Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
IARC. Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide GLOBOCAN 2012. http://gco.iarc.fr/
Malvezzi, 2017, European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2017, with focus on lung cancer, Ann Oncol, 28, 1117, 10.1093/annonc/mdx033
Jemal, 2017, Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2014, Featuring Survival, J Natl Cancer Inst, 109, 10.1093/jnci/djx030
Forman, 2013
Ordonez-Mena, 2016, Quantification of the smoking-associated cancer risk with rate advancement periods: meta-analysis of individual participant data from cohorts of the CHANCES consortium, BMC Med, 14, 62, 10.1186/s12916-016-0607-5
Malvezzi, 2013, European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2013, Ann Oncol, 24, 792, 10.1093/annonc/mdt010
Jemal, 2012, Increasing lung cancer death rates among young women in southern and midwestern States, J Clin Oncol, 30, 2739, 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.6098
Hashim, 2016, The global decrease in cancer mortality: trends and disparities, Ann Oncol, 27, 926, 10.1093/annonc/mdw027
Malhotra, 2016, Risk factors for lung cancer worldwide, Eur Respir J, 48, 889, 10.1183/13993003.00359-2016
Novello, 2014
McCarthy, 2012, Chapter 6: Lung cancer in never smokers: epidemiology and risk prediction models, Risk Anal, 32, S69., 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01768.x
Toh, 2006, Never-smokers with lung cancer: epidemiologic evidence of a distinct disease entity, J Clin Oncol, 24, 2245, 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.8033
Couraud, 2015, BioCAST/IFCT-1002: epidemiological and molecular features of lung cancer in never-smokers, Eur Respir J, 45, 1403, 10.1183/09031936.00097214
Malhotra, 2017, Association between Cigar or pipe smoking and cancer risk in men: a pooled analysis of five Cohort studies, Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 10, 704, 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-17-0084
Lorenzo Bermejo, 2005, Familial lung cancer and aggregation of smoking habits: a simulation of the effect of shared environmental factors on the familial risk of cancer, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 14, 1738, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0201
Mucci, 2016, Familial risk and heritability of cancer among twins in Nordic Countries, JAMA, 315, 68, 10.1001/jama.2015.17703
Timofeeva, 2012, Influence of common genetic variation on lung cancer risk: meta-analysis of 14 900 cases and 29 485 controls, Hum Mol Genet, 21, 4980, 10.1093/hmg/dds334
Wang, 2014, Rare variants of large effect in BRCA2 and CHEK2 affect risk of lung cancer, Nat Genet, 46, 736, 10.1038/ng.3002
McKay, 2017, Large-scale association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci and heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across histological subtypes, Nat Genet, 49, 1126, 10.1038/ng.3892
Freeman, 2010, The effect of a multidisciplinary thoracic malignancy conference on the treatment of patients with lung cancer, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 38, 1, 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.01.051
Forrest, 2005, An evaluation of the impact of a multidisciplinary team, in a single centre, on treatment and survival in patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer, Br J Cancer, 93, 977, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602825
Schmidt, 2015, Thoracic multidisciplinary tumor board routinely impacts therapeutic plans in patients with lung and esophageal cancer: a prospective cohort study, Ann Thorac Surg, 99, 1719, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.11.019
Ost, 2016, Diagnostic yield and complications of bronchoscopy for peripheral lung lesions. Results of the AQuIRE Registry, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 193, 68, 10.1164/rccm.201507-1332OC
Rivera, 2013, Establishing the diagnosis of lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, Chest, 143, e142S, 10.1378/chest.12-2353
van der Drift, 2005, A prospective study of the timing and cost-effectiveness of bronchial washing during bronchoscopy for pulmonary malignant tumors, Chest, 128, 394, 10.1378/chest.128.1.394
Herth, 2004, Conventional vs endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: a randomized trial, Chest, 125, 322, 10.1378/chest.125.1.322
Paone, 2005, Endobronchial ultrasound-driven biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions, Chest, 128, 3551, 10.1378/chest.128.5.3551
Adams, 2009, Test performance of endobronchial ultrasound and transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy for mediastinal staging in patients with lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis, Thorax, 64, 757, 10.1136/thx.2008.109868
Nakajima, 2010, Treatment of lung cancer with an ALK inhibitor after EML4-ALK fusion gene detection using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, J Thorac Oncol, 5, 2041, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181f77b58
Nakajima, 2011, Multigene mutation analysis of metastatic lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, Chest, 140, 1319, 10.1378/chest.10-3186
Rekhtman, 2011, Suitability of thoracic cytology for new therapeutic paradigms in non-small cell lung carcinoma: high accuracy of tumor subtyping and feasibility of EGFR and KRAS molecular testing, J Thorac Oncol, 6, 451, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31820517a3
Sakairi, 2010, EML4-ALK fusion gene assessment using metastatic lymph node samples obtained by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, Clin Cancer Res, 16, 4938, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0099
Chan, 2017, Management of the solitary pulmonary nodule, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 141, 927, 10.5858/arpa.2016-0307-RA
Choi, 2013, Percutaneous CT-guided aspiration and core biopsy of pulmonary nodules smaller than 1 cm: analysis of outcomes of 305 procedures from a tertiary referral center, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 201, 964, 10.2214/AJR.12.10156
Fontaine-Delaruelle, 2015, Negative predictive value of transthoracic core-needle biopsy: a multicenter study, Chest, 148, 472, 10.1378/chest.14-1907
Lee, 2014, C-arm cone-beam CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of lung nodules: clinical experience in 1108 patients, Radiology, 271, 291, 10.1148/radiol.13131265
Takeshita, 2015, CT-guided fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsies of pulmonary lesions: a single-center experience with 750 biopsies in Japan, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 204, 29, 10.2214/AJR.14.13151
Travis, 2015
Travis, 2013, Diagnosis of lung cancer in small biopsies and cytology: implications of the 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 137, 668, 10.5858/arpa.2012-0263-RA
