Metabolic syndrome update
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Grundy, 2007, Metabolic syndrome: a multiplex cardiovascular risk factor, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, 399, 10.1210/jc.2006-0513
Grundy, 2005, Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement., Circulation, 112, 2735, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404
Grundy, 2008, Metabolic syndrome pandemic, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 28, 629, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151092
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III), 2002, Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report, Circulation, 106, 3143, 10.1161/circ.106.25.3143
Reaven, 1988, Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease, Diabetes, 37, 1595, 10.2337/diab.37.12.1595
Reaven, 2011, Insulin resistance: the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease, Med Clin North Am, 95, 875, 10.1016/j.mcna.2011.06.002
Ikramuddin, 2011, How bariatric and metabolic operations control metabolic syndrome, Br J Surg, 98, 1339, 10.1002/bjs.7652
Grundy, 2015, Adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome: too much, too little, or neither, Eur J Clin Invest, 45, 1209, 10.1111/eci.12519
Park, 2003, The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994, Arch Intern Med, 163, 427, 10.1001/archinte.163.4.427
Tchernof, 2013, Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update, Physiol Rev, 93, 359, 10.1152/physrev.00033.2011
Després, 2006, Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syndrome?, Ann Med, 38, 52, 10.1080/07853890500383895
Abate, 1995, Relationships of generalized and regional adiposity to insulin sensitivity in men, J Clin Invest, 96, 88, 10.1172/JCI118083
Lee, 2013, Adipose tissue heterogeneity: implication of depot differences in adipose tissue for obesity complications, Mol Aspects Med, 34, 1, 10.1016/j.mam.2012.10.001
Kelley, 2000, Subdivisions of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and insulin resistance, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 278, E941, 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.5.E941
Karpe, 2015, Biology of upper-body and lower-body adipose tissue—link to whole-body phenotypes, Nat Rev Endocrinol, 11, 90, 10.1038/nrendo.2014.185
Grundy, 2013, Waist circumference as measure of abdominal fat compartments, J Obes, 2013, 454285, 10.1155/2013/454285
Shulman, 2014, Ectopic fat in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiometabolic disease, N Engl J Med, 371, 2237, 10.1056/NEJMra1011035
Boden, 2011, Obesity, insulin resistance and free fatty acids, Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes, 18, 139, 10.1097/MED.0b013e3283444b09
Vega, 2006, Influence of body fat content and distribution on variation in metabolic risk, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 4459, 10.1210/jc.2006-0814
Lillioja, 1988, Obesity and insulin resistance: lessons learned from the Pima Indians, Diabetes Metab Rev, 4, 517, 10.1002/dmr.5610040508
Grundy, 2014, Ethnic and gender susceptibility to metabolic risk, Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 12, 110, 10.1089/met.2013.0113
Lehr, 2012, Adipokines: a treasure trove for the discovery of biomarkers for metabolic disorders, Proteomics Clin Appl, 6, 91, 10.1002/prca.201100052
Berg, 2005, Adipose tissue, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease, Circ Res, 96, 939, 10.1161/01.RES.0000163635.62927.34
Schoeller, 2008, Insights into energy balance from doubly labeled water, Int J Obes, 32, S72, 10.1038/ijo.2008.241
Buchwald, 2004, Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Am Med Assoc, 292, 1724, 10.1001/jama.292.14.1724
Goldberg, 2012, Targeting the consequences of the metabolic syndrome in the Diabetes Prevention Program, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 32, 2077, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.241893
Grundy, 1998, Hypertriglyceridemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome, Am J Cardiol, 81, 18B, 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00033-2
Grundy, 1990, Coronary heart disease in high-risk populations: lessons from Finland, Eur Heart J, 11, 462, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059730
Tabas, 2007, Subendothelial lipoprotein retention as the initiating process in atherosclerosis: update and therapeutic implications, Circulation, 116, 1832, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676890
Lendon, 1991, Atherosclerotic plaque caps are locally weakened when macrophages density is increased, Atherosclerosis, 87, 87, 10.1016/0021-9150(91)90235-U
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration, 2010, Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials, Lancet, 376, 1670, 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61350-5
Pyörälä, 2004, Reduction of cardiovascular events by simvastatin in nondiabetic coronary heart disease patients with and without the metabolic syndrome: subgroup analyses of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), Diabetes Care, 27, 1735, 10.2337/diacare.27.7.1735
Deedwania, 2006, Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Treating to New Targets study, Lancet, 368, 919, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69292-1
Matsushima, 2012, The effect of low-dose pravastatin in metabolic syndrome for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Japan: a post hoc analysis of the MEGA study, J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther, 17, 153, 10.1177/1074248411421777
