Mitochondria, spermatogenesis and male infertility

Aitken, 1989, Generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and human sperm function, Biol. Reprod., 40, 183, 10.1095/biolreprod41.1.183 Alcivar, 1989, Mitochondrial gene expression in male germ cells of the mouse, Dev. Biol., 135, 263, 10.1016/0012-1606(89)90178-4 Alvarez, 1995, Differential incorporation of fatty acids into and peroxidative loss of fatty acids from phospholipids of human spermatozoa, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 42, 334, 10.1002/mrd.1080420311 Anderson, 1981, Sequence and organisation of the human mitochondrial genome, Nature, 290, 457, 10.1038/290457a0 Anderson, 1982, Comparison of the human and bovine mitochondrial genomes, 51 Ankel-Simons, 1996, Misconception about mitochondria and mammalian fertilization: implications for theories on human evolution, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 13859, 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13859 Arcelay, 2008, Identification of proteins undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation during mouse sperm capacitation, Int. J. Dev. Biol., 52, 463, 10.1387/ijdb.072555ea Asquith, 2005, Localization and significance of molecular chaperones, heat shock protein 1, and tumor rejection antigen gp96 in the male reproductive tract and during capacitation and acrosome reaction, Biol. Reprod., 72, 328, 10.1095/biolreprod.104.034470 Attardi, 1985, Animal mitochondrial DNA: an extreme example of genetic economy, Int. Rev. Cytol., 93, 93, 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)61373-X Baker, 2005, Reactive oxygen species in spermatozoa: methods for monitoring and significance for the origins of genetic disease and infertility, Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 3, 67, 10.1186/1477-7827-3-67 Barr, 1971, Germinal cell loss during human spermatogenesis, J. Reprod. Fertil., 25, 75, 10.1530/jrf.0.0250075 Beckman, 1996, Detection and quantification of oxidative adducts of mitochondrial DNA, Methods Enzymol., 264, 442, 10.1016/S0076-6879(96)64040-3 Beckman, 1999, Endogenous oxidative damage of mtDNA, Mutat. Res., 424, 51, 10.1016/S0027-5107(99)00007-X Bereiter-Hahn, 1994, Dynamics of mitochondria in living cells: shape changes, dislocations, fusion and fission of mitochondria, Microsc. Res. Tech., 27, 198, 10.1002/jemt.1070270303 Bergmann, 1990, Distribution pattern of testicular sulphydryloxidase immuno-activity in the djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) during photoperiodically induced involution and recrudescence, Int. J. Androl., 13, 488, 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01055.x Bohr, 1995, DNA-damage, mutation and fine-structure DNA repair in aging, Mutat. Res., 338, 25, 10.1016/0921-8734(95)00008-T Bohr, 1999, Oxidative DNA damage processing in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, Biochimie, 81, 155, 10.1016/S0300-9084(99)80048-0 Braun, 1989, Genetically haploid spermatids are phenotypically diploid, Nature, 337, 373, 10.1038/337373a0 Clayton, 1982, Replication of animal mitochondrial DNA, Cell, 28, 693, 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90049-6 Clayton, 2000, Transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA, Human Reprod., 15, 11, 10.1093/humrep/15.suppl_2.11 Clermont, 1962, Quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis of the rat: a revised model for the renewal of spermatogonia, Am. J. Anat., 111, 111, 10.1002/aja.1001110202 Cummins, 1998, Mitochondrial DNA in mammalian reproduction, Rev. Reprod., 3, 172, 10.1530/ror.0.0030172 Cummins, 1994, Molecular biology of human male infertility: links with aging, mitochondrial genetics, and oxidative stress?, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 37, 345, 10.1002/mrd.1080370314 Dairaghi, 1995, Human mitochondrial transcription factor A and promotor spacing integrity are required for transcription initiation, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1271, 127, 10.1016/0925-4439(95)00019-Z de Lamirande, 1993, Human sperm hyperactivation and capacitation as parts of an oxidative process, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 14, 255 Elliott, 2008, Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations are common in the general population, Am. J. Human Genet., 83, 254, 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.07.004 Erickson, 1990, Synthetic alpha-subunit peptides stimulate testosterone production in vitro by rat Leydig cells, Endocrinology, 126, 2555, 10.1210/endo-126-5-2555 Evenson, 2006, Clinical aspects of sperm DNA fragmentation detection and male infertility, Theriogenology, 15, 979, 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.09.011 Ficarro, 2003, Phosphoproteome analysis of capacitated human sperm. Evidence of