Travis, 2011, International association for the study of lung cancer/american thoracic society/european respiratory society international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma, J Thorac Oncol, 6, 244, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318206a221
Dietel, 2016, Diagnostic procedures for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): recommendations of the European Expert Group, Thorax, 71, 177, 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206677
Kerr, 2014, Second ESMO consensus conference on lung cancer: pathology and molecular biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer, Ann Oncol, 25, 1681, 10.1093/annonc/mdu145
Mok, 2017, IASLC Atlas of EGFR testing in Lung cancer, IASLC
Oxnard, 2012, Screening for germline EGFR T790M mutations through lung cancer genotyping, J Thorac Oncol, 7, 1049, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318250ed9d
Mok, 2015, Detection and dynamic changes of EGFR mutations from circulating tumor DNA as a predictor of survival outcomes in NSCLC patients treated with first-line intercalated erlotinib and chemotherapy, Clin Cancer Res, 21, 3196, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2594
Tsao, 2016, IASLC Atlas of ALK and ROS1 Testing in Lung Cancer, Second Edition. Aurora, CO: International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
Kerr, 2016, Precision medicine in NSCLC and pathology: how does ALK fit in the pathway?, Ann Oncol, 27, iii16, 10.1093/annonc/mdw302
van der Wekken, 2017, Dichotomous ALK-IHC Is a better predictor for ALK inhibition outcome than traditional ALK-FISH in advanced non-small cell lung cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 23, 4251, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1631
Peters, 2017, Alectinib versus crizotinib in untreated ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 377, 829, 10.1056/NEJMoa1704795
Gainor, 2016, Molecular mechanisms of resistance to first- and second-generation ALK inhibitors in ALK-rearranged lung cancer, Cancer Discov, 6, 1118, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-0596
Deeb, 2015, Routine clinical mutation profiling of non-small cell lung cancer using next-generation sequencing, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 139, 913, 10.5858/arpa.2014-0095-OA
Kerr, 2016, Programmed death ligand-1 immunohistochemistry: friend or foe?, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 140, 326, 10.5858/arpa.2015-0522-SA
Hirsch, 2017, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assays for lung cancer: results from phase 1 of the blueprint PD-L1 IHC assay comparison project, J Thorac Oncol, 12, 208, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.2228
Ratcliffe, 2017, Agreement between programmed cell death ligand-1 diagnostic assays across multiple protein expression cutoffs in non-small cell lung cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 23, 3585, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2375
Rimm, 2017, A prospective, multi-institutional, pathologist-based assessment of 4 immunohistochemistry assays for PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer, JAMA Oncol, 3, 1051, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0013
Adam, 2018, Multicenter French harmonization study for PD-L1 IHC testing in non-small cell lung cancer, Ann Oncol, 29, 953, 10.1093/annonc/mdy014
Reck, 2016, Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 375, 1823, 10.1056/NEJMoa1606774
Herbst, 2016, Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 387, 1540, 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01281-7
Hellmann, 2018, Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in lung cancer with a high tumor mutational burden, N Engl J Med, 378, 2093, 10.1056/NEJMoa1801946
Rizvi, 2015, Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer, Science, 348, 124, 10.1126/science.aaa1348
Carbone, 2017, First-line nivolumab in stage IV or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 376, 2415, 10.1056/NEJMoa1613493
Rizvi, 2018, Molecular determinants of response to anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 and anti-programmed death-ligand (PD-L)-ligand 1 blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer profiled with targeted next-generation sequencing, J Clin Oncol, 36, 633, 10.1200/JCO.2017.75.3384
Rolfo, 2018, ASLC statement paper: liquid biopsy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, J Thorac Oncol, 13, 1248, 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.05.030
Gandara, 2018, Blood-based tumor mutational burden as a predictor of clinical benefit in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with atezolizumab, Nat Med, 24, 1441, 10.1038/s41591-018-0134-3
Velcheti, 2018, Prospective clinical evaluation of blood-based tumor mutational burden (bTMB) as a predictive biomarker for atezolizumab (atezo) in 1L non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): interim B-F1RST results, J Clin Oncol, 36, 12001, 10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.12001
Grunnet, 2012, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as tumor marker in lung cancer, Lung Cancer, 76, 138, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.11.012
Ferrucci, 2016, Baseline neutrophils and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: prognostic relevance in metastatic melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab, Ann Oncol, 27, 732, 10.1093/annonc/mdw016
Mezquita, 2018, Association of the lung immune prognostic index with immune checkpoint inhibitor outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, JAMA Oncol, 4, 351, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.4771
Kuhn, 1994, MRI evaluation of “solitary” brain metastases with triple-dose gadoteridol: comparison with contrast-enhanced CT and conventional-dose gadopentetate dimeglumine MRI studies in the same patients, Comput Med Imaging Graph, 18, 391, 10.1016/0895-6111(94)90011-6
Wu, 2013, Diagnostic value of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the detection of metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer patients, Int J Cancer, 132, E37, 10.1002/ijc.27779
Chang, 2012, Meta-analysis: comparison of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and bone scintigraphy in the detection of bone metastasis in patients with lung cancer, Acad Radiol, 19, 349, 10.1016/j.acra.2011.10.018
Grootjans, 2015, PET in the management of locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC, Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 12, 395, 10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.75
Amin, 2017
J. Brierley , MKGospodarowicz, C.Wittekind , Union for International Cancer Control. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours 8th edition, 1–241.
