Mice with Mutations in the HPA-System as Models for Symptoms of Depression

Biological Psychiatry - Tập 59 - Trang 1104-1115 - 2006
Marianne B. Müller1, Florian Holsboer2
1Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
2Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany

Tài liệu tham khảo

Almeida, 2000, Subtle shifts in the ratio between pro- and antiapoptotic molecules after activation of corticosteroid receptors decide neuronal fate, FASEB J, 14, 779, 10.1096/fasebj.14.5.779 Alonso, 2004, Blockade of CRF1 or V1b receptors reverses stress-induced suppression of neurogenesis in a mouse model of depression, Mol Psychiatry, 9, 278, 10.1038/sj.mp.4001464 Andrews, 2004, Developmental regulation of the 5-HT7 serotonin receptor and transcription factor NGFI-A in the fetal guinea-pig limbic system, J Physiol, 555, 659, 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.056705 Bale, 2000, Mice deficient for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2 display anxiety-like behaviour and are hypersensitive to stress, Nature Genet, 24, 410, 10.1038/74263 Bale, 2002, Mice deficient for both corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) and CRFR2 have an impaired stress response and display sexually dichotomous anxiety-like behavior, J Neurosci, 22, 193, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-01-00193.2002 Bale, 2003, Increased depression-like behaviors in corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-2-deficient mice, J Neurosci, 23, 5295, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05295.2003 Bale, 2004, CRF and CRF receptors, Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 44, 525, 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121410 Barden, 1997, Endocrine profile and neuroendocrine challenge tests in transgenic mice expressing antisense RNA against the glucocorticoid receptor, Neuroendocrinology, 66, 212, 10.1159/000127240 Bayatti, 2005, Corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated induction of intracellular signaling pathways and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression is inhibited by the activation of the endocannabinoid system, Endocrinology, 146, 1205, 10.1210/en.2004-1154 Beato, 1995, Steroid hormone receptors, Cell, 83, 851, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90201-5 Belanoff, 2002, An open label trial of C-1073 (mifepristone) for psychotic major depression, Biol Psychiatry, 52, 386, 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01432-4 Bielsky, 2004, Profound impairment in social recognition and reduction in anxiety-like behavior in vasopressin via receptor knockout mice, Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 483, 10.1038/sj.npp.1300360 Binder, 2004, Polymorphisms in FKBP5 are associated with increased recurrence of depressive episodes and rapid response to antidepressant treatment, Nat Genet, 1 Boyle, 2005, Acquired deficit of forebrain glucocorticoid receptor produces depression-like changes in adrenal axis regulation and behavior, Proc Acad Natl Sci USA, 102, 473, 10.1073/pnas.0406458102 Brady, 1991, Long-term antidepressant administration alters corticotrophin-releasing hormone, tyrosine hydroxylase, and mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression in the rat brain, J Clin Invest, 87, 831, 10.1172/JCI115086 Cole, 2001, GR KO mice express an aberrant dexamethasone-binding glucocorticoid receptor, but are profoundly glucocorticoid resistant, Mol Cell Endocrinol, 173, 193, 10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00407-X Cole, 1995, Targeted disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene blocks adrenergic chromaffin cell development and severely retards lung maturation, Genes Dev, 9, 1608, 10.1101/gad.9.13.1608 Coplan, 1996, Persistent elevations of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotrophin-releasing factor in adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors, Neurobiology, 93, 1619 Coste, 2000, Abnormal adaptations to stress and impaired cardiovascular function in mice lacking corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2, Nat Genet, 24, 403, 10.1038/74255 Crabbe, 1999, Genetics of mouse behavior, Science, 284, 1670, 10.1126/science.284.5420.1670 Dirks, 2002, Overexpression of corticotropin-releasing hormone in transgenic mice and chronic stress-like autonomic and physiological alterations, Eur J Neurosci, 16, 1751, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02245.x Dirks, 2002, Reduced startle reactivity and plasticity in transgenic mice overexpressing corticotropin-releasing hormone, Biol Psychiatry, 51, 583, 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01323-3 Dunn, 1990, Physiological and behavioral responses to corticotropin-releasing factor administration, Brain Res Rev, 15, 71, 10.1016/0165-0173(90)90012-D Dunn, 1999, Behavioral responses to