Metabolic Emergencies in the Child With Acute Leukemia

1999, 17 Rheingold, 2006, Oncologic emergencies, 1202 Eguiguren, 1992, Complications and outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis, Blood, 4, 871, 10.1182/blood.V79.4.871.bloodjournal794871 Bunin, 1985, Differing complications of hyperleukocytosis in children with acute lymphoblastic or acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia, J Clin Oncol, 3, 1590, 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.12.1590 Lowe, 2005, Early complications in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis, Pediatr Blood Cancer, 45, 10, 10.1002/pbc.20178 Creutzig, 2004, Early deaths and treatment-related mortality in children undergoing therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: analysis of the multicenter clinical trials AML-BFM 93 and AML-BFM 98, J Clin Oncol, 22, 4384, 10.1200/JCO.2004.01.191 Cairo, 2004, Tumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classification, Br J Haematol, 127, 3, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05094.x Seegmiller, 1963, Biochemistry of uric acid and its relation to gout, N Engl J Med, 268, 712, 10.1056/NEJM196303282681306 Coiffier, 2008, Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an evidence-based review, J. Clin Oncol, 26, 2767, 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.0177 Candrilli, 2008, A comparison of inpatient length of stay and costs among patients with hematologic malignancies (excluding Hodgkin disease) associated with and without acute renal failure, Clin Lymphoma Myeloma, 8, 44, 10.3816/CLM.2008.n.003 Levine, 2008, Challenges in the management of Burkitt's lymphoma, Clin Lymphoma, 8, S19 Hsu, 2004, Acute spontaneous tumor lysis presenting with hyperuricemic acute renal failure: clinical features and therapeutic approach, J Nephrol, 17, 50 Annemans, 2003, Incidence, medical resource utilization and costs of hyperuricemia and tumour lysis syndrome in patient with acute leukaemia and non–Hodgkin's lymphoma in four European countries, Leuk Lymphoma, 44, 77, 10.1080/1042819021000054661 Yim, 2003, Rasburicase for the treatment and prevention of hyperuricemia, Ann Pharmacother, 37, 1047, 10.1345/aph.1C336 Cheson, 1998, Tumor lysis syndrome: an uncommon complication of fludarabine therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, J Clin Oncol, 16, 2313, 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.7.2313 Cammalleri, 2007, Rasburicase represents a new tool for hyperuricemia in tumor lysis syndrome and in gout, Int J Med Sci, 4, 83, 10.7150/ijms.4.83 Kunkel, 2000, Optimizing the use of rituximab for treatment of B-cell non–Hodgkin's lymphoma: a benefit-risk update, Semin Oncol, 27, 53 Arseneau, 1975, American Burkitt's lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases. 1. Clinical factors relating to prolonged survival, Am J Med, 58, 314, 10.1016/0002-9343(75)90597-5 Landgrebe, 1975, Urinary-tract stones resulting from the excretion of oxypurinol, N Eng J Med, 292, 626, 10.1056/NEJM197503202921208 DeConti, 1966, Use of allopurinol for prevention and control of hyperuricemia in patients with neoplastic disease, N Engl J Med, 274, 481, 10.1056/NEJM196603032740902 Baeksgard, 2003, Acute tumor lysis syndrome in solid tumors: a case report and review of the literature, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 51, 187, 10.1007/s00280-002-0556-x Navolanic, 2003, Elitek rasburicase: an effective means to prevent and treat hyperuricemia associated with tumor lysis syndrome—a meeting report, Dallas, TX, January 2002, Leukemia, 17, 499, 10.1038/sj.leu.2402847 Wössmann, 2003, Incidence of tumor lysis syndrome in children with advanced stage Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia before and after introduction of prophylactic use of urate oxidase, Ann Hematol, 82, 160, 10.1007/s00277-003-0608-2 Cohen, 1980, Acute tumor lysis syndrome: a review of 37 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, Am J Med, 68, 486, 10.1016/0002-9343(80)90286-7 Cairo, 2010, Recommendations for the evaluation of risk and prophylaxis of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) in adults and children with malignant disease: an expert TLS panel consensus, Br J Haematol, 149, 578, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08143.x Jones, 1995, Tumor lysis syndrome: pathogenesis and management, Pediatr Nephrol, 9, 206, 10.1007/BF00860751 Silverman, 1989, Metabolic emergencies in clinical oncology, Semin Oncol, 16, 504 Andreoli, 1986, Purine excretion during tumor lysis in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia receiving allopurinol: relationship to acute renal failure, J Pediatr, 109, 292, 10.1016/S0022-3476(86)80387-0 Jeha, 2005, Efficacy and safety of rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase (Elitek), in