Eisenhauer, 2009, New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1), Eur J Cancer, 45, 228, 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026
Wolchok, 2009, Guidelines for the evaluation of immune therapy activity in solid tumors: immune-related response criteria, Clin Cancer Res, 15, 7412, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-1624
Bohnsack, 2014, Adaptation of the immune related response criteria: irRECIST, Ann Oncol, 25, iv369., 10.1093/annonc/mdu342.23
Seymour, 2017, iRECIST: guidelines for response criteria for use in trials testing immunotherapeutics, Lancet Oncol, 18, e143, 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30074-8
Hodi, 2018, Immune-modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (imRECIST): refining guidelines to assess the clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy, J Clin Oncol, 36, 850, 10.1200/JCO.2017.75.1644
Gandara, 2017, Impact of atezolizumab (atezo) treatment beyond disease progression (TBP) in advanced NSCLC: results from the randomized phase III OAK study, J Clin Oncol, 35, 9001, 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.9001
Tazdait, 2018, Patterns of responses in metastatic NSCLC during PD-1 or PDL-1 inhibitor therapy: comparison of RECIST 1.1, irRECIST and iRECIST criteria, Eur J Cancer, 88, 38, 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.10.017
Mazieres, 2016, Non-classical response measured by immune-modified RECIST and post-progression treatment effects of atezolizumab in 2L/3L NSCLC: Results from the randomized phase II study POPLAR, J Clin Oncol, 34, 9032, 10.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.9032
Kazandjian, 2017, Characterization of patients treated with a programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor (anti-PD-1) past RECIST progression from a metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) trial, J Clin Oncol, 44, 3
Ung, 2016, Impact of the lung oncology multidisciplinary team meetings on the management of patients with cancer, Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 12, e298, 10.1111/ajco.12192
Baser, 2006, Smoking cessation after diagnosis of lung cancer is associated with a beneficial effect on performance status, Chest, 130, 1784, 10.1016/S0012-3692(15)50902-1
Hughes, 2009, Overcoming CYP1A1/1A2 mediated induction of metabolism by escalating erlotinib dose in current smokers, J Clin Oncol, 27, 1220, 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.3995
Rowland, 2016, Quality of life, support and smoking in advanced lung cancer patients: a qualitative study, BMJ Support Palliat Care, 6, 35, 10.1136/bmjspcare-2013-000589
Brahmer, 2017, Health-related quality-of-life results for pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in advanced, PD-L1-positive NSCLC (KEYNOTE-024): a multicentre, international, randomised, open-label phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 18, 1600, 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30690-3
Brahmer, 2017, OA 17.06 updated analysis of KEYNOTE-024: pembrolizumab vs platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC with PD-L1 TPS 50%, J Thorac Oncol, 12, S1793, 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.431
Lopes, 2018, Pembrolizumab (pembro) versus platinum-based chemotherapy (chemo) as first-line therapy for advanced/metastatic NSCLC with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 1%: Open-label, phase 3 KEYNOTE-042 study, J Clin Oncol, 36, LBA4, 10.1200/JCO.2018.36.18_suppl.LBA4
Gandhi, 2018, Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 378, 2078, 10.1056/NEJMoa1801005
Socinski, 2018, Atezolizumab for first-line treatment of metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, N Engl J Med, 378, 2288, 10.1056/NEJMoa1716948
Papadimitrakopoulou V, Cobo M, Bordon R et al. IMPOWER132: PFS and safety results with 1L atezolizumab + carboplatin/cisplatin + pemetrexed in stage IV non-squamous NSCLC. IASLC 19th World Conference on Lung Cancer 2018; abstr. OA05.07.
Paz-Ares, 2018, Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for squamous non–small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 10.1056/NEJMoa1810865
Jotte, 2018, IMpower131: primary PFS and safety analysis of a randomized phase III study of atezolizumab + carboplatin + paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel vs carboplatin + nab-paclitaxel as 1L therapy in advanced squamous NSCLC, J Clin Oncol, 36, LBA9000, 10.1200/JCO.2018.36.18_suppl.LBA9000
Brahmer, 2017, Progression after the next line of therapy (PFS2) and updated OS among patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC and PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50% enrolled in KEYNOTE-024, J Clin Oncol, 35, 9000, 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.9000
1995, Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis using updated data on individual patients from 52 randomised clinical trials. Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group, BMJ, 311, 899, 10.1136/bmj.311.7010.899
NSCLC Meta-Analyses Collaborative Group, 2008, Chemotherapy in addition to supportive care improves survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 16 randomized controlled trials, J Clin Oncol, 26, 4617, 10.1200/JCO.2008.17.7162
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group, 2010, Chemotherapy and supportive care versus supportive care alone for advanced non-small cell lung cancer, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD007309
Delbaldo, 2004, Benefits of adding a drug to a single-agent or a 2-agent chemotherapy regimen in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis, JAMA, 29, 2470
Pujol, 2006, Should chemotherapy combinations for advanced non-small cell lung cancer be platinum-based? A meta-analysis of phase III randomized trials, Lung Cancer, 51, 335, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.11.001
Park, 2007, Phase III trial of two versus four additional cycles in patients who are nonprogressive after two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy in non small-cell lung cancer, J Clin Oncol, 25, 5233, 10.1200/JCO.2007.10.8134
Rossi, 2014, Six versus fewer planned cycles of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data, Lancet Oncol, 15, 1254, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70402-4
Schiller, 2002, Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 346, 92, 10.1056/NEJMoa011954
Grossi, 2009, Impact of third-generation drugs on the activity of first-line chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analytical approach, Oncologist, 14, 497, 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0260
de Castria, 2013, Cisplatin versus carboplatin in combination with third-generation drugs for advanced non-small cell lung cancer, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD009256
Socinski, 2012, Weekly nab-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus solvent-based paclitaxel plus carboplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: final results of a phase III trial, J Clin Oncol, 30, 2055, 10.1200/JCO.2011.39.5848
Paz-Ares, 2015, Necitumumab plus pemetrexed and cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with stage IV non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (INSPIRE): an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 study, Lancet Oncol, 16, 328, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70046-X
Thatcher, 2015, Necitumumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin versus gemcitabine and cisplatin alone as first-line therapy in patients with stage IV squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (SQUIRE): an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 16, 763, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00021-2
Li, 2012, Pemetrexed plus platinum as the first-line treatment option for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, PLoS One, 7, e37229., 10.1371/journal.pone.0037229
Scagliotti, 2008, Phase III study comparing cisplatin plus gemcitabine with cisplatin plus pemetrexed in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer, J Clin Oncol, 26, 3543, 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.0375
Scagliotti, 2009, The differential efficacy of pemetrexed according to NSCLC histology: a review of two phase III studies, Oncologist, 14, 253, 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0232