stress are intact in CRF-deficient mice, Brain Res, 845, 14, 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01912-5 Fagiolini, 2003, Is treatment-resistant depression a unique subtype of depression?, Biol Psychiatry, 54, 640, 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01670-0 Farisse, 1999, Regional serotonin metabolism under basal and restraint stress conditions in the brain of transgenic mice with impaired glucocorticoid receptor function, Neuroendocrinology, 70, 413, 10.1159/000054503 van Gaalen, 2002, Effects of transgenic overproduction of CRH on anxiety-like behaviour, Eur J Neurosci, 15, 2007, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02040.x Gass, 2000, Genetic disruption of mineralocorticoid receptor leads to impaired neurogenesis and granule cell degeneration in the hippocampus of adult mice, EMBO Reports, 1, 447, 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd088 Geyer, 2002, The role of preclinical models in the development of psychotropic drugs, 445 Givalois, 2004, Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptors in the median eminence cells with sensitivity to stress, Endocrinology, 145, 4737, 10.1210/en.2004-0616 Griebel, 2002, Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of the non-peptide vasopressin V1b receptor antagonist, SSR149415, suggest an innovative approach for the treatment of stress-related disorders, Proc Acad Natl Sci, 99, 6370, 10.1073/pnas.092012099 Griebel, 2005, Non-peptide vasopressin V1b receptor antagonists as potential drugs for the treatment of stress-related disorders, Curr Pharmaceutical Design, 11, 1549, 10.2174/1381612053764797 Groenink, 2002, HPA axis dysregulation in mice overexpressing corticotropin releasing hormone, Biol Psychiatry, 51, 875, 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01334-3 Groenink, 2003, 5-HT1A receptor knockout mice and mice overexpressing corticotropin-releasing hormone in models of anxiety, Eur J Pharmacol, 463, 185, 10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01281-0 Guillon, 2004, The discovery of novel vasopressin V1b receptor ligands for pharmacological, functional and structural investigations, J Neuroendocrinol, 16, 356, 10.1111/j.0953-8194.2004.01163.x Heim, 2001, The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders, Biol Psychiatry, 49, 1023, 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01157-X Heinrichs, 1997, Corticotropin-releasing factor CRF1, but not CRF2, receptors mediate anxiogenic-like behavior, Regul Pept, 71, 15, 10.1016/S0167-0115(97)01005-7 Heinrichs, 1997, Anti-sexual and anxiogenic behavioral consequences of corticotropin-releasing factor overexpression are centrally mediated, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 22, 215, 10.1016/S0306-4530(97)00030-9 Hökfelt, 2003, Neuropeptides, Lancet Neurol, 2, 463, 10.1016/S1474-4422(03)00482-4 Holsboer, 1984, Corticotropin-releasing-factor induced pituitary-adrenal response in depression, Lancet, 1, 55, 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)90225-3 Holsboer, 1999, The rationale for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRH-R) antagonists to treat depression and anxiety, J Psychiatr Res, 33, 181, 10.1016/S0022-3956(98)90056-5 Holsboer, 2000, The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression, Neuropsychopharmacology, 23, 477, 10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00159-7 Holsboer, 1996, Antidepressants and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical regulation, Endocr Rev, 17, 187, 10.1210/edrv-17-2-187 Holsboer, 1995, Altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical regulation in healthy subjects at high familial risk for affective disorders, Neuroendocrinology, 62, 340, 10.1159/000127023 Hsu, 2001, Human stresscopin and stresscopin-related peptide are selective ligands for the type 2 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor, Nat Med, 7, 605, 10.1038/87936 Huang, 2005, Serotonin modulates the suppressive effects of corticosterone on proliferating progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the adult rat, Neuropsychopharmacology, 30, 231, 10.1038/sj.npp.1300609 Itoi, 2004, Regulatory mechanisms of corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin gene expression in the hypothalamus, J Neuroendocrinol, 16, 348, 10.1111/j.0953-8194.2004.01172.x Ivy, 2003, Noradrenergic and serotonergic blockade inhibits BDNF mRNA activation following exercise and antidepressant, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 75, 81, 10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00044-3 Jacobson, 2000, CRH deficiency impairs but does not block pituitary-adrenal responses to diverse stressors, Neuroendocrinology, 71, 79, 10.1159/000054524 Jang, 2004, Heritability of individual depressive symptoms, J Affective Disorders, 80, 125, 10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00108-3 