Liu, 2006, Non-high-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and their risk predictive values in coronary heart disease, Am J Cardiol, 98, 1363, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.06.032
Ramjee, 2011, Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol versus apolipoprotein B in cardiovascular risk stratification: do the math, J Am Coll Cardiol, 58, 457, 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.05.009
McPherson, 2013, Remnant cholesterol: “Non-(HDL-C + LDL-C)” as a coronary artery disease risk factor, J Am Coll Cardiol, 61, 437, 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.009
Onat, 2007, Serum apolipoprotein B predicts dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and, in women, hypertension and diabetes, independent of markers of central obesity and inflammation, Int J Obes, 31, 1119, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803552
Clarenbach, 2007, Relationship of apolipoprotein B levels to the number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome, J Investig Med, 55, 237, 10.2310/6650.2007.00004
Ryoo, 2013, Association of apolipoprotein B and incidence of metabolic syndrome in Korean men: a 5-years’ follow-up study, Atherosclerosis, 226, 496, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.11.024
Barter, 1996, High density lipoproteins and coronary heart disease, Atherosclerosis, 121, 1, 10.1016/0021-9150(95)05675-0
Reaven, 1991, Relationship between insulin resistance and hypertension, Diabetes Care, 14, 33, 10.2337/diacare.14.4.33
Hall, 2000, Pathophysiology of obesity hypertension, Curr Hypertens Rep, 2, 139, 10.1007/s11906-000-0073-4
Ninomiya, 2004, Association of the metabolic syndrome with history of myocardial infarction and stroke in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Circulation, 109, 42, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000108926.04022.0C
Kurl, 2006, metabolic syndrome and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men, Stroke, 37, 806, 10.1161/01.STR.0000204354.06965.44
Golden, 2002, Risk factor groupings related to insulin resistance and their synergistic effects on subclinical atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Diabetes, 51, 3069, 10.2337/diabetes.51.10.3069
Bonora, 2003, Carotid atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in the metabolic syndrome: prospective data from the Bruneck Study, Diabetes Care, 26, 1251, 10.2337/diacare.26.4.1251
Bang, 2005, Association of the metabolic syndrome with intracranial atherosclerotic stroke, Neurology, 65, 296, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000168862.09764.9f
Ovbiagele, 2006, Impact of metabolic syndrome on prognosis of symptomatic intracranial atherostenosis, Neurology, 66, 1344, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000210530.46058.5c
Grundy, 2012, Pre-diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk, J Am Coll Cardiol, 59, 635, 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.080
Cameron, 2001, Vascular factors and metabolic interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, Diabetologia, 44, 1973, 10.1007/s001250100001
Groszek, 1980, The possible role of the arterial microcirculation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, J Chronic Dis, 33, 679, 10.1016/0021-9681(80)90054-5
Lumeng, 2011, Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease, J Clin Invest, 121, 2111, 10.1172/JCI57132
Johnson, 2012, The inflammation highway: metabolism accelerates inflammatory traffic in obesity, Immunol Rev, 249, 218, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2012.01151.x
Weisberg, 2006, CCR2 modulates inflammatory and metabolic effects of high-fat feeding, J Clin Invest, 116, 115, 10.1172/JCI24335
Khera, 2009, Sex differences in the relationship between C-reactive protein and body fat, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94, 3251, 10.1210/jc.2008-2406
Laugerette, 2014, Overfeeding increases postprandial endotoxemia in men: inflammatory outcome may depend on LPS transporters LBP and sCD14, Mol Nutr Food Res, 58, 1513, 10.1002/mnfr.201400044
Tam, 2010, Short-term overfeeding may induce peripheral insulin resistance without altering subcutaneous adipose tissue macrophages in humans, Diabetes, 59, 2164, 10.2337/db10-0162
Wieser, 2013, Inflammation, cytokines and insulin resistance: a clinical perspective, Arch Immunol Ther Exp, 61, 119, 10.1007/s00005-012-0210-1
Jones, 1993, Cytokines and hypothalamic-pituitary function, Cytokine, 5, 531, 10.1016/S1043-4666(05)80001-8
Oh, 2011, Interleukin-6 treatment induces beta-cell apoptosis via STAT-3-mediated nitric oxide production, Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 27, 813, 10.1002/dmrr.1233
Kostapanos, 2013, Hemostatic factors and the metabolic syndrome, Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 11, 880, 10.2174/15701611113116660171
Alessi, 2008, Metabolic syndrome, haemostasis and thrombosis, Thromb Haemost, 99, 995, 10.1160/TH07-11-0682
Kraja, 2007, Do inflammation and procoagulation biomarkers contribute to the metabolic syndrome cluster?, Nutr Metab, 4, 28, 10.1186/1743-7075-4-28
Rao, 2014, Alterations in insulin-signaling and coagulation pathways in platelets during hyperglycemia-hyperinsulinemia in healthy non-diabetic subject, Thromb Res, 134, 704, 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.06.029