Ciuleanu, 2009, Maintenance pemetrexed plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care for non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study, Lancet, 374, 1432, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61497-5
Sandler, 2006, Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 355, 2542, 10.1056/NEJMoa061884
Zhou, 2015, BEYOND: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase III study of first-line carboplatin/paclitaxel plus bevacizumab or placebo in Chinese patients with advanced or recurrent nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer, J Clin Oncol, 33, 2197, 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.4424
Reck, 2009, Phase III trial of cisplatin plus gemcitabine with either placebo or bevacizumab as first-line therapy for nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer: aVAil, J Clin Oncol, 27, 1227, 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.5466
Lima, 2011, Addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis, PLoS One, 6, e22681., 10.1371/journal.pone.0022681
Soria, 2013, Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, phase II/III trials adding bevacizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, Ann Oncol, 24, 20, 10.1093/annonc/mds590
Besse, 2015, Bevacizumab in patients with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer and asymptomatic, untreated brain metastases (BRAIN): a nonrandomized, phase II study, Clin Cancer Res, 21, 1896, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2082
Cappuzzo, 2010, Erlotinib as maintenance treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 study, Lancet Oncol, 11, 521, 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70112-1
Cicenas, 2016, Maintenance erlotinib versus erlotinib at disease progression in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who have not progressed following platinum-based chemotherapy (IUNO study), Lung Cancer, 102, 30, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.10.007
Paz-Ares, 2013, PARAMOUNT: final overall survival results of the phase III study of maintenance pemetrexed versus placebo immediately after induction treatment with pemetrexed plus cisplatin for advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer, J Clin Oncol, 31, 2895, 10.1200/JCO.2012.47.1102
Barlesi, 2013, Randomized phase III trial of maintenance bevacizumab with or without pemetrexed after first-line induction with bevacizumab, cisplatin, and pemetrexed in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer: aVAPERL (MO22089), J Clin Oncol, 31, 3004, 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.3749
Barlesi, 2014, Maintenance bevacizumab-pemetrexed after first-line cisplatin-pemetrexed-bevacizumab for advanced nonsquamous nonsmall-cell lung cancer: updated survival analysis of the AVAPERL (MO22089) randomized phase III trial, Ann Oncol, 25, 1044, 10.1093/annonc/mdu098
Perol, 2012, Randomized, phase III study of gemcitabine or erlotinib maintenance therapy versus observation, with predefined second-line treatment, after cisplatin-gemcitabine induction chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, J Clin Oncol, 30, 3516, 10.1200/JCO.2011.39.9782
Pirker, 2009, Cetuximab plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (FLEX): an open-label randomised phase III trial, Lancet, 373, 1525, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60569-9
Gridelli, 2004, Treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients with ECOG performance status 2: results of an European Experts Panel, Ann Oncol, 15, 419, 10.1093/annonc/mdh087
Quoix, 2011, Carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel doublet chemotherapy compared with monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: iFCT-0501 randomised, phase 3 trial, Lancet, 378, 1079, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60780-0
Bronte, 2015, What can platinum offer yet in the treatment of PS2 NSCLC patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 95, 306, 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.010
Zukin, 2013, Randomized phase III trial of single-agent pemetrexed versus carboplatin and pemetrexed in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2, J Clin Oncol, 31, 2849, 10.1200/JCO.2012.48.1911
Gridelli, 2003, Chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) phase III randomized trial, J Natl Cancer Inst, 95, 362, 10.1093/jnci/95.5.362
D. Spigel , L.Schwartzberg, D.Waterhouse et al P3.02c-026 is nivolumab safe and effective in elderly and PS2 patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)? Results of CheckMate 153. J Thorac Oncol12: S1287–S1288.
Popat, 2017, 1303PD Nivolumab in previously treated patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC: results of a European single-arm, phase 2 trial (CheckMate 171) including patients aged ≥70 years and with poor performance status, Ann Oncol, 28, v460-v496.
Kudoh, 2006, Phase III study of docetaxel compared with vinorelbine in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results of the West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Trial (WJTOG 9904), J Clin Oncol, 24, 3657, 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.1044
Santos, 2015, Chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly population, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD010463
Fiteni, 2016, Health-related quality of life in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer comparing carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel doublet chemotherapy with monotherapy, Eur Respir J, 48, 861, 10.1183/13993003.01695-2015
Corre, 2016, Use of a comprehensive geriatric assessment for the management of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the phase III randomized ESOGIA-GFPC-GECP 08-02 study, J Clin Oncol, 34, 1476, 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.5839
Brahmer, 2015, Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 373, 123, 10.1056/NEJMoa1504627
Borghaei, 2015, Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 373, 1627, 10.1056/NEJMoa1507643
Rittmeyer, 2017, Atezolizumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (OAK): a phase 3, open-label, multicentre randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 389, 255, 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32517-X
Ferrara, 2017, Immunosenescence and immunecheckpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients: does age really matter?, Cancer Treat Rev, 60, 60, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.003
Herbst, 2017, OA03.07 KEYNOTE-010: durable clinical benefit in patients with previously treated, PD-L1-expressing NSCLC who completed pembrolizumab, J Thoracic Oncol, 12, S254, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.243
Shepherd, 2000, Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus best supportive care in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, J Clin Oncol, 18, 2095, 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.10.2095
Fossella, 2000, Randomized phase III trial of docetaxel versus vinorelbine or ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy regimens. The TAX 320 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Study Group, J Clin Oncol, 18, 2354, 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.12.2354
Gridelli, 2004, A randomised clinical trial of two docetaxel regimens (weekly vs 3 week) in the second-line treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. The DISTAL 01 study, Br J Cancer, 91, 1996, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602241
Schuette, 2005, Phase III study of second-line chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with weekly compared with 3-weekly docetaxel, J Clin Oncol, 23, 8389, 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.3739
Hanna, 2004, Randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed versus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with chemotherapy, J Clin Oncol, 22, 1589, 10.1200/JCO.2004.08.163
Garon, 2014, Ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel for second-line treatment of stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer after disease progression on platinum-based therapy (REVEL): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial, Lancet, 384, 665, 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60845-X
Reck, 2017, Outcomes in patients with aggressive or refractory disease from REVEL: a randomized phase III study of docetaxel with ramucirumab or placebo for second-line treatment of stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer, Lung Cancer, 112, 181, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.07.038
