Mice Lacking Natural Killer T Cells Are More Susceptible to Metabolic Alterations following High Fat Diet Feeding

CN Lumeng, 2007, Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization, J Clin Invest, 117, 175, 10.1172/JCI29881

H Sell, 2012, Adaptive immunity in obesity and insulin resistance, Nat Rev Endocrinol

Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, <etal>et al</etal>.. (2003) Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest <volume>112</volume>: : 1796–1808. PubMed: 14679176.

H Xu, 2003, Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance, J Clin Invest, 112, 1821, 10.1172/JCI200319451

D Wu, 2011, Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis, Science, 332, 243, 10.1126/science.1201475

M Feuerer, 2009, Lean, but not obese, fat is enriched for a unique population of regulatory T cells that affect metabolic parameters, Nat Med, 15, 930, 10.1038/nm.2002

CN Lumeng, 2011, Aging is associated with an increase in T cells and inflammatory macrophages in visceral adipose tissue, J Immunol, 187, 6208, 10.4049/jimmunol.1102188

B Gao, 2009, Liver natural killer and natural killer T cells: immunobiology and emerging roles in liver diseases, J Leukoc Biol, 86, 513, 10.1189/JLB.0309135

MA Exley, 2004, To be or not to be NKT: natural killer T cells in the liver, Hepatology, 40, 1033, 10.1002/hep.20433

DI Godfrey, 2000, NKT cells: facts, functions and fallacies, Immunol Today, 21, 573, 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01735-7

DI Godfrey, 2004, NKT cells: what&apos;s in a name?, Nat Rev Immunol, 4, 231, 10.1038/nri1309

O Park, 2009, Diverse roles of invariant natural killer T cells in liver injury and fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride, Hepatology, 49, 1683, 10.1002/hep.22813

E Durante-Mangoni, 2004, Hepatic CD1d expression in hepatitis C virus infection and recognition by resident proinflammatory CD1d-reactive T cells, J Immunol, 173, 2159, 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.2159

M Guebre-Xabier, 2000, Altered hepatic lymphocyte subpopulations in obesity-related murine fatty livers: potential mechanism for sensitization to liver damage. Hepatology 31: 633–640, PubMed, 10706553

L Yang, 2007, Endoplasmic reticulum stress, hepatocyte CD1d and NKT cell abnormalities in murine fatty livers. Lab Invest 87: 927–937, PubMed, 17607300

ME Kotas, 2011, Impact of CD1d deficiency on metabolism, PLoS One, 6, e25478, 10.1371/journal.pone.0025478

E Elinav, 2006, Adoptive transfer of regulatory NKT lymphocytes ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in ob/ob mice and is associated with intrahepatic CD8 trapping, J Pathol, 209, 121, 10.1002/path.1950

L Lynch, 2012, Adipose Tissue Invariant NKT Cells Protect against Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disorder through Regulatory Cytokine Production, Immunity, 37, 574, 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.06.016

M Margalit, 2006, Glucocerebroside ameliorates the metabolic syndrome in OB/OB mice, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 319, 105, 10.1124/jpet.106.104950

Z Li, 2004, Norepinephrine regulates hepatic innate immune system in leptin-deficient mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Hepatology, 40, 434, 10.1002/hep.20320

K Tajiri, 2009, Role of liver-infiltrating CD3+CD56+ natural killer T cells in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 21, 673, 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32831bc3d6

L Wu, 2012, Activation of invariant natural killer T cells by lipid excess promotes tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obese mice, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109, E1143, 10.1073/pnas.1200498109

JF Fearnside, 2008, Phylometabonomic patterns of adaptation to high fat diet feeding in inbred mice, PLoS One, 3, e1668, 10.1371/journal.pone.0001668

J Folch, 1957, A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues, J Biol Chem, 226, 497, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5

R Koopman, 2001, Optimisation of oil red O staining permits combination with immunofluorescence and automated quantification of lipids, Histochem Cell Biol, 116, 63, 10.1007/s004180100297

DR Jensen, 2001, A self-correcting indirect calorimeter system for the measurement of energy balance in small animals, J Appl Physiol, 90, 912, 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.3.912

MP Holt, 2008, Identification and characterization of infiltrating macrophages in acetaminophen-induced liver injury, J Leukoc Biol, 84, 1410, 10.1189/jlb.0308173

MS Madhur, 2011, Role of interleukin 17 in inflammation, atherosclerosis, and vascular function in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 31, 1565, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.227629

C Erbel, 2009, Inhibition of IL-17A attenuates atherosclerotic lesion development in apoE-deficient mice, J Immunol, 183, 8167, 10.4049/jimmunol.0901126

X Cheng, 2008, The Th17/Treg imbalance in patients with acute coronary syndrome, Clin Immunol, 127, 89, 10.1016/j.clim.2008.01.009

M Bourdi, 2007, Role of IL-6 in an IL-10 and IL-4 double knockout mouse model uniquely susceptible to acetaminophen-induced liver injury, Chem Res Toxicol, 20, 208, 10.1021/tx060228l

SH Koo, 2004, PGC-1 promotes insulin resistance in liver through PPAR-alpha-dependent induction of TRB-3, Nat Med, 10, 530, 10.1038/nm1044

D Cai, 2011, Hypothalamic inflammation: a double-edged sword to nutritional diseases, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1243, E1, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06388.x

DT Umetsu, 2012, Early exposure to germs and the Hygiene Hypothesis, Cell Res, 22, 1210, 10.1038/cr.2012.65