the management of malignancy-associated hyperuricemia in pediatric and adult patients: final results of a multicenter compassionate use trial, Leukemia, 19, 34, 10.1038/sj.leu.2403566 Montesinas, 2005, Identification of risk factors for tumour lysis syndrome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: development of a prognostic score, Blood, 1843, 106 Jeha, 2001, Tumor lysis syndrome, Semin Hematol, 38, 4, 10.1016/S0037-1963(01)90037-X Ten Harkel, 1998, Alkalinization and the tumor lysis syndrome, Med Pediatr Oncol, 31, 27, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-911X(199807)31:1<27::AID-MPO6>3.0.CO;2-1 Tsokos, 1981, Renal and metabolic complications of undifferentiated and lymphoblastic lymphomas, Medicine (Baltimore), 60, 218, 10.1097/00005792-198105000-00005 Conger, 1977, Intrarenal dynamics in the pathogenesis and prevention of acute urate nephropathy, J Clin Invest, 59, 786, 10.1172/JCI108700 Goldman, 2001, A randomized comparison between rasburicase and allopurinol in children with lymphoma or leukemia at high risk for tumour lysis, Blood, 97, 2998, 10.1182/blood.V97.10.2998 Krakoff, 1965, Prevention of hyperuricemia in leukemia and lymphoma: use of allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, JAMA, 193, 1, 10.1001/jama.1965.03090010007001 Pui, 2001, Recombinant urate oxidase for the prophylaxis or treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with leukemia or lymphoma, J Clin Oncol, 19, 697, 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.3.697 Wortmann, 2005, Recent advances in the management of gout and hyperuricemia, Curr Opin Rheumatol, 17, 319, 10.1097/01.bor.0000162060.25895.a5 Arellano, 1993, Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: a review, Ann Pharmacother, 27, 337, 10.1177/106002809302700317 Yeldani, 1991, Molecular evolution of the urate oxidase–encoding gene in hominoid primates: nonsense mutations, Gene, 109, 281, 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90622-I Brogard, 1972, Enzymatic uricolysis: a study of the effect of a fungal urate-oxydase, Rev Eur Etud Clin Biol, 17, 890 Coiffier, 2003, J Clin Oncol, 21, 4402, 10.1200/JCO.2003.04.115 Kelly, 1997, Oncologic emergencies, Pediatr Clin North Am, 44, 809, 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70531-9 Stewart, 2005, Hypercalcemia associated with cancer, N Eng J Med, 352, 373, 10.1056/NEJMcp042806 Sargent, 2010, Haematological emergencies managing hypercalcaemia in adults and children with haematological disorders, Br J Haematol, 149, 465, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08173.x Vachvanichsanong, 1995, Severe hyperphosphatemia following acute tumor lysis syndrome, Med Pediatr Oncol, 24, 63, 10.1002/mpo.2950240115 Frei, 1963, Renal complications of neoplastic disease, J Chronic Dis, 16, 757, 10.1016/0021-9681(63)90010-9 Nomdededéu, 1994, Acute tumor lysis syndrome complicating conditioning therapy for bone marrow transplantation in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Bone Marrow Transpl, 13, 659 Boccia, 1985, Multiple recurrences of acute tumor lysis syndrome in an indolent non–Hodgkin's lymphoma, Cancer, 56, 2295, 10.1002/1097-0142(19851101)56:9<2295::AID-CNCR2820560926>3.0.CO;2-X Friedman, 2005, An introduction to phosphate binders for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, Kidney Int Suppl, 96, S2, 10.1016/S0085-2538(15)51226-X Wechsler, 1994, Resolution of nephrocalcinosis associated with tumor lysis syndrome, Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 11, 115, 10.3109/08880019409141909 Gomez, 1987, Acute tumor lysis syndrome in prolymphocytic leukemia, Arch Intern Med, 147, 375, 10.1001/archinte.147.2.375 McKay, 1993, Hypercalcemia complicating childhood malignancies, Cancer, 72, 256, 10.1002/1097-0142(19930701)72:1<256::AID-CNCR2820720145>3.0.CO;2-D Leblanc, 1984, Hypercalcemia preferentially occurs in unusual forms of childhood non–Hodgkin's lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Wilm's tumor: a study of 11 cases, Cancer, 54, 2132, 10.1002/1097-0142(19841115)54:10<2132::AID-CNCR2820541013>3.0.CO;2-V Trehan, 2009, Hypercalcemia in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an overview, J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 31, 424, 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181a1c12b Inukai, 2007, Hypercalcaemia in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: frequent implication of parathyroid hormone–related peptide and E2A-HLF from translocation 17;19, Leukemia, 21, 288, 10.1038/sj.leu.2404496 Syed, 2001, Parathyroid hormone–related protein-(1-36) simulates renal tubular calcium resorption in normal human volunteers: implications for the pathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, 1525, 10.1210/jc.86.4.1525 Nakayana, 1996, Differences in bone and vitamin D metabