Microstructural and Wear Behavior of Al2014-Alumina Composites with Varying Alumina Content
Tóm tắt
The current research work primarily focuses on synthesizing and exploring Al2014 alloy microstructure and wear behavior reinforced with 20 μm Al2O3 (alumina) particles. A novel two-stage stir casting (melt stirring) technique is adopted to produce the composites, and the weight percentage of reinforcement is maintained at 9, 12, and 15 to know the effect of varying weight percentage on microstructure and wear behavior. To achieve better dispersion, alumina particles have been introduced in two stages. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscope/energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDX) are used to characterize the prepared composites. In the Al2014 matrix, microstructural characterization showed a fairly uniform dispersion of Al2O3p. The presence of alumina is confirmed by the XRD pattern carried out on the produced composite (Al2014-15 wt.% Al2O3p). Wear properties of as-cast Al2014 alloy and composites (Al2014-Al2O3p) at 9, 12, and 15 wt.% have been studied. Dry sliding wear tests have been conducted over a load range of 9.81 N-49.05 N and sliding speed of 100–600 RPM using pin-on-disk machine. Results revealed the frictional coefficient of as-cast Al2014 alloy and produced composites increase with an increase in load up to 49.05 N. Nevertheless, the frictional coefficient of both as-cast Al2014 alloy and produced composite increase continuously by increasing the speed. The wear rate of both Al2014 matrix alloy and Al2014-Al2O3 reinforced composite increase with the increase in load and sliding speed. To know the possible wear mechanisms, worn surface and wear debris have been studied by using electron microscopy and EDS examination to specify the formation of the oxides.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Hunt M, Mater Eng102 (1991) 22.
Noguchi M, and Fukizawa K, Adv Mater Process. 143 (1993) 20
Yoshimura H N, Goncalves M, Goldenstein H, in Fuentes M, Martı´nezEsnaola JM, Daniel AM (eds)Key Engineering Materials,Transtech Publication Inc, Switzerland 127 (1997) p 985.
Bunk W J G, in Advanced Aerospace Materials, Horst Buhl (eds) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York (1992) p 373.
Weeton J W, Peters D M, Thomas K L, in Engineer’s guide to composite materials, Weeton J (ed)ASM International, Metals Park, OH (1987) p 2.
Hartaj Singh, Sarabjit, Nripjit, and Anand K Tyagi, J Eng Res and Stu. 2 (2011) 72.
Ray S, Rohatgi P K. Indian Patent No. 12430A, (1972)
Badia F and Rohatgi P K, Trans. AM Foundrymen’s Soc. 79 (1969) 402.
Flemings MC, Mehrabian R (1976) New trends in materials processing, ASM International, Metals Park, OH, p 98.
Ghosh P K, Ray S, and Rohatgi P K, Trans Jpn Inst Met.25 (1984), 440. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1960.25.440
Bharath V, Auradi V, Nagaral M and Satish Babu Boppana, J Bio Tribo Corros 6 (2020), 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-00341-2
Suresh S and Mortensen A, Mater Rev42 (1997), 85. https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1997.42.3.85
Schicker S, Garcia D E, Bruhn J, Janssen R, and Claussen N, Acta Mater.46 (1998) 2485. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(98)80032-3
Nagaral M, Deshapande R G, Auradi V. et al.J Bio Tribo Corros 7 (2021)19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-00454-8
Stephens J J, Lucas J P and Hoskins, Scr Metall22 (1988) 1307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0036-9748(88)80152-2
Bonnen JJ, Allison J E, and Jones J E, Metall Tran A.22 (1991) 1007.
Prasad B K, Das S, Jha A K, Modi O P, Dasgupta R, and Yegneswaran A H, Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf.28 (1997) 301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(96)00115-7
Hutchings I M, Chem Eng Sci. 42 (1987) 869. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(87)80045-3
Murray MJ, Mutton PJ, and Watson JD,JLub Technol. 104 (1982) 9.
Moore M A, Douthwaite R M, Metall Trans A.7 (1976). 1833. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02659813
Hornbogen E, Wear. 33 (1975) 251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(75)90280-X
Sin H, Saka N, Suh NP, Wear. 55 (1976) 163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(79)90188-1
Rabinowicz E, Mutis A, Wear.8 (1965)381. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(65)90169-9
Axen N, Zum Gahr K H, Wear. 157 (1992) 189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(92)90197-G
Wang A, Rack HJ, Wear. 146 (1991), 337. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(91)90073-4
Badse LJ, Wear.11 (1968), 213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(68)90559-0
Bharath V, Auradi V, Nagaral M and Bopanna S B, JurnalTribologi, 25 (2020), 29.
Jain Main T, Ye Ying S, HuaJi Z, Chingan Z, Zianwu K, Tribo Int. 18 (1985) 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-679X(85)90045-3
Vencl, Rac A, Bobic I, Iskovic Z, Tribol Ind.28 (2006) 27.
