Microglial Over-Activation by Social Defeat Stress Contributes to Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Behaviors

Ajmone-Cat, 2013, Microglial polarization and plasticity: evidence from organotypic hippocampal slice cultures: microglial polarization and tolerization, Glia, 61, 1698, 10.1002/glia.22550

Almeida, 2002, The daily inventory of stressful events: an interview-based approach for measuring daily stressors, Assessment, 9, 41, 10.1177/1073191102009001006

Ascoli, 2016, The role of macrophage polarization on bipolar disorder: identifying new therapeutic targets, Aust. N Z J. Psychiatry, 50, 618, 10.1177/0004867416642846

Avitsur, 2001, Social stress induces glucocorticoid resistance in subordinate animals, Horm. Behav., 39, 247, 10.1006/hbeh.2001.1653

Biber, 2016, Central nervous system myeloid cells as drug targets: current status and translational challenges, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 15, 110, 10.1038/nrd.2015.14

Björkqvist, 2001, Social defeat as a stressor in humans, Physiol. Behav., 73, 435, 10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00490-5

Brachman, 2015, Lymphocytes from chronically stressed mice confer antidepressant-like effects to naive mice, J. Neurosci., 35, 1530, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2278-14.2015

Calcia, 2016, Stress and neuroinflammation: a systematic review of the effects of stress on microglia and the implications for mental illness, Psychopharmacology, 233, 1637, 10.1007/s00213-016-4218-9

Ferrari, 2013, Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010, PLoS Med., 10, e1001547, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001547

Frick, 2013, Microglial dysregulation in psychiatric disease, Clin. Dev. Immunol., 2013, 608654, 10.1155/2013/608654

Ginhoux, 2010, Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages, Science, 330, 841, 10.1126/science.1194637

Ginhoux, 2013, Origin and differentiation of microglia, Front. Cell. Neurosci., 7, 45, 10.3389/fncel.2013.00045

Glaser, 2005, Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 5, 243, 10.1038/nri1571

Hanisch, 2007, Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain, Nat. Neurosci., 10, 1387, 10.1038/nn1997

Henriques-Alves, 2016, Ethological evaluation of the effects of social defeat stress in mice: beyond the social interaction ratio, Front. Behav. Neurosci., 9, 364, 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00364

Herman, 2016, Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical stress response, Comprehensive Physiology, 603, 10.1002/cphy.c150015

Hollis, 2014, Social defeat as an animal model for depression, ILAR J., 55, 221, 10.1093/ilar/ilu002

Kettenmann, 2011, Physiology of microglia, Physiol. Rev., 91, 461, 10.1152/physrev.00011.2010

Koo, 2009, Interleukin-1 receptor null mutant mice show decreased anxiety-like behavior and enhanced fear memory, Neurosci. Lett., 456, 39, 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.068

Koolhaas, 2017, Social stress models in rodents: towards enhanced validity, Neurobiol. Stress, 6, 104, 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.09.003

Kreisel, 2014, Dynamic microglial alterations underlie stress-induced depressive-like behavior and suppressed neurogenesis, Mol. Psychiatry, 19, 699, 10.1038/mp.2013.155

Krishnan, 2011, Animal models of depression: molecular perspectives, Molecular and Functional Models in Neuropsychiatry, 121, 10.1007/7854_2010_108

Lehmann, 2016, Social defeat induces depressive-like states and microglial activation without involvement of peripheral macrophages, J. Neuroinflammation, 13, 224, 10.1186/s12974-016-0672-x

Lehnardt, 2010, Innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the CNS: the role of microglia in Toll-like receptor-mediated neuronal injury, Glia, 58, 253, 10.1002/glia.20928

McKim, , Neuroinflammatory dynamics underlie memory impairments after repeated social defeat, J. Neurosci., 36, 2590, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2394-15.2016

McKim, , Sympathetic release of splenic monocytes promotes recurring anxiety following repeated social defeat, Biol. Psychiatry, 79, 803, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.010

Meaney, 2001, Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 24, 1161, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1161

Miczek, 2011, Escalated or suppressed cocaine reward, tegmental BDNF, and accumbal dopamine caused by episodic versus continuous social stress in rats, J. Neurosci., 31, 9848, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0637-11.2011

Miczek, 2008, Social stress, therapeutics and drug abuse: preclinical models of escalated and depressed intake, Pharmacol. Ther., 120, 102, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.07.006

Miller, 2015, The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 16, 22, 10.1038/nri.2015.5

Mondelli, 2017, Brain microglia in psychiatric disorders, Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 563, 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30101-3

Nakagawa, 2014, Role of microglial M1/M2 polarization in relapse and remission of psychiatric disorders and diseases, Pharmaceuticals, 7, 1028, 10.3390/ph7121028