Ay, 2007, Venous thromboembolism—a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, Haematologica, 92, 374, 10.3324/haematol.10828
Vaduganathan, 2008, Platelet reactivity and response to aspirin in subjects with the metabolic syndrome, Am Heart J, 156, 1002.e1, 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.08.002
1998, Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults—the evidence report. National Institutes of Health, Obes Res, 6, 51S
Grundy, 2002, Diet composition and the metabolic syndrome: what is the optimal fat intake?, Am J Med, 113, 25S, 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00988-3
Root, 2013, DASH-like diets high in protein or monounsaturated fats improve metabolic syndrome and calculated vascular risk, Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 83, 224, 10.1024/0300-9831/a000164
Jones, 2012, A Mediterranean-style, low-glycemic-load diet decreases atherogenic lipoproteins and reduces lipoprotein (a) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in women with metabolic syndrome, Metabolism, 61, 366, 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.07.013
Sacks, 2002, Randomized clinical trials on the effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate on plasma lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease, Am J Med, 113, 13S, 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00987-1
Gadgil, 2013, The effects of carbohydrate, unsaturated fat, and protein intake on measures of insulin sensitivity: results from the OmniHeart trial, Diabetes Care, 36, 1132, 10.2337/dc12-0869
1991, NIH conference. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity. Consensus Development Conference Panel, Ann Intern Med, 115, 956, 10.7326/0003-4819-115-12-956
Lakka, 2007, Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome, Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 32, 76, 10.1139/h06-113
Grundy, 2012, Cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk, Am J Cardiol, 109, 988, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.11.031
Farrell, 2012, Cardiorespiratory fitness, LDL cholesterol, and CHD morality in men, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 44, 2132, 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826524be
Grundy, 2009, Correlation of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with apolipoprotein B during simvastatin + fenofibrate therapy in patients with combined hyperlipidemia (a subanalysis of the SAFARI trial), Am J Cardiol, 104, 548, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.04.018
Kastelein, 2008, Lipids, apolipoproteins, and their ratios in relation to cardiovascular events with statin treatment, Circulation, 117, 3002, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.713438
Jarcho, 2015, Proof that lower is better–LDL cholesterol and IMPROVE-IT, N Engl J Med, 372, 2448, 10.1056/NEJMe1507041
Jacobson, 2015, National lipid association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: part 1—full report, J Clin Lipidol, 9, 129, 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.02.003
Cannon, 2015, Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes, N Engl J Med, 372, 2387, 10.1056/NEJMoa1410489
Robinson, 2015, Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events, N Engl J Med, 372, 1489, 10.1056/NEJMoa1501031
Sabatine, 2015, Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events, N Engl J Med, 372, 1500, 10.1056/NEJMoa1500858
Canner, 2006, Benefits of niacin in patients with versus without the metabolic syndrome and healed myocardial infarction (from the Coronary Drug Project), Am J Cardiol, 97, 477, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.08.070
Tenkanen, 2006, Gemfibrozil in the treatment of dyslipidemia: an 18-year mortality follow-up of the Helsinki Heart Study, Arch Intern Med, 166, 743, 10.1001/archinte.166.7.743
Robins, 2003, Insulin resistance and cardiovascular events with low HDL cholesterol: the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT), Diabetes Care, 26, 1513, 10.2337/diacare.26.5.1513
Scott, 2009, Effects of fenofibrate treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in 9,795 individuals with type 2 diabetes and various components of the metabolic syndrome: the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study, Diabetes Care, 32, 493, 10.2337/dc08-1543
Tenenbaum, 2005, Bezafibrate for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with metabolic syndrome, Arch Intern Med, 165, 1154, 10.1001/archinte.165.10.1154
AIM-HIGH Investigators, 2011, Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy, N Engl J Med, 365, 2255, 10.1056/NEJMoa1107579
HPS2-THRIVE Collaborative Group, 2014, Effects of extended-release niacin with laropiprant in high-risk patients, N Engl J Med, 371, 203, 10.1056/NEJMoa1300955
ACCORD Study Group, 2010, Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus, N Engl J Med, 362, 1563, 10.1056/NEJMoa1001282
Elam, 2011, The ACCORD-Lipid study: implications for treatment of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Clin Lipidol, 6, 9, 10.2217/clp.10.84
Keech, 2007, Effect of fenofibrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FIELD study): a randomized controlled trial, Lancet, 370, 1687, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61607-9
Rajamani, 2009, Effect of fenofibrate on amputation events in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (FIELD study): a prespecified analysis of a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 373, 1780, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60698-X