Muhammad Hayat Jotkho, Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar and Nukhtilar Ali Unar,Mehran Univ Res J Eng.30 (2011) 53.
Sajjadi S.A, H.R. Ezatpour H. A, TorabiParizi M, Mater Des. 34 (2012) 106.
Li X.Y, Tandon K.N, Wear,245 (2000), 148.
Basavarajappa S, Chandramohan G, and Paulo Davim J, Mater Des. 28 (2007) 1393.
Das S, Trans. Indian Inst Met57 (2004) 325.
Sharma S C, Wear249 (2001) 1036.
Hosking F M, F Folgar Portillo, Wunderlin R and Mehrabian R, J Mater Sci. 17 (1982) 477.
Raghuram K S and Raju N V S, Inn Syst Des. Eng. 2 (2011) 1.
Baradeswaran A, Elayaperumal A, Eur J Sci Res. 53 (2011) 163.
Kirti J. Bhansali and Robert Mehrabian,J Met34 (1982) 30. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03338093
ASM handbook (ASM handbook Committee), 62–122 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1361/asmhba0001060
VijayaRamnath B, Elanchezhian C, Jaivignesh M, Rajesh S, Parswajinan C, Siddique Ahmed Ghias A, Mater Des58 (2014) 332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.068
J. Hashim, L. Looney and M.S.J. Hashmi, J Mater Process Technol.92 (1999) 1.
Hashim J, Looney L, Hashmi M S J, J Mater Process Technol.119 (2001) 324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00975-X
Kok M, J Mater Process Technol. 161 (2005) 381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.07.068
Chaudhary S. P, Singh P. K, Rai S, Patel H, Kumar B, Int J Innov Res Sci. Eng. Technol. 4 (2015) 8377. https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0409080
Ramesh C.S, Keshavamurthy R, Channabasappa B. H and Abrar A,Mater Sci Eng A. 502 (2009) 99.
Fjellstedt J, On crystallization processing of Al-base alloys, Ph D Thesis, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (2001)
Naplocha K, Granat K,Arch Mater Sci Eng A., 29 (2008) 81.
Zhang J and Apas A. T, Acta Mater.45 (1997) 513.
Hamid A. A, Ghosh P. K, Jain S. C, Ray S, Wear.265 (2008) 14.
Al-Qutub A. M., Allam I. M., Abdul Samad M. A., J Mater Sci.43 (2008) 5797.
Ramesh C. S, Keshavamurthy R, Channabasappa B. H and Pramod S, Tribol Int43 (2010) 623.
Boppana S B and Dayanand S, J Bio Tribo Corros 6 (2020) 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-0324-7
Vard avoulias M, JouanntTresy C, Jeandin M, Wear.165 (1993)141.
Ramesh C. S, Prasad T. B, Tribol. 1 (2007) 197.
Venkataraman B, Sundararajan G,Wear. 245 (2000) 22.
Sudarshan, Surappa M. K, Wear. 265 (2008) 349.
Baradeswaran A and Elaya Perumal A, Compos B. 56 (2014) 464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.013
Rosenberger M R, Schvezov C E, Forlerer E, Wear. 259 (2005) 590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.02.003
Zhan Y Z, Zhang G, Mater Lett. 57 (2003) 4583.
Mondal A, Chakraborthy M, Murthy B S, Wear. 262 (2007) 160.
Sudarshan, Surappa M K, Wear. 265 (2008) 349.
Inem B, Mater Sci Eng.197 (1995) 91.
Alpas A T, Zhang J, Metall Mater Trans A, 25 (1994) 969.
Saka N, Karalekas D P, Friction & wear of particle reinforced metal ceramic composition, Wear of materials, ASME (Ed. K.C. Ludema), pp 784–793, (1985)
Kwok J K M, Lim S C, Compos Sci Technol. 59 (1999) 65.
Modi O P, Prasad B K, Yeganeswaran A H, Vidya M C, Mater Sci Eng A.151 (1992) 235.
Ren S, He X, Qu X, Li Y, J Alloys Compd. 455 (2008) 424.
Suh N P, Wear. 25 (1973)111.
Ramesh C S, Keshavamurthy R, Channabasappa B H, Pramod S,Tribol Int. 30 (2010) 3713.
Dutta Majumdar J, Ramesh Chandra B, Nath A K and Manna I, Surf Coat Technol.2011(2006) 1236.
Zhang W L and Wang D Z, Trans Nonferrous Met Soc. Vol 8 (1998) 432.
Smith A V and Chung D L, Mater Sci. 31 (1996) 5961.
Senthilkumar M, Saravanan SD, Shankar S.J Compos Mater (2015), 49:2241–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998314545185.