tyrosine phosphorylation of a kinase-anchoring protein 3 and valosin-containing protein/p97 during capacitation, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 11579, 10.1074/jbc.M202325200 Folgero, 1993, Mitochondrial disease and reduced sperm motility, Human Reprod., 8, 1863, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137950 Furuchi, 1996, Inhibition of testicular germ cell apoptosis and differentiation in mice misexpressing Bcl-2 in spermatogonia, Development, 122, 1703, 10.1242/dev.122.6.1703 Gandini, 2000, Study of apoptotic DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa, Human Reprod., 15, 830, 10.1093/humrep/15.4.830 Gavella, 1992, NADH-dependent oxidoreductase (diaphorase) activity and isozyme pattern of sperm in infertile men, Arch. Androl., 28, 135, 10.3109/01485019208987691 Grootegoed, 1984, Spermatogenic cells in the germinal epithelium utilize alpha-ketoisocaproate and lactate, produced by Sertoli cells from leucine and glucose, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 438, 557, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb38335.x Hecht, 1984, Mitochondrial DNA is synthesized during meiosis and spermiogenesis in the mouse, Exp. Cell Res., 154, 293, 10.1016/0014-4827(84)90688-8 Heller, 1964, Kinetics of the germinal epithelium in man, Recent Prog. Horm. Res., 20, 545 Holyoake, 1999, Association of a novel human mtDNA ATPase6 mutation with immature sperm cells, Andrologia, 31, 339, 10.1046/j.1439-0272.1999.00150.x Holyoake, 2001, High incidence of single nucleotide substitutions in the mitochondrial genome is associated with poor semen parameters in men, Int. J. Androl., 24, 175, 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2001.00292.x Huang, 1994, MELAS syndrome with mitochondrial tRNA leu (UUR) gene mutation in a Chinese family, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 57, 586, 10.1136/jnnp.57.5.586 Huckins, 1978, Morphological and quantitative analysis of spermatogonia in mouse testes using whole mounted seminiferous tubules, I. The normal testes, Anat. Rec., 192, 519, 10.1002/ar.1091920406 Jha, 2002, Protein serine and threonine phosphorylation, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction in in vitro capacitated hamster spermatozoa, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 63, 119, 10.1002/mrd.10152 John, J.C., Facucho-Oliveira, J., Jiang, Y., Kelly, R., Salah, R., 2010. Mitochondrial DNA transmission, replication and inheritance: a journey from the gamete through the embryo and into offspring and embryonic stem cells. Human Reprod., in press. Johnson, 1985, Increased daily sperm production in the breeding season of stallions is explained by an elevated population of spermatogonia, Biol. Reprod., 32, 1181, 10.1095/biolreprod32.5.1181 Johnson, 1995, Efficiency of spermatogenesis, Microsc. Res. Tech., 32, 385, 10.1002/jemt.1070320504 Johnson, 1983, Further quantification of human spermatogenesis: germ cell loss during postprophase of meiosis and its relationship to daily sperm production, Biol. Reprod., 1, 207, 10.1095/biolreprod29.1.207 Johnston, 1995, Late onset mitochondrial myopathy, Ann. Neurol., 37, 16, 10.1002/ana.410370106 Kao, 1995, Mitochondrial deoxyribonucliec acid 4977bp deletion is associated with diminished fertility and motility of human sperm, Biol. Reprod., 52, 729, 10.1095/biolreprod52.4.729 Kao, 1998, Multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA are associated with the decline of motility and fertility of human spermatozoa, Mol. Human Reprod., 4, 657, 10.1093/molehr/4.7.657 King, 1988, Injection of mitochondria into human cells leads to a rapid replacement of the endogenous mitochondrial DNA, Cell, 52, 811, 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90423-0 King, 1996, Isolation of human cell lines lacking mitochondrial DNA, Methods Enzymol., 264, 304, 10.1016/S0076-6879(96)64029-4 Kleene, 1984, Translational regulation and deadenylation of a protamine mRNA during spermiogenesis in the mouse, Dev. Biol., 105, 71, 10.1016/0012-1606(84)90262-8 Knudson, 1995, Bax-deficient mice with lymphoid hyperplasia and male germ cell death, Science, 270, 96, 10.1126/science.270.5233.96 Kolmer, 1997, The transcriptional and translational control of diazepam binding inhibitor expression in rat male germ-line cells, DNA Cell Biol., 16, 59, 10.1089/dna.1997.16.59 Kota, 2009, Tyrosine phosphoproteome of hamster spermatozoa: role of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 in sperm capacitation, Proteomics, 9, 1809, 10.1002/pmic.200800519 Kroemer, 1997, The proto-oncogene Bcl-2 and its role in regulating apoptosis, Nat. Med., 3, 614, 10.1038/nm0697-614 Kumar, 2006, Activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase A (PDHA) in hamster spermatozoa correlates positively with hyperactivation