Cannon, 2010, Safety of anacetrapib in patients with or at high risk for coronary heart disease, N Engl J Med, 363, 2406, 10.1056/NEJMoa1009744
Reisin, 1978, Effect of weight loss without salt restriction on the reduction of blood pressure in overweight hypertensive patients, N Engl J Med, 298, 1, 10.1056/NEJM197801052980101
Tuck, 1981, The effect of weight reduction on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone levels in obese patients, N Engl J Med, 304, 930, 10.1056/NEJM198104163041602
Flores, 2014, Hypertension remission 1 year after bariatric surgery: predictive factors, Surg Obes Relat Dis, 10, 661, 10.1016/j.soard.2013.11.010
Ricci, 2014, Early impact of bariatric surgery on type II diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression on 6,587 patients, Obes Surg, 24, 522, 10.1007/s11695-013-1121-x
Wilhelm, 2014, Effect of bariatric surgery on hypertension: a meta-analysis, Ann Pharmacother, 48, 674, 10.1177/1060028014529260
Carey, 2005, Rationale and design of the Optimal Macro-Nutrient Intake Heart Trial to Prevent Heart Disease (OMNI-Heart), Clin Trials, 2, 529, 10.1191/1740774505cn123oa
Hikmat, 2014, Effects of the DASH diet on blood pressure in patients with and without metabolic syndrome: results from the DASH trial, J Hum Hypertens, 28, 170, 10.1038/jhh.2013.52
Zreikat, 2014, Effect of renin–angiotensin system inhibition on cardiovascular events in older hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome, Metabolism, 63, 392, 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.006
Kamide, 2014, Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in metabolic syndrome and obesity-related hypertension, Curr Hypertens Rev, 10.2174/1573402110666140812122349
Standl, 2012, What should be the antihypertensive drug of choice in diabetic patients and should we avoid drugs that increase glucose levels? Pro and Cons, Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 28, 60, 10.1002/dmrr.2355
Bakris, 2004, Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial, J Am Med Assoc, 292, 2227, 10.1001/jama.292.18.2227
Dronavalli, 2008, Mechanistic insights into diuretic-induced insulin resistance, Hypertension, 52, 1009, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.120923
Lithell, 1996, Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and the treatment of hypertension, Am J Hypertens, 9, 150S, 10.1016/0895-7061(96)00290-7
Farah, 2013, Calcium channel blocker effect on insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in essential hypertension patients, Int Angiol, 32, 85
Benson, 2004, Identification of telmisartan as a unique angiotensin II receptor antagonist with selective PPARgamma-modulating activity, Hypertension, 43, 993, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000123072.34629.57
Takagi, 2013, Telmisartan as a metabolic sartan: the first meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in metabolic syndrome, J Am Soc Hypertens, 7, 229, 10.1016/j.jash.2013.02.006
Fitchett, 2009, Results of the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND studies: an update and discussion, Vasc Health Risk Manag, 5, 21
American Diabetes Association, 2014, Standards of medical care in diabetes–2014, Diabetes Care, 37, S14, 10.2337/dc14-S014
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, 2009, 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study, Lancet, 374, 1677, 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61457-4
Cryer, 2014, Glycemic goals in diabetes: trade-off between glycemic control and iatrogenic hypoglycemia, Diabetes, 63, 2188, 10.2337/db14-0059
Holman, 2008, 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes, N Engl J Med, 359, 1577, 10.1056/NEJMoa0806470
Inzucchi, 2015, Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Diabetes Care, 38, 140, 10.2337/dc14-2441
Buchwald, 2009, Weight and type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Med, 122, e5, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.041
Ridker, 2014, Anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiovascular disease, Eur Heart J, 35, 1782, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu203
Everett, 2013, Rationale and design of the Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial: a test of the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis, Am Heart J, 166, 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.03.018
Ridker, 2011, Interleukin-1β inhibition and the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events: rationale and design of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS), Am Heart J, 162, 597, 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.06.012
Tardif, 2010, Treatment with 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor VIA-2291 (Atreleuton) in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome, Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 3, 298, 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.110.937169
Bladbjerg, 2014, Postprandial coagulation activation in overweight individuals after weight loss: acute and long-term effects of a high-monounsaturated fat diet and a low-fat diet, Thromb Res, 133, 327, 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.12.010
US Preventive Services Task Force, 2009, Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement, Ann Intern Med, 150, 396, 10.7326/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-00008