BS Mantell, 2011, Mice lacking NKT cells but with a complete complement of CD8+ T-cells are not protected against the metabolic abnormalities of diet-induced obesity, PLoS One, 6, e19831, 10.1371/journal.pone.0019831

T Miyagi, 2010, Absence of invariant natural killer T cells deteriorates liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice fed high-fat diet, J Gastroenterol, 45, 1247, 10.1007/s00535-010-0272-y

M Satoh, 2012, Type II NKT cells stimulate diet-induced obesity by mediating adipose tissue inflammation, steatohepatitis and insulin resistance, PLoS One, 7, e30568, 10.1371/journal.pone.0030568

Y Ji, 2012, Short Term High Fat Diet Challenge Promotes Alternative Macrophage Polarization in Adipose Tissue via Natural Killer T Cells and Interleukin-4, J Biol Chem, 287, 24378, 10.1074/jbc.M112.371807

HS Schipper, 2012, Natural killer T cells in adipose tissue prevent insulin resistance, J Clin Invest, 122, 3343, 10.1172/JCI62739

J Alexander, 2006, Distinct phenotypes of obesity-prone AKR/J, DBA2J and C57BL/6J mice compared to control strains, Int J Obes (Lond), 30, 50, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803110

B Omar, 2012, Differential development of glucose intolerance and pancreatic islet adaptation in multiple diet induced obesity models, Nutrients, 4, 1367, 10.3390/nu4101367

Q You, 2006, Role of neutrophils in a mouse model of halothane-induced liver injury, Hepatology, 44, 1421, 10.1002/hep.21425

S Gaupp, 2003, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in CCR2(-/-) mice: susceptibility in multiple strains, Am J Pathol, 162, 139, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63805-9

JD Guida, 1995, Mouse adenovirus type 1 causes a fatal hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis in adult C57BL/6 but not BALB/c mice, J Virol, 69, 7674, 10.1128/JVI.69.12.7674-7681.1995

S Niewiesk, 1993, Susceptibility to measles virus-induced encephalitis in mice correlates with impaired antigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes, J Virol, 67, 75, 10.1128/JVI.67.1.75-81.1993

GJ Brenner, 1994, Similar immune response to nonlethal infection with herpes simplex virus-1 in sensitive (BALB/c) and resistant (C57BL/6) strains of mice, Cell Immunol, 157, 510, 10.1006/cimm.1994.1246

A Monroy-Ostria, 1994, Infection of BALB/c, C57B1/6 mice and F1 hybrid CB6F1 mice with strains of Leishmania mexicana isolated from Mexican patients with localized or diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, Arch Med Res, 25, 401

P Scott, 1988, Immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. T cell lines that transfer protective immunity or exacerbation belong to different T helper subsets and respond to distinct parasite antigens, J Exp Med, 168, 1675, 10.1084/jem.168.5.1675

FP Heinzel, 1989, Reciprocal expression of interferon gamma or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis. Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets, J Exp Med, 169, 59, 10.1084/jem.169.1.59

JM Werner, 2011, DX5+NKT cells display phenotypical and functional differences between spleen and liver as well as NK1.1-Balb/c and NK1.1+ C57Bl/6 mice, BMC Immunol, 12, 26, 10.1186/1471-2172-12-26

D Lai, 2011, KLF13 sustains thymic memory-like CD8(+) T cells in BALB/c mice by regulating IL-4-generating invariant natural killer T cells, J Exp Med, 208, 1093, 10.1084/jem.20101527

RR Ricardo-Gonzalez, 2010, IL-4/STAT6 immune axis regulates peripheral nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 22617, 10.1073/pnas.1009152108

KD Nguyen, 2011, Alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamines to sustain adaptive thermogenesis, Nature, 480, 104, 10.1038/nature10653

Y Ji, 2012, Short Term High Fat Diet Challenge Promotes Alternative Macrophage Polarization in Adipose Tissue via Natural Killer T Cells and Interleukin-4, J Biol Chem, 287, 24378, 10.1074/jbc.M112.371807

M Maachi, 2004, Systemic low-grade inflammation is related to both circulating and adipose tissue TNFalpha, leptin and IL-6 levels in obese women, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28, 993, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802718

JP Bastard, 2000, Elevated levels of interleukin 6 are reduced in serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women after weight loss, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 3338

K Nonogaki, 1995, Interleukin-6 stimulates hepatic triglyceride secretion in rats, Endocrinology, 136, 2143, 10.1210/endo.136.5.7720663

C Tsigos, 1997, Dose-dependent effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 on glucose regulation, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 4167, 10.1210/jcem.82.12.4422

V Wallenius, 2002, Interleukin-6-deficient mice develop mature-onset obesity, Nat Med, 8, 75, 10.1038/nm0102-75

KJ Hammond, 1998, alpha/beta-T cell receptor (TCR)+CD4-CD8- (NKT) thymocytes prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in nonobese diabetic (NOD)/Lt mice by the influence of interleukin (IL)-4 and/or IL-10, J Exp Med, 187, 1047, 10.1084/jem.187.7.1047

LD Poulton, 2001, Cytometric and functional analyses of NK and NKT cell deficiencies in NOD mice, Int Immunol, 13, 887, 10.1093/intimm/13.7.887

J Novak, 2007, Regulation of type 1 diabetes by NKT cells, Int Rev Immunol, 26, 49, 10.1080/08830180601070229