Reck, 2014, Docetaxel plus nintedanib versus docetaxel plus placebo in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (LUME-Lung 1): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised controlled trial, Lancet Oncol, 15, 143, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70586-2
Novello, 2015, Analysis of patient-reported outcomes from the LUME-Lung 1 trial: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III study of second-line nintedanib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, Eur J Cancer, 51, 317, 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.11.015
Cortot, 2016, Weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab versus docetaxel as second or third-line treatment in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results from the phase III study IFCT-1103 ULTIMATE, J Clin Oncol, 34, 9005, 10.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.9005
Shepherd, 2005, Erlotinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 353, 123, 10.1056/NEJMoa050753
Ciuleanu, 2012, Efficacy and safety of erlotinib versus chemotherapy in second-line treatment of patients with advanced, non-small-cell lung cancer with poor prognosis (TITAN): a randomised multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study, Lancet Oncol, 13, 300, 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70385-0
Karampeazis, 2013, Pemetrexed versus erlotinib in pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG) randomized phase 3 study, Cancer, 119, 2754, 10.1002/cncr.28132
Garassino, 2013, Erlotinib versus docetaxel as second-line treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and wild-type EGFR tumours (TAILOR): a randomised controlled trial, Lancet Oncol, 14, 981, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70310-3
Zhao, 2014, Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors versus chemotherapy as second-line treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with wild-type EGFR: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials, Lung Cancer, 85, 66, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.03.026
Tomasini, 2017, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors versus chemotherapy in EGFR wild-type pre-treated advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer in daily practice, Eur Respir J, 50, 1700514, 10.1183/13993003.00514-2017
Soria, 2015, Afatinib versus erlotinib as second-line treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (LUX-Lung 8): an open-label randomised controlled phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 16, 897, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00006-6
Felip, 2018, Symptom and quality of life improvement in LUX-Lung 8, an open-label phase III study of second-line afatinib versus erlotinib in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, Clin Lung Cancer, 19, 74, 10.1016/j.cllc.2017.06.002
Lynch, 2004, Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib, N Engl J Med, 350, 2129, 10.1056/NEJMoa040938
Paez, 2004, EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy, Science, 304, 1497, 10.1126/science.1099314
Mok, 2009, Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma, N Engl J Med, 361, 947, 10.1056/NEJMoa0810699
Han, 2012, First-SIGNAL: first-line single-agent iressa versus gemcitabine and cisplatin trial in never-smokers with adenocarcinoma of the lung, J Clin Oncol, 30, 1122, 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.8456
Maemondo, 2010, Gefitinib or chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer with mutated EGFR, N Engl J Med, 362, 2380, 10.1056/NEJMoa0909530
Rosell, 2012, Erlotinib versus standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (EURTAC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 13, 239, 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70393-X
Sequist, 2013, Phase III study of afatinib or cisplatin plus pemetrexed in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations, J Clin Oncol, 31, 3327, 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.2806
Wu, 2014, Afatinib versus cisplatin plus gemcitabine for first-line treatment of Asian patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring EGFR mutations (LUX-Lung 6): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 15, 213, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70604-1
Inoue, 2009, First-line gefitinib for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harboring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations without indication for chemotherapy, J Clin Oncol, 27, 1394, 10.1200/JCO.2008.18.7658
Park, 2016, First-line erlotinib therapy until and beyond response evaluation criteria in solid tumors progression in Asian patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: the ASPIRATION Study, JAMA Oncol, 2, 305, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.4921
Mok, 2017, Gefitinib plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer resistant to first-line gefitinib (IMPRESS): overall survival and biomarker analyses, J Clin Oncol, 35, 4027, 10.1200/JCO.2017.73.9250
Park, 2016, Afatinib versus gefitinib as first-line treatment of patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (LUX-Lung 7): a phase 2B, open-label, randomised controlled trial, Lancet Oncol, 17, 577, 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30033-X
Paz-Ares, 2017, Afatinib versus gefitinib in patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: overall survival data from the phase IIb LUX-Lung 7 trial, Ann Oncol, 28, 270, 10.1093/annonc/mdw611
Yang, 2015, Afatinib versus cisplatin-based chemotherapy for EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (LUX-Lung 3 and LUX-Lung 6): analysis of overall survival data from two randomised, phase 3 trials, Lancet Oncol, 16, 141, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71173-8
Wu, 2017, Dacomitinib versus gefitinib as first-line treatment for patients with EGFR-mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (ARCHER 1050): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 18, 1454, 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30608-3
Mok, 2018, Improvement in overall survival in a randomized study that compared dacomitinib with gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and EGFR-activating mutations, J Clin Oncol, 36, 2244, 10.1200/JCO.2018.78.7994
Cross, 2014, AZD9291, an irreversible EGFR TKI, overcomes T790M-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer, Cancer Discov, 4, 1046, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-14-0337
Soria, 2018, Osimertinib in untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 378, 113, 10.1056/NEJMoa1713137
Soria, 2015, Gefitinib plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in EGFR-mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer after progression on first-line gefitinib (IMPRESS): a phase 3 randomised trial, Lancet Oncol, 16, 990, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00121-7
Nakamura, 2018, Phase III study comparing gefitinib monotherapy (G) to combination therapy with gefitinib, carboplatin, and pemetrexed (GCP) for untreated patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations (NEJ009, J Clin Oncol, 36
Seto, 2014, Erlotinib alone or with bevacizumab as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring EGFR mutations (JO25567): an open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 study, Lancet Oncol, 15, 1236, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70381-X
Yamamoto, 2018, Erlotinib plus bevacizumab (EB) versus erlotinib alone (E) as first-line treatment for advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): survival follow-up results of JO25567, J Clin Oncol, 36
Rosell, 2017, Erlotinib and bevacizumab in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and activating EGFR mutations (BELIEF): an international, multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial, Lancet Respir Med, 5, 435, 10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30129-7
Furuya, 2018, Phase III study comparing bevacizumab plus erlotinib to erlotinib in patients with untreated NSCLC harboring activating EGFR mutations: NEJ026, J Clin Oncol, 36
Yu, 2013, Analysis of tumor specimens at the time of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy in 155 patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers, Clin Cancer Res, 19, 2240, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2246
