Tổng hợp vi sinh vật, tương tác, chức năng, hoạt động và đa dạng hóa: một đánh giá từ dữ liệu thành phần cộng đồng

Marine Life Science and Technology - Tập 1 Số 1 - Trang 112-128 - 2019
Jiwen Liu1,2, Zhe Meng2, Xiaoyue Liu2, Xiao‐Hua Zhang1,2
1Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
2MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtCác vi sinh vật đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc duy trì sự ổn định của hệ sinh thái. Hai thập kỷ qua đã chứng kiến một làn sóng gia tăng trong các nghiên cứu về thành phần cộng đồng vi sinh vật biển sử dụng các phương pháp giải trình tự gen độ phân giải cao. Việc khai thác sâu dữ liệu thành phần đã mang đến những hiểu biết mới thú vị về sinh thái học vi sinh vật biển từ nhiều góc độ khác nhau. Cả quá trình xác định và ngẫu nhiên đều góp phần vào việc hình thành cộng đồng vi sinh vật, nhưng tầm quan trọng tương đối của chúng trong việc cấu trúc các tiểu cộng đồng, được phân loại dựa trên các đặc tính như độ phong phú, loại chức năng và hoạt động, là khác nhau. Thông qua phân tích mạng dựa trên sự tương quan, đã có những tiến bộ đáng kể trong việc giải mã các kiểu mẫu và động lực đồng xuất hiện của vi sinh vật trong phản ứng với các thay đổi môi trường. Dự đoán chức năng hệ sinh thái dựa trên dữ liệu vi sinh vật đang nhận được sự quan tâm ngày càng tăng, vì các vi sinh vật có liên quan chặt chẽ thường chia sẻ các đặc tính sinh thái tương tự và đa dạng vi sinh vật thường cho thấy mối tương quan đáng kể với chức năng hệ sinh thái. Chức năng hệ sinh thái có thể không được thực hiện bởi toàn bộ cộng đồng, mà chủ yếu bởi một phần hoạt động của cộng đồng, điều này có thể được suy ra từ mức độ phiên mã gen đánh dấu của các thành viên trong cộng đồng. Hơn nữa, lượng dữ liệu về cộng đồng vi sinh vật khổng lồ đã mở rộng đáng kể cây sự sống và làm sáng tỏ sự khác biệt phylogenetic và lịch sử tiến hóa của vi sinh vật. Đánh giá này tóm tắt các phát hiện quan trọng trong việc hình thành vi sinh vật, tương tác, chức năng, hoạt động và đa dạng hóa, làm nổi bật các vai trò tương tác của các khía cạnh khác nhau, dựa trên dữ liệu thành phần cộng đồng.

Từ khóa


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