Mobilization of small DNAPL pools formed by capillary entrapment

1991 Bear, 1972 Brewster, 1995, Observed migration of a controlled DNAPL release by geophysical methods, Ground Water, 33, 977, 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00043.x Chatzis, 1984, Correlation of capillary number relationships for sandstone, Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, 24, 555, 10.2118/10114-PA Cohen, 1993 Corey, 1956, Effect of stratification on relative permeability, Petroleum Transactions, AIME, 207, 358 Davis, 1997, Relationship between fluvial bounding surfaces and the permeability correlation structure, Water Resources Research, 33, 1843, 10.1029/97WR01003 1991 Fu, X., 1999. Cosolvent and Surfactant Flush of Nonaqueous Phase Liquid in Saturated, Heterogeneous Porous Media. M.S. Thesis, University of Delaware. Glass, 2000, Gravity-destabilized nonwetting phase invasion in macroheterogeneous porous media: experimental observations of invasion dynamics and scale analysis, Water Resources Research, 36, 3121, 10.1029/2000WR900152 Grubb, 1999, Mobilization of trichloroethylene (TCE) during ethanol flooding in uniform and layered sand packs under confined conditions, Water Resources Research, 35, 3275, 10.1029/1999WR900222 Huang, 1995, Capillary trapping mechanisms in water-wet laminated rocks, SPE Reservoir Engineering, 10, 287, 10.2118/28942-PA Illangasekare, 1995, Experimental study of movement and distribution of dense organic contaminants in heterogeneous aquifers, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 20, 1, 10.1016/0169-7722(95)00045-W Imhoff, 1995, Cosolvent-enhanced remediation of residual dense nonaqueous phase liquids: experimental investigation, Environmental Science and Technology, 29, 1966, 10.1021/es00008a014 Imhoff, 1997, An evaluation of thermal effects on the dissolution of a nonaqueous phase liquid in porous media, Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 1615, 10.1021/es960292x Kueper, 1989, Experimental observations of multiphase flow in heterogeneous porous media, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 5, 83, 10.1016/0169-7722(89)90007-7 Kueper, 1993, A field experiment to study the behavior of tetrachloroethylene below the water table—spatial distribution of residual and pooled DNAPL, Ground Water, 31, 756, 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00848.x Leverett, 1941, Capillary behavior in porous solids, Petroleum Transactions, AIME, 142, 152, 10.2118/941152-G Longino, 1995, The use of upward gradients to arrest downward dense, nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) migration in the presence of solubilizing surfactants, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 32, 296, 10.1139/t95-031 Lunn, 1997, Removal of pooled dense, nonaqueous phase liquid from saturated porous media using upward gradient alcohol floods, Water Resources Research, 33, 2207, 10.1029/97WR01692 Miall, 1984 Miller, 2000, Remediation of DNAPL-contaminated subsurface systems using density-motivated mobilization, Environmental Science and Technology, 34, 719, 10.1021/es990808n Morrow, 1988, Entrapment and mobilization of residual oil in bead packs, SPE Reservoir Engineering, 2, 927, 10.2118/14423-PA Padgett, 1999, Mobilization of residual tetrachloroethylene during alcohol flushing of clay-containing porous media, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00046-7 Pankow, 1996 Pennell, 1994, Surfactant enhanced remediation of soil columns contaminated by residual tetrachloroethylene, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 16, 35, 10.1016/0169-7722(94)90071-X Pennell, 1996, Influence of viscous and buoyancy forces on the mobilization of residual tetrachloroethylene during surfactant flushing, Environmental Science and Technology, 30, 1328, 10.1021/es9505311 Powers, 1995, Wettability of porous media after exposure to synthetic gasolines, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 19, 105, 10.1016/0169-7722(95)00008-J Schroth, 1996, Characterization of Miller-similar silica sands for laboratory hydrologic studies, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60, 1331, 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000050007x Schwille, 1988 Shiau, 1994, Solubilization and microemulsification of chlorinated solvents using direct food additive (edible) surfactants, Ground Water, 32, 561, 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00891.x van Lingen, 1996, Capillary entrapment caused by small-scale wettability heterogeneities, SPE Reservoir Engineering, 93, 10.2118/30782-PA Willson, 1999, Factors affecting bank formation during surfactant-enhanced mobilization of residual NAPL, Environmental Science and Technology, 33, 2440, 10.1021/es980427u