Mok, 2017, Osimertinib or platinum-pemetrexed in EGFR T790M-positive lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 376, 629, 10.1056/NEJMoa1612674
Mok, 2017, CNS response to osimertinib in patients (pts) with T790M-positive advanced NSCLC: data from a randomized phase III trial (AURA3, J Clin Oncol, 35, 9005, 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.9005
Camidge, 2012, Activity and safety of crizotinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: updated results from a phase 1 study, Lancet Oncol, 13, 1011, 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70344-3
Shaw, 2011, Effect of crizotinib on overall survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring ALK gene rearrangement: a retrospective analysis, Lancet Oncol, 12, 1004, 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70232-7
Solomon, 2014, First-line crizotinib versus chemotherapy in ALK-positive lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 371, 2167, 10.1056/NEJMoa1408440
Soria, 2017, First-line ceritinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (ASCEND-4): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study, Lancet, 389, 917, 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30123-X
Cho, 2017, ASCEND-8: a randomized phase 1 study of ceritinib, 450 mg or 600 mg, taken with a low-fat meal versus 750 mg in fasted state in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), J Thorac Oncol, 12, 1357, 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.07.005
Hida, 2017, Alectinib versus crizotinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (J-ALEX): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial, Lancet, 390, 29, 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30565-2
Camidge, 2018, Updated efficacy and safety data from the global phase III ALEX study of alectinib (ALC) vs crizotinib (CZ) in untreated advanced ALK+ NSCLC, J Clin Oncol, 35, 9064
Shaw, 2013, Crizotinib versus chemotherapy in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 368, 2385, 10.1056/NEJMoa1214886
Costa, 2011, CSF concentration of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor crizotinib, J Clin Oncol, 29, e443, 10.1200/JCO.2010.34.1313
Shaw, 2017, Ceritinib versus chemotherapy in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer previously given chemotherapy and crizotinib (ASCEND-5): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 18, 874, 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30339-X
Novello, 2018, Alectinib versus chemotherapy in crizotinib-pretreated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: results from the phase III ALUR study, Ann Oncol, 29, 1409, 10.1093/annonc/mdy121
de Castro, 2017, 1346 PCNS efficacy results from the phase III ALUR study of alectinib vs chemotherapy in previously treated ALK+ NSCLC, Ann Oncol, 28, v460
Hochmair, 2017, 97P Brigatinib in crizotinib-refractory ALK+ NSCLC: updates from the pivotal randomized phase 2 Trial (ALTA), Ann Oncol, 28, ii28
Shaw, 2017, Lorlatinib in non-small-cell lung cancer with ALK or ROS1 rearrangement: an international, multicentre, open-label, single-arm first-in-man phase 1 trial, Lancet Oncol, 18, 1590, 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30680-0
Shaw, 2018, Abstract CT044: efficacy of lorlatinib in patients (pts) with advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ALK kinase domain mutations, Cancer Res, 78, CT044, 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2018-CT044
Felip, 2017, MA07.11 safety and efficacy of lorlatinib (PF-06463922) in patients with advanced ALK+ or ROS1+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), J Thorac Oncol, 12, S383, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.433
Shaw, 2017, 1380TiP A randomized, open-label comparison of lorlatinib versus crizotinib as first-line treatment for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer, Ann Oncol, 28, v460
Popat, 2016, Ann Oncol, 27, 1289TiP
Camidge, 2018, Brigatinib versus crizotinib in ALK-positive non–small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 10.1056/NEJMoa1810171
Shaw, 2014, Crizotinib in ROS1-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 371, 1963, 10.1056/NEJMoa1406766
Moro-Sibilot, 2015, Crizotinib in patients with advanced ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Preliminary results of the ACSE phase II trial, J Clin Oncol, 33, 8065, 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.8065
Mazieres, 2015, Crizotinib therapy for advanced lung adenocarcinoma and a ROS1 rearrangement: results from the EUROS1 cohort, J Clin Oncol, 33, 992, 10.1200/JCO.2014.58.3302
Goto, 2016, Phase II study of crizotinib in east Asian patients (pts) with ROS1-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, J Clin Oncol, 34, 9022, 10.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.9022
Lim, 2017, Open-label, multicenter, phase II study of ceritinib in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harboring ROS1 rearrangement, J Clin Oncol, 35, 2613, 10.1200/JCO.2016.71.3701
Davare, 2015, Structural insight into selectivity and resistance profiles of ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 112, E5381, 10.1073/pnas.1515281112
Barlesi, 2016, Routine molecular profiling of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results of a 1-year nationwide programme of the French Cooperative Thoracic Intergroup (IFCT), Lancet, 387, 1415, 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00004-0
Kris, 2014, Using multiplexed assays of oncogenic drivers in lung cancers to select targeted drugs, JAMA, 311, 1998, 10.1001/jama.2014.3741
Paik, 2011, Clinical characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinomas harboring BRAF mutations, J Clin Oncol, 29, 2046, 10.1200/JCO.2010.33.1280
Gautschi, 2015, Targeted therapy for patients with BRAF-mutant lung cancer: results from the European EURAF Cohort, J Thorac Oncol, 10, 1451, 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000625
Hyman, 2015, Vemurafenib in multiple nonmelanoma cancers with BRAF V600 mutations, N Engl J Med, 373, 726, 10.1056/NEJMoa1502309
Planchard, 2016, Dabrafenib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a single-arm, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial, Lancet Oncol, 17, 642, 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)00077-2
Planchard, 2016, Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with previously treated BRAF(V600E)-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: an open-label, multicentre phase 2 trial, Lancet Oncol, 17, 984, 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30146-2
Planchard, 2017, Updated survival of patients (pts) with previously treated BRAF V600E-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received dabrafenib (D) or D + trametinib (T) in the phase II BRF113928 study, J Clin Oncol, 28, 9075, 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.9075
Planchard, 2017, Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with previously untreated BRAF(V600E)-mutant metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: an open-label, phase 2 trial, Lancet Oncol, 18, 1307, 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30679-4
Lipson, 2012, Identification of new ALK and RET gene fusions from colorectal and lung cancer biopsies, Nat Med, 18, 382, 10.1038/nm.2673
Michels, 2016, Clinicopathological characteristics of RET rearranged lung cancer in European Patients, J Thorac Oncol, 11, 122, 10.1016/j.jtho.2015.09.016
Gautschi, 2017, Targeting RET in patients with RET-rearranged lung cancers: results from the global, multicenter RET registry, J Clin Oncol, 35, 1403, 10.1200/JCO.2016.70.9352
Drilon, 2016, Clinical outcomes with pemetrexed-based systemic therapies in RET-rearranged lung cancers, Ann Oncol, 27, 1286, 10.1093/annonc/mdw163
Lee, 2017, Vandetanib in pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer-harboring RET rearrangement: a phase II clinical trial, Ann Oncol, 28, 292, 10.1093/annonc/mdw559
Yoh, 2017, Vandetanib in patients with previously treated RET-rearranged advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LURET): an open-label, multicentre phase 2 trial, Lancet Respir Med, 5, 42, 10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30322-8
Drilon, 2018, A phase 1 study of LOXO-292, a potent and highly selective RET inhibitor, in patients with RET-altered cancers, J Clin Oncol, 36