Nishi, 2014, Effects of early life adverse experiences on the brain: implications from maternal separation models in rodents, Front. Neurosci., 8, 166, 10.3389/fnins.2014.00166

Prinz, 2014, Microglia and brain macrophages in the molecular age: from origin to neuropsychiatric disease, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 15, 300, 10.1038/nrn3722

Ramirez, 2016, GABAergic modulation with classical benzodiazepines prevent stress-induced neuro-immune dysregulation and behavioral alterations, Brain Behav. Immun., 51, 154, 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.08.011

Ramirez, 2015, Imipramine attenuates neuroinflammatory signaling and reverses stress-induced social avoidance, Brain Behav. Immun., 46, 212, 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.016

Ramirez, 2016, Antidepressant imipramine diminishes stress-induced inflammation in the periphery and central nervous system and related anxiety- and depressive- like behaviors, Brain Behav. Immun., 57, 293, 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.008

Ransohoff, 2016, A polarizing question: do M1 and M2 microglia exist?, Nat. Neurosci., 19, 987, 10.1038/nn.4338

Razzoli, 2009, Alterations of behavioral and endocrinological reactivity induced by 3 brief social defeats in rats: relevance to human psychopathology, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 1405, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.018

Reader, 2015, Peripheral and central effects of repeated social defeat stress: monocyte trafficking, microglial activation and anxiety, Neuroscience, 289, 429, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.001

Salter, 2014, Sublime microglia: expanding roles for the guardians of the CNS, Cell, 158, 15, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.008

Schnieder, 2014, Microglia of prefrontal white matter in suicide, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 73, 880, 10.1097/NEN.0000000000000107

Setiawan, 2015, Role of translocator protein density, a marker of neuroinflammation, in the brain during major depressive episodes, JAMA Psychiatry, 72, 268, 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2427

Sierra, 2008, Steroid hormone receptor expression and function in microglia, Glia, 56, 659, 10.1002/glia.20644

Steiner, 2008, Immunological aspects in the neurobiology of suicide: elevated microglial density in schizophrenia and depression is associated with suicide, J. Psychiatr. Res., 42, 151, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.10.013

Steiner, 2012, Bridging the gap between the immune and glutamate hypotheses of schizophrenia and major depression: potential role of glial NMDA receptor modulators and impaired blood-brain barrier integrity, World J. Biol. Psychiatry, 13, 482, 10.3109/15622975.2011.583941

Tang, 2016, Differential roles of M1 and M2 microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, Mol. Neurobiol., 53, 1181, 10.1007/s12035-014-9070-5

Tidey, 1997, Acquisition of cocaine self-administration after social stress: role of accumbens dopamine, Psychopharmacology, 130, 203, 10.1007/s002130050230

Tong, 2017, Microglia loss contributes to the development of major depression induced by different types of chronic stresses, Neurochem. Res., 10.1007/s11064-017-2270-4

Vasconcelos, 2015, Social defeat protocol and relevant biomarkers, implications for stress response physiology, drug abuse, mood disorders and individual stress vulnerability: a systematic review of the last decade, Trends Psychiatry Psychother., 37, 51, 10.1590/2237-6089-2014-0034

Verkhratsky, 2015, Microglia: structure and function, Brain Mapping, 109, 10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00356-0

Wake, 2013, Microglia: actively surveying and shaping neuronal circuit structure and function, Trends Neurosci., 36, 209, 10.1016/j.tins.2012.11.007

Walker, 2013, Acute and chronic stress-induced disturbances of microglial plasticity, phenotype and function, Curr. Drug Targets, 14, 1262, 10.2174/13894501113149990208

Whiteford, 2013, Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2010, Lancet, 382, 1575, 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6

Wohleb, 2012, Peripheral innate immune challenge exaggerated microglia activation, increased the number of inflammatory CNS macrophages and prolonged social withdrawal in socially defeated mice, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, 1491, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.003

Wohleb, 2011, β-adrenergic receptor antagonism prevents anxiety-like behavior and microglial reactivity induced by repeated social defeat, J. Neurosci., 31, 6277, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0450-11.2011

Wohleb, , Re-establishment of anxiety in stress-sensitized mice is caused by monocyte trafficking from the spleen to the brain, Biol. Psychiatry, 75, 970, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.11.029

Wohleb, , Knockdown of interleukin-1 receptor type-1 on endothelial cells attenuated stress-induced neuroinflammation and prevented anxiety-like behavior, J. Neurosci., 34, 2583, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3723-13.2014

Wohleb, 2015, Monocyte trafficking to the brain with stress and inflammation: a novel axis of immune-to-brain communication that influences mood and behavior, Front. Neurosci., 8, 447, 10.3389/fnins.2014.00447

Wohleb, 2013, Stress-induced recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes to the brain promotes anxiety-like behavior, J. Neurosci., 33, 13820, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1671-13.2013