and is associated with sperm capacitation, Biol. Reprod., 75, 767, 10.1095/biolreprod.106.053587 Kumar, 2008, Hamster sperm capacitation: role of pyruvate dehydrogenase A and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, Biol. Reprod., 79, 190, 10.1095/biolreprod.107.066704 Larsson, 1996, A single mouse gene encodes the mitochondrial transcription factor A and a testis-specific nuclear HMG box protein, Nat. Genet., 13, 296, 10.1038/ng0796-296 Larsson, 1997, Down-regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A during spermatogenesis in humans, Human Mol. Genet., 6, 185, 10.1093/hmg/6.2.185 Lefièvre, 2002, Activation of protein kinase A during human sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, J. Androl., 23, 709 Lestienne, 1997, Oligoasthenospermia associated with multiple mitochondrial DNA rearrangements, Mol. Human Reprod., 3, 811, 10.1093/molehr/3.9.811 Lightowlers, 1997, Mammalian mitochondrial genetics, heredity, heteroplasmy and disease, Trends Genet., 13, 450, 10.1016/S0168-9525(97)01266-3 Luconi, 2001, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition enhances human sperm motility, Human Reprod., 16, 1931, 10.1093/humrep/16.9.1931 Lunt, 1997, Animal mitochondrial DNA recombination, Nature, 387, 247, 10.1038/387247a0 Manfredi, 1997, The fate of human sperm-derived mtDNA in somatic cells, Am. J. Human Genet., 61, 953, 10.1086/514887 Marchington, 1997, Homopolymeric tract heteroplasmy in mtDNA from tissues and single oocytes: support for a genetic bottleneck, Am. J. Human Genet., 60, 408 May-Panloup, 2003, Increased sperm mitochondrial DNA content in male infertility, Human Reprod., 18, 550, 10.1093/humrep/deg096 Meinhardt, 1995, Expression of mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 in distinct cell types and defined stages of rat seminiferous epithelium, Biol. Reprod., 52, 798, 10.1095/biolreprod52.4.798 Meinhardt, 1999, Expression of mitochondrial marker proteins during spermatogenesis, Human Reprod. Update, 5, 108, 10.1093/humupd/5.2.108 Michikawa, 1999, Aging dependent large accumulation of point mutations in the human mtDNA control region for replication, Science, 286, 774, 10.1126/science.286.5440.774 Mitra, 2004, Novel tyrosine-phosphorylated post-pyruvate metabolic enzyme, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, involved in capacitation of hamster spermatozoa, Biol. Reprod., 70, 887, 10.1095/biolreprod.103.022780 Mitra, 2005, Proteins implicated in sperm capacitation, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 43, 1001 Moraes, 1991, MtDNA depletion with variable tissue expression: a novel genetic abnormality in mitochondrial diseases, Am. J. Human Genet., 48, 492 Naor, 1997, Protein kinase C and mammalian spermatozoa acrosome reaction, Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 8, 337, 10.1016/S1043-2760(97)00134-3 Oakberg, 1956, A description of spermiogenesis in the mouse and its use in analysis of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and germ cell renewal, Am. J. Anat., 99, 391, 10.1002/aja.1000990303 Oldfors, 1995, Mitochondrial DNA deletions in muscle fibers in inclusion body myositis, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 54, 581, 10.1097/00005072-199507000-00012 Ozawa, 1995, Mechanism of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations associated with age and diseases, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1271, 177, 10.1016/0925-4439(95)00026-Z Pereira, 2008, Mutation C11994T in the mitochondrial ND4 gene is not a cause of low sperm motility in Portugal, Fertil. Steril., 89, 738, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.048 Pesole, 1999, Nucleotide substitution rate of mammalian mitochondrial genomes, J. Mol. Evol., 48, 427, 10.1007/PL00006487 Rantanen, 2000, Regulation of mitochondrial DNA copy number during spermatogenesis, Human Reprod., 15, 86, 10.1093/humrep/15.suppl_2.86 Rovio, 2001, Mutations at the mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG) locus associated with male infertility, Nat. Genet., 29, 261, 10.1038/ng759 Ruiz-Pesini, 1998, Correlation of sperm motility with mitochondrial enzymatic activities, Clin. Chem., 44, 1616, 10.1093/clinchem/44.8.1616 Ruiz-Pesini, 2000, Human mtDNA haplogroups associated with high or reduced spermatozoa motility, Am. J. Human Genet., 67, 682, 10.1086/303040 Said, 2005, Impact of sperm morphology on DNA damage caused by oxidative stress induced by beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, Fertil. Steril., 83, 95, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.06.056 Selvi Rani, 2006, A novel missense mutation C11994T in the mitochondrial ND4 gene as a cause of low sperm motility in the Indian subcontinent, Fertil. Steril., 86, 1783, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.044 Setchell, 1978 Shamsi, 2008, Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in etiopathogenesis of male infertility, Indian J. Urol., 24, 150, 10.4103/0970-1591.40606 Shivaji, 2007, Mammalian sperm capacitation: role of phosphotyrosine proteins, Soc. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl., 63, 295 Shivaji, 2009, The role of mitochondrial proteins in sperm capacitation, J. Reprod. Immunol., 83, 14, 10.1016/j.jri.2009.08.009 Shoffner, 1992, Mitochondrial genetics: principles and practice, Am. J. Human Genet., 51, 1179 Shoffner, 1989, Spontaneous Kearns Sayre/chronic external opthalmoplegia plus syndrome associated with a mitochondrial deletion: a slip replication model and metabolic therapy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 7952, 10.1073/pnas.86.20.7952 Shuster, 1988, Mitochondrial DNA in anucleate human blood cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 155, 1360, 10.1016/S0006-291X(88)81291-9 Siva, 2010, Proteomics-based study on asthenozoospermia: differential expression of proteasome alpha complex, Mol. Hum. Reprod., 16, 452, 10.1093/molehr/gaq009 Sonezaki, 1995, Protein substrates and heat shock reduce the DNA-binding ability of Escherichia coli Lon protease, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 44, 484, 10.1007/BF00169948 Spiropoulos, 2002, Can mitochondrial DNA mutations cause sperm dysfunction?, Mol. Human Reprod., 8, 719, 10.1093/molehr/8.8.719 Spiropoulos, 2002, Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations and human reproduction, Human Fertil., 2, 133, 10.1080/1464727992000198511 Spiteri-Grech, 1993, Paracrine factors relevant to the regulation of spermatogenesis–a review, J. Reprod. Fertil., 98, 1, 10.1530/jrf.0.0980001 St. John, 2000, A role for mitochondrial DNA and sperm survival, J. Androl., 21, 189 Storey, 1980, Strategy of oxidative metabolism in bull spermatozoa, J. Exp. Zool., 212, 61, 10.1002/jez.1402120109 Suomalainen, 1995, An autosomal locus predisposing to deletions of mitochondrial DNA, Nat. Genet., 9, 146, 10.1038/ng0295-146 Sutovsky, 1996, Fate of the sperm mitochondria, and the incorporation, conversion, and disassembly of the sperm tail structures during bovine fertilization, Biol. Reprod., 55, 1195, 10.1095/biolreprod55.6.1195 Tengan, 1997, Oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction does not increase the rate of accumulation of age-related mtDNA deletions in skeletal muscle, Mutat. Res., 379, 1, 10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00076-6 Thangaraj, 2003, Sperm mitochondrial mutations as a cause of low sperm motility, J. Androl., 24, 388, 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02687.x Thyagarajan, 1996, Mammalian mitochondria possess homologous DNA recombination activity, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 27536, 10.1074/jbc.271.44.27536 Tremellen, 2008, Oxidative stress and male infertility–a clinical perspective, Human Reprod. Update, 14, 243, 10.1093/humupd/dmn004 Venkatesh, 2009, Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in male infertility, Indian J. Med. Res., 129, 127 Wai, T., Ao, A., Zhang, X., Cyr, D., Dufort, D., Shoubridge, E.A., 2010. The role of mitochondrial DNA copy number in mammalian fertility. Biol. Reprod., in press. Werner, 1997, Distribution of heat-shock protein 60 immunoreactivity in testes of infertile men, Cell Tissue Res., 288, 539, 10.1007/s004410050839 Wiesner, 1992, Counting target molecules by exponential polymerase chain reaction, copy number of mitochondrial DNA in rat tissues, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 183, 553 Williams, 2002, Another surprise from the mitochondrial genome, N. Engl. J. Med., 347, 609, 10.1056/NEJMe020083 Wilson, 1998, Apoptosis: unmasking the executioner, Cell Death Differ., 5, 646, 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400394 Xiang, 1996, Bax-induced cell death may not require interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme-like proteases, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 14559, 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14559 Yakes, 1997, Mitochondrial DNA damage is more extensive and persists longer than nuclear DNA damage in human cells following oxidative stress, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 514, 10.1073/pnas.94.2.514 Zeviani, 1997, Mitochondrial disorders, Mol. Human Reprod., 3, 133, 10.1093/molehr/3.2.133 Zeviani, 1989, An autosomal dominant disorder with multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA starting at the D-loop region, Nature, 339, 309, 10.1038/339309a0 Zhang, 1999, Mitochondrial DNA deletions in human cardiac tissue show a gross mosaic distribution, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 254, 152, 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9914