Spigel, 2017, Results from the phase III randomized trial of onartuzumab plus erlotinib versus erlotinib in previously treated stage IIIB or IV non-small-cell lung cancer: mETLung, J Clin Oncol, 35, 412, 10.1200/JCO.2016.69.2160
Frampton, 2015, Activation of MET via diverse exon 14 splicing alterations occurs in multiple tumor types and confers clinical sensitivity to MET inhibitors, Cancer Discov, 5, 850, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0285
Drilon, 2016, Efficacy and safety of crizotinib in patients (pts) with advanced MET exon 14-altered non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, J Clin Oncol, 34, 108, 10.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.108
Awad, 2017, Impact of MET inhibitors on survival among patients (pts) with MET exon 14 mutant (METdel14) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, J Clin Oncol, 35, 8511, 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.8511
Arcila, 2012, Prevalence, clinicopathologic associations, and molecular spectrum of ERBB2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase mutations in lung adenocarcinomas, Clin Cancer Res, 18, 4910, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0912
Mazieres, 2016, Lung cancer patients with HER2 mutations treated with chemotherapy and HER2-targeted drugs: results from the European EUHER2 cohort, Ann Oncol, 27, 281, 10.1093/annonc/mdv573
Hyman, 2018, HER kinase inhibition in patients with HER2- and HER3-mutant cancers, Nature, 554, 189, 10.1038/nature25475
Kosaka, 2017, Response heterogeneity of EGFR and HER2 exon 20 insertions to covalent EGFR and HER2 inhibitors, Cancer Res, 77, 2712, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-3404
Smit, 2017, A single-arm phase II trial of afatinib in pretreated patients with advanced NSCLC harboring a HER2 mutation: the ETOP NICHE trial, J Clin Oncol, 35, 9070, 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.9070
Robichaux, 2018, Mechanisms and clinical activity of an EGFR and HER2 exon 20–selective kinase inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer, Nat Med, 24, 638, 10.1038/s41591-018-0007-9
Li, 2018, Ado-trastuzumab emtansine for patients with HER2 mutant lung cancers: results from a phase II basket trial, J Clin Oncol, 36, 2532, 10.1200/JCO.2018.77.9777
Stinchcombe, 2017, Efficacy, safety, and biomarker results of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in patients (pts) with previously treated HER2-overexpressing locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC, J Clin Oncol, 35, 8509, 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.8509
Ou, 2017, HER2 transmembrane domain (TMD) mutations (V659/G660) that stabilize homo- and heterodimerization are rare oncogenic drivers in lung adenocarcinoma that respond to afatinib, J Thorac Oncol, 12, 446, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.2224
Amatu, 2016, NTRK gene fusions as novel targets of cancer therapy across multiple tumour types, ESMO Open, 1, e000023., 10.1136/esmoopen-2015-000023
Drilon, 2017, Safety and antitumor activity of the multitargeted Pan-TRK, ROS1, and ALK inhibitor entrectinib: combined results from two phase I trials (ALKA-372-001 and STARTRK-1), Cancer Discov, 7, 400, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-1237
Hyman, 2017, The efficacy of larotrectinib (LOXO-101), a selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor, in adult and pediatric TRK fusion cancers, J Clin Oncol, 35, LBA2501, 10.1200/JCO.2017.35.18_suppl.LBA2501
Drilon, 2018, Efficacy of larotrectinib in TRK fusion–positive cancers in adults and children, N Engl J Med, 378, 731, 10.1056/NEJMoa1714448
Stevens, 2015, Palliative radiotherapy regimens for patients with thoracic symptoms from non-small cell lung cancer, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, CD002143
Reveiz, 2012, Palliative endobronchial brachytherapy for non-small cell lung cancer, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 12, CD004284
George, 2015, Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD006716
Nayar, 2017, Leptomeningeal disease: current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, Oncotarget, 8, 73312, 10.18632/oncotarget.20272
Chamberlain, 1990, Leptomeningeal metastasis: a comparison of gadolinium-enhanced MR and contrast-enhanced CT of the brain, Neurology, 40, 435, 10.1212/WNL.40.3_Part_1.435
Collie, 1999, Imaging features of leptomeningeal metastases, Clin Radiol, 54, 765, 10.1016/S0009-9260(99)91181-9
Sperduto, 2012, Summary report on the graded prognostic assessment: an accurate and facile diagnosis-specific tool to estimate survival for patients with brain metastases, J Clin Oncol, 30, 419, 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.0527
Tsao, 2012, Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD003869
Vecht, 1994, Dose-effect relationship of dexamethasone on Karnofsky performance in metastatic brain tumors: a randomized study of doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg per day, Neurology, 44, 675, 10.1212/WNL.44.4.675
Li, 2007, Regression after whole-brain radiation therapy for brain metastases correlates with survival and improved neurocognitive function, J Clin Oncol, 25, 1260, 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.2536
Brown, 2013, Memantine for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction in patients receiving whole-brain radiotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Neuro Oncol, 15, 1429, 10.1093/neuonc/not114
Gondi, 2014, Preservation of memory with conformal avoidance of the hippocampal neural stem-cell compartment during whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases (RTOG 0933): a phase II multi-institutional trial, J Clin Oncol, 32, 3810, 10.1200/JCO.2014.57.2909
Mahajan, 2017, Post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery versus observation for completely resected brain metastases: a single-centre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 18, 1040, 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30414-X
Patchell, 1990, A randomized trial of surgery in the treatment of single metastases to the brain, N Engl J Med, 322, 494, 10.1056/NEJM199002223220802
Vecht, 1993, Treatment of single brain metastasis: radiotherapy alone or combined with neurosurgery?, Ann Neurol, 33, 583, 10.1002/ana.410330605
Mintz, 1996, A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of surgery in addition to radiotherapy in patients with a single cerebral metastasis, Cancer, 78, 1470, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19961001)78:7<1470::AID-CNCR14>3.0.CO;2-X
Patchell, 1998, Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of single metastases to the brain: a randomized trial, JAMA, 280, 1485, 10.1001/jama.280.17.1485
Aoyama, 2006, Stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole-brain radiation therapy vs stereotactic radiosurgery alone for treatment of brain metastases: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 295, 2483, 10.1001/jama.295.21.2483
Kocher, 2011, Adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation after radiosurgery or surgical resection of one to three cerebral metastases: results of the EORTC 22952-26001 study, J Clin Oncol, 29, 134, 10.1200/JCO.2010.30.1655
Sahgal, 2015, Phase 3 trials of stereotactic radiosurgery with or without whole-brain radiation therapy for 1 to 4 brain metastases: individual patient data meta-analysis, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 91, 710, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.10.024
Ernst-Stecken, 2006, Phase II trial of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: results and toxicity, Radiother Oncol, 81, 18, 10.1016/j.radonc.2006.08.024
Patil, 2012, Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone versus WBRT and radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD006121
Soon, 2014, Surgery or radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus surgery or radiosurgery alone for brain metastases, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD009454
Robinet, 2001, Results of a phase III study of early versus delayed whole brain radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin and vinorelbine combination in inoperable brain metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer: Groupe Francais de Pneumo-Cancerologie (GFPC) Protocol 95-1, Ann Oncol, 12, 59, 10.1023/A:1008338312647
Lim, 2015, A randomized phase III trial of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) versus observation for patients with asymptomatic cerebral oligo-metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer, Ann Oncol, 26, 762, 10.1093/annonc/mdu584