Karten, 1999, Long-term exposure to high corticosterone levels attenuates serotonin responses in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons, Proc Acad Natl Sci USA, 96, 13456, 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13456 Kaufer, 2004, Restructuring the neuronal stress response with anti-glucocorticoid gene delivery, Nat Neurosci, 7, 947, 10.1038/nn1296 Keck, 2004, Mouse mutants for the study of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor function, Ann NY Acad Sci, 1018, 445, 10.1196/annals.1296.055 Keck, 2005, Listening to mutant mice, Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 29, 867, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.003 Kessler, 2003, The epidemiology of major depressive disorder, J.A.M.A., 289, 3095, 10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 Kishimoto, 2000, Deletion of CRHR2 reveals an anxiolytic role for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2, Nat Genet, 24, 415, 10.1038/74271 Klein, 1990, The trkB tyrosine protein kinase gene codes for a second neurogenic receptor that lacks the catalytic kinase domain, Cell, 61, 647, 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90476-U de Kloet, 2005, Stress and the brain, Nature Rev Neurosci, 6, 463, 10.1038/nrn1683 de Kloet, 1998, Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease, Endocr Rev, 19, 269 Kunugi, 2005, Assessment of the dexamethasone/CRH test as a state-dependent marker for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis abnormalities in major depressive episode, Neuropsychopharmacology, 1 Kuwahara, 2003, Regulation of vasopressin gene expression by cAMP and glucocorticoids in parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus in rat hypothalamic organotypic cultures, J Neurosci, 23, 10231, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-32-10231.2003 Landgraf, 1995, V1 vasopressin receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into septum reduces vasopressin binding, social discrimination abilities, and anxiety-related behavior in rats, J Neurosci, 15, 4250, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-06-04250.1995 Laplante, 2002, Serotonin regulates hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression via a 5-HT7 receptor, Brain Res Dev Brain Res, 139, 199, 10.1016/S0165-3806(02)00550-3 Levine, 1994, The ontogeny of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The influence of maternal factors, Ann NY Acad Sci, 746, 275, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb39245.x Lewis, 2001, Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor, Proc Acad Natl Sci, 98, 7570, 10.1073/pnas.121165198 Liebsch, 1995, Chronic infusion of a CRH1 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into the central nucleus of the amygdala reduced anxiety-related behavior in socially defeated rats, Regul Pept, 59, 229, 10.1016/0167-0115(95)00099-W López, 1998, Regulation of serotonin1A, glucocorticoid, and mineralocorticoid receptor in rat and human hippocampus, Biol Psychiatry, 43, 547, 10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00484-8 Maccarrone, 2005, In-depth analysis of the human CSF Proteome using protein prefractionation, Clin Proteomics, 1, 333, 10.1385/CP:1:3-4:333 Mamourias, 1995, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes the survival and sprouting of serotonergic axons in rat brain, J Neurosci, 15, 7929, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-12-07929.1995 McCormick, 2000, 5’Heterogeneity of glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA is tissue specific, Mol Endocrinol, 14, 506 McEwen, 2001, Invited review: estrogens effects on the brain: multiple sites and molecular mechanisms, J Appl Physiol, 91, 2785, 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.6.2785 Meaney, 2001, Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations, Annu Rev Neurosci, 24, 1161, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1161 Modell, 1997, Corticosteroid receptor function is decreased in depressed patients, Neuroendocrinology, 65, 216, 10.1159/000127275 Modell, 1998, Hormonal response pattern in the combined DEX-CRH test is stable over time in subjects at high familiar risk for affective disorders, Neuropsychopharmacology, 18, 253, 10.1016/S0893-133X(97)00144-9 Montkowski, 1995, Long-term antidepressant treatment reduces behavioural deficits in transgenic mice with impaired glucocorticoid receptor function, J Neuroendocrinol, 7, 841, 10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00724.x Muglia, 1995, Corticotropin-releasing hormone deficiency reveals major fetal but not adult glucocorticoid need, Nature, 373, 427, 10.1038/373427a0 Müller, 2000, Selective activation of the hypothalamic vasopressinergic system in mice deficient for the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 is dependent