Micro-epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: Local risk factors associated with distribution of infections among schoolchildren and relevance for control

Acta Tropica - Tập 105 - Trang 45-54 - 2008
James W. Rudge1, J. Russell Stothard2, María-Gloria Basáñez1, Ali F. Mgeni3, I. Simba Khamis3, Alliepo N. Khamis3, David Rollinson2
1Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
2Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
3Helminth Control Laboratory Unguja, Helminth Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Tài liệu tham khảo

Akaike, 1973, Information criterion as an extension of the maximum likelihood principle, 267 Anderson, 1991 Bethony, 2004, Exposure to Schistosoma mansoni infection in a rural area in Brazil. Part III. Household aggregation of water-contact behaviour, Trop. Med. Int. Health, 9, 381, 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01203.x Booth, 2004, Micro-geographical variation in exposure to Schistosoma mansoni and malaria, and exacerbation of splenomegaly in Kenyan school-aged children, BMC Infect. Dis., 4, 13, 10.1186/1471-2334-4-13 Breslow, 1993, Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed models, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 88, 9 Brooker, 2001, The potential of rapid screening methods for Schistosoma mansoni in western Kenya, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 95, 343, 10.1080/00034980120063437 Brouwer, 2003, Epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma haematobium-induced kidney and bladder pathology in rural Zimbabwe, Acta Trop., 85, 339, 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00262-0 Chandiwana, 1991, Heterogeneities in water contact patterns and the epidemiology of Schistosoma haematobium, Parasitology, 103, 363, 10.1017/S0031182000059874 Clennon, 2006, Spatial and temporal variations in local transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Msambweni, Kenya, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 75, 1034, 10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.1034 Directorate of Overseas Surveys, 1982. 1:10,000 Map of Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania. Tolworth. DOS 208. El-Ayyat, 2003, Pattern of water contact activities in relation to S. mansoni infection in rural area in Giza Governorate, Egypt, J. Egypt Public Health Assoc., 78, 417 El-Khoby, 2000, The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: summary findings in nine governorates, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 62, 88, 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.88 Filipe, 2005, Human infection patterns and heterogeneous exposure in river blindness, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 15265, 10.1073/pnas.0502659102 Forsyth, 1966, Urological complications of endemic schistosomiasis in schoolchildren. Part 2. Donge school, Zanzibar, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 60, 568, 10.1016/0035-9203(66)90002-2 Fransden, 1984, An introductory guide to the identification of cercariae from African freshwater snails with special reference to cercariae of trematode species of medical and veterinary importance, Acta Trop., 41, 181 Friedman, 2001, Comparison of self-reported and observed water contact in an S. mansoni endemic village in Brazil, Acta Trop., 78, 251, 10.1016/S0001-706X(01)00094-8 Fulford, 1996, Water contact observations in Kenyan communities endemic for schistosomiasis: methodology and patterns of behaviour, Parasitology, 113, 223, 10.1017/S0031182000082007 Handzel, 2003, Geographic distribution of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Western Kenya: implications for anthelminthic mass treatment, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 69, 318, 10.4269/ajtmh.2003.69.318 Jordan, 1982 Kitron, 2006, Upscale or downscale: applications of fine scale remotely sensed data to Chagas disease in Argentina and schistosomiasis in Kenya, Geospatial Health, 1, 49, 10.4081/gh.2006.280 Kloos, 1997, Spatial patterns of human water contact and Schistosoma mansoni transmission and infection in four rural areas in Machakos District, Kenya, Soc. Sci. Med., 44, 949, 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00218-3 Lima e Costa, 1987, Water-contact patterns and socioeconomic variables in the epidemiology of schistosomiasis mansoni in an endemic area in Brazil, Bull. World Health Organ., 65, 57 Livingston, 2000, Percentage of burned body surface area determination in obese and nonobese patients, J. Surg. Res., 91, 106, 10.1006/jsre.2000.5909 N’Goran, 2003, Efficacy and side-effects of two praziquantel treatments against Schistosoma haematobium infection, among schoolchildren from Côte d’Ivoire, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 97, 37, 10.1179/000349803125002553 Okwuosa, 1993, Toxicity of washing soaps to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and effects of sublethal concentrations on infectivity in mice, Appl. Parasitol., 34, 69 Raso, 2005, Spatial risk prediction and mapping of Schistosoma mansoni infections among schoolchildren living in western Côte d’Ivoire, Parasitology, 131, 97, 10.1017/S0031182005007432 Ross, 1998, Measuring exposure to S. japonicum in China. I. Activity diaries to assess water contact and comparison to other measures, Acta Trop., 71, 213, 10.1016/S0001-706X(98)00063-1 Saathoff, 2004, Patterns of Schistosoma haematobium infection, impact of praziquantel treatment and re-infection after treatment in a cohort of schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal/South Africa, BMC Infect. Dis., 4, 40, 10.1186/1471-2334-4-40 Scott, 2003, Human water contacts patterns in Schistosoma mansoni epidemic foci in northern Senegal change according to age, sex and place of residence, but are not related to intensity of infection, Trop. Med. Int. Health, 8, 100, 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.00993.x Stensgaard, 2006, Modeling freshwater snail habitat suitability and areas of potential snail-borne disease transmission in Uganda, Geospatial Health, 1, 93, 10.4081/gh.2006.284 Stothard, 2000, The transmission status of Bulinus on Zanzibar Island (Unguja), with implications for control of urinary schistosomiasis, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 94, 87, 10.1080/00034980057653 Stothard, 2002, New insights into the transmission biology of urinary schistosomiasis in Zanzibar, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 96, 470, 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90406-2 Stothard, 2002, Urinary schistosomiasis in schoolchildren on Zanzibar Island (Unguja) Tanzania: a parasitological survey supplemented with questionnaires, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 96, 507, 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90421-9 Stothard, 2006, Control of urinary schistosomiasis on Zanzibar (Unguja Island): a pilot evaluation of the educational impact of the Juma na Kichocho health education booklet within primary schools, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 101, 119, 10.1590/S0074-02762006000900019 Tan, 2004, Rapid screening method for Schistosoma japonicum infection using questionnaires in flood area of the People's Republic of China, Acta Trop., 90, 1, 10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.09.008 Tchuenté, 2004, Efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium infection in children, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 71, 778, 10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.778 Useh, 1999, Modification of behaviour and attitude in the control of schistosomiasis. 1. Observations on water-contact patterns and perception of infection, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 93, 711, 10.1080/00034989957961 Utzinger, 2000, Simple anamnestic questions and recalled water-contact patterns for self-diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection among schoolchildren in western Côte d’Ivoire, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 62, 649, 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.649 WHO, 1991 WHO, 1998 WHO, 2002. Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser. 912, i-57. Woolhouse, 1997, Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programs, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 338, 10.1073/pnas.94.1.338