Goldberg, 2016, Pembrolizumab for patients with melanoma or non-small-cell lung cancer and untreated brain metastases: early analysis of a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial, Lancet Oncol, 17, 976, 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30053-5
Rangachari, 2015, Brain metastases in patients with EGFR-mutated or ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancers, Lung Cancer, 88, 108, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.01.020
Baik, 2015, Targeted therapy for brain metastases in EGFR-mutated and ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer, J Thorac Oncol, 10, 1268, 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000615
Zimmermann, 2014, Indications and limitations of chemotherapy and targeted agents in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases, Cancer Treat Rev, 40, 716, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.03.005
Lanuti, 2016, Surgical management of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer, Thorac Surg Clin, 26, 287, 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2016.04.002
Novoa, 2016, Surgical management of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer, J Thorac Dis, 8, S895, 10.21037/jtd.2016.08.13
Eberhardt, 2015, The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: proposals for the revision of the M descriptors in the forthcoming eighth edition of the TNM classification of lung cancer, J Thorac Oncol, 10, 1515, 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000673
Downey, 2002, A phase II trial of chemotherapy and surgery for non-small cell lung cancer patients with a synchronous solitary metastasis, Lung Cancer, 38, 193, 10.1016/S0169-5002(02)00183-6
De Ruysscher, 2012, Radical treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer patients with synchronous oligometastases: long-term results of a prospective phase II trial (Nct01282450), J Thorac Oncol, 7, 1547, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318262caf6
Gomez, 2016, Local consolidative therapy versus maintenance therapy or observation for patients with oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer without progression after first-line systemic therapy: a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 study, Lancet Oncol, 17, 1672, 10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30532-0
David, 2017, The role of thoracic surgery in the therapeutic management of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, J Thorac Oncol, 12, 1636, 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.08.008
Kimura, 2010, Effects of a simple intraoperative intrathoracic hyperthermotherapy for lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion or dissemination, Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 10, 568, 10.1510/icvts.2009.225110
Wolf, 2014, Extrapleural pneumonectomy for pleural malignancies, Thorac Surg Clin, 24, 471, 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2014.07.014
Shaw, 2004, Pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD002916
Dresler, 2005, Phase III intergroup study of talc poudrage vs talc slurry sclerosis for malignant pleural effusion, Chest, 127, 909, 10.1378/chest.127.3.909
Davies, 2012, Effect of an indwelling pleural catheter vs chest tube and talc pleurodesis for relieving dyspnea in patients with malignant pleural effusion: the TIME2 randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 307, 2383, 10.1001/jama.2012.5535
Pilling, 2010, Prognostic factors for survival after surgical palliation of malignant pleural effusion, J Thorac Oncol, 5, 1544, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181e95cb8
Van Breussegem, 2017, Salvage surgery after high-dose radiotherapy, J Thorac Dis, 9, S193, 10.21037/jtd.2017.03.88
Duchateau, 2017, Salvage operation in case of oligometastatic disease, Ann Thorac Surg, 103, e409, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.11.019
David, 2017, A model to predict the use of surgical resection for advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients, Ann Thorac Surg, 104, 1665, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.05.071
Ashworth, 2014, An individual patient data metaanalysis of outcomes and prognostic factors after treatment of oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, Clin Lung Cancer, 15, 346, 10.1016/j.cllc.2014.04.003
Palma, 2014, The oligometastatic state - separating truth from wishful thinking, Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 11, 549, 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.96
Detterbeck, 2016, The IASLC lung cancer staging project: background data and proposed criteria to distinguish separate primary lung cancers from metastatic foci in patients with two lung tumors in the forthcoming eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer, J Thorac Oncol, 11, 651, 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.01.025
Kozower, 2013, Special treatment issues in non-small cell lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, Chest, 143, e369S, 10.1378/chest.12-2362
Tonnies, 2014, Metastasectomy for synchronous solitary non-small cell lung cancer metastases, Ann Thorac Surg, 98, 249, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.03.028
Griffioen, 2013, Treatment of multiple primary lung cancers using stereotactic radiotherapy, either with or without surgery, Radiother Oncol, 107, 403, 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.04.026
Chang, 2013, Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy: a potentially curable approach to early stage multiple primary lung cancer, Cancer, 119, 3402, 10.1002/cncr.28217
Collen, 2014, Phase II study of stereotactic body radiotherapy to primary tumor and metastatic locations in oligometastatic nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients, Ann Oncol, 25, 1954, 10.1093/annonc/mdu370
Iyengar, 2018, Consolidative radiotherapy for limited metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial, JAMA Oncol, 4, e173501, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.3501
deSouza, 2018, Strategies and technical challenges for imaging oligometastatic disease: recommendations from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer imaging group, Eur J Cancer, 91, 153, 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.12.012
Chow, 2012, Update on the systematic review of palliative radiotherapy trials for bone metastases, Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol), 24, 112, 10.1016/j.clon.2011.11.004
Sze, 2004, Palliation of metastatic bone pain: single fraction versus multifraction radiotherapy—a systematic review of the randomised trials, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, CD004721
Rosen, 2004, Long-term efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid in the treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma and other solid tumors: a randomized, Phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Cancer, 100, 2613, 10.1002/cncr.20308
Henry, 2011, Randomized, double-blind study of denosumab versus zoledronic acid in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced cancer (excluding breast and prostate cancer) or multiple myeloma, J Clin Oncol, 29, 1125, 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.3304
Scagliotti, 2012, Overall survival improvement in patients with lung cancer and bone metastases treated with denosumab versus zoledronic acid: subgroup analysis from a randomized phase 3 study, J Thorac Oncol, 7, 1823, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31826aec2b
Henry, 2014, Delaying skeletal-related events in a randomized phase 3 study of denosumab versus zoledronic acid in patients with advanced cancer: an analysis of data from patients with solid tumors, Support Care Cancer, 22, 679, 10.1007/s00520-013-2022-1
Temel, 2017, Effects of early integrated palliative care in patients with lung and GI cancer: a randomized clinical trial, J Clin Oncol, 35, 834, 10.1200/JCO.2016.70.5046
Temel, 2010, Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 363, 733, 10.1056/NEJMoa1000678
Cherny, 2017, ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale version 1.1, Ann Oncol, 28, 2340, 10.1093/annonc/mdx310
Horn, 2017, Nivolumab versus docetaxel in previously treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: two-year outcomes from two randomized, open-label, phase III trials (CheckMate 017 and CheckMate 057), J Clin Oncol, 35, 3924, 10.1200/JCO.2017.74.3062