on glucocorticoids, Endocrinology, 141, 4262, 10.1210/endo.141.11.7767 Müller, 2003, Limbic corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 mediates anxiety-related behavior and hormonal adaptation to stress, Nature Neurosci, 6, 1100, 10.1038/nn1123 Müller, 2002, Genetically engineered mice for studies of stress-related clinical conditions, J Psychiatr Res, 36, 53, 10.1016/S0022-3956(01)00049-8 Müller, 2001, Neither major depression nor glucocorticoid treatment affects the cellular integrity of the human hippocampus, Eur J Neurosci, 14, 1603, 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01784.x Murgatroyd, 2004, Impaired repression at a vasopressin promoter polymorphism underlies overexpression of vasopressin in a rat model of trait anxiety, J Neurosci, 24, 7762, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1614-04.2004 Neumeister, 2005, Reduced hippocampal volume in unmedicated, remitted patients with major depression versus control subjects, Biol Psychiatry, 57, 935, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.016 Nibuya, 1995, Regulation of BDNF and trkB mRNA in rat brain by chronic electroconvulsive seizure and antidepressant drug treatments, J Neurosci, 15, 7539, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-11-07539.1995 Oitzl, 1997, Spatial learning deficits in mice with a targeted glucocoeticoid receptor gene disruption, Eur J Neurosci, 9, 2284, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01646.x Oitzl, 2001, Point mutation in the mouse glucocorticoid receptor preventing DNA binding impairs spatial memory, Proc Acad Natl Sci USA, 98, 12790, 10.1073/pnas.231313998 Oshima, 2003, Altered serotonergic neurotransmission but normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity in mice chronically treated with the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type I antagonist NBI 30775, Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 2148, 10.1038/sj.npp.1300267 Owens, 1991, Physiology and pharmacology of corticotropin releasing factor, Pharmacol Rev, 43, 425 Patel, 2000, Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in squirrel monkey brain, J Psychiatr Res, 34, 383, 10.1016/S0022-3956(00)00035-2 Pelleymounter, 2004, Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III, Peptides, 25, 659, 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.01.008 Peñalva, 2002, Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1-deficiency enhances hippocampal serotonergic neurotransmission, Neuroscience, 109, 253, 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00475-4 Pepin, 1992, Impaired type II glucocorticoid-receptor function in mice bearing antisense RNA transgene, Nature, 355, 725, 10.1038/355725a0 Pepin, 1992, Antidepressant drug action in a transgenic mouse model of the endocrine changes seen in depression, Mol Pharmacol, 42, 991 Preil, 2001, Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in mice deficient for CRH receptors 1 and 2, Endocrinology, 142, 4946, 10.1210/endo.142.11.8507 Rattiner, 2004, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase receptor B involvement in amygdala-dependent fear conditioning, J Neurosci, 24, 4796, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5654-03.2004 Raadsheer, 1994, Increased number of corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of depressed patients, Neuroendocrinology, 60, 436, 10.1159/000126778 Refojo, 2005, Corticotropin-releasing hormone activates ERK1/2 MAPK in specific brain areas, Proc Acad Natl Sci USA, 102, 6183, 10.1073/pnas.0502070102 Reichhardt, 1998, DNA binding of the glucocorticoid receptor is not essential for survival, Cell, 93, 531, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81183-6 Reichardt, 2000, Mice with an increased glucocorticoid receptor gene dosage show enhanced resistance to stress and endotoxic shock, Mol Cell Biol, 20, 9009, 10.1128/MCB.20.23.9009-9017.2000 Reul, 2000, The brain mineralocorticoid receptor, Eur J Pharmacol, 405, 235, 10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00677-4 Reul, 1994, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis changes in the rat after long-term treatment with the reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor moclobemide, Neuroendocrinology, 60, 509, 10.1159/000126788 Reul, 1993, Chronic treatment of rats with the antidepressant amitriptyline attenuates the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system, Endocrinology, 133, 312, 10.1210/endo.133.1.8391426 Reyes, 2001, Urocortin II, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98, 2843, 10.1073/pnas.051626398 Ridder, 2005, Mice with genetically altered glucocorticoid receptor expression show altered sensitivity for stress-induced depressive reactions, J Neurosci, 25, 6243, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0736-05.2005 Saarelainen, 2003, Activation of the trkB neurotrophin receptor is induced by antidepressant drugs and is required for antidepressant-induced behavioral effects, J Neurosci, 23, 349, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-01-00349.2003 Santarelli, 2003, Requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of antidepressants, Science, 301, 805, 10.1126/science.1083328 Schaaf, 1997, Corticosterone regulates expression of BDNF and trkB but not NT-3 and trkC mRNA in the rat hippocampus, J Neurosci Res, 48, 334, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19970515)48:4<334::AID-JNR5>3.0.CO;2-C Smith, 1995, Stress alters the express of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNAs in the hippocampus, J Neurosci, 15, 1768, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-03-01768.1995 Smith, 1998, Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1-deficient mice display decreased anxiety, impaired stress response, and aberrant neuroendocrine development, Neuron, 20, 1093, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80491-2 Stec, 1994, Dexamethasone non-suppression in transgenic mice expressing antisense RNA to the glucocorticoid receptor, J Psychiatr Res, 28, 1, 10.1016/0022-3956(94)90031-0 Steckler, 1999, Enhanced conditioned approach responses in transgenic mice with impaired glucocorticoid receptor function, Behav Brain Res, 102, 151, 10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00003-0 Steckler, 2001, Effects of the monoamine oxidase A inhibitor moclobemide on hippocampal long-term plasticity in GR-impaired transgenic mice, J Psychiatr Res, 35, 29, 10.1016/S0022-3956(00)00040-6 Szyf, 2001, Towards a pharmacology of DNA methylation, Trends Pharmacol, 22, 350, 10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01713-2 Stenzel-Poore, 1992, Development of Cushing’s syndrome in corticotropin-releasing factor transgenic mice, Endocrinology, 130, 3378, 10.1210/endo.130.6.1597149 Stenzel-Poore, 1994, Overproduction of corticotropin-releasing factor in transgenic mice, J Neurosci, 14, 2579, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-05-02579.1994 Thoenen, 1995, Neurotrophins and neuronal plasticity, Science, 270, 593, 10.1126/science.270.5236.593 Timpl, 1998, Impaired stress response and reduced anxiety in mice lacking a functional corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1, Nat Genet, 19, 162, 10.1038/520 Trapp, 1994, Heterodimerization between mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor, Neuron, 13, 1457, 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90431-6 Tronche, 1999, Disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the nervous system results in reduced anxiety, Nat Genet, 23, 99, 10.1038/12703 Vaughan, 1995, Urocortin, a mammalian neuropeptide related to fish urotensin I and to corticotropin-releasing factor, Nature, 378, 287, 10.1038/378287a0 Venihaki, 2002, Lessons from CRH knockout mice, Neuropeptides, 36, 96, 10.1054/npep.2002.0906 Vetter, 2002, Urocortin-deficient mice show hearing impairment and increased anxiety-like behavior, Nat Genet, 31, 363, 10.1038/ng914 Videbeck, 2004, Hippocampal volume and depression, Am J Psychiatry, 161, 1957, 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.1957 von Bardeleben, 1985, Combined adminstration of human corticotropin-releasing factor and lysine vasopressin induces cortisol escape from dexamethasone suppression in healthy subjects, Life Sci, 37, 1613, 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90480-1 Wang, 2002, Urocortin-deficient mice display normal stress-induced anxiety behavior and autonomic control but an impaired acoustic startle response, Mol Cell Biol, 22, 6605, 10.1128/MCB.22.18.6605-6610.2002 Weaver, 2004, Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior, Nat Neurosci, 7, 847, 10.1038/nn1276 Wei, 2004, Glucocorticoid receptor overexpression in forebrain, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, 11851, 10.1073/pnas.0402208101 Weninger, 1999, Stress-induced behaviors require the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor, but not CRH, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 96, 8283, 10.1073/pnas.96.14.8283 Wersinger, 2002, Vasopressin V1b receptor knockout reduces aggressive behavior in male mice, Mol Psychiatry, 7, 975, 10.1038/sj.mp.4001195 Wigger, 2004, Alterations in central neuropeptide expression, release, and receptor binding in rats bred for high anxiety, Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 1, 10.1038/sj.npp.1300290 Yehuda, 2002, Post-traumatic stress disorder, N Engl J Med, 346, 108, 10.1056/NEJMra012941 Zhao, 2005, Navigating the chaperone network, Cell, 120, 715, 10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.024 Zobel, 2000, Effects of the high-affinity corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist R121919 in major depression, J Psychiatr Res, 34, 171, 10.1016/S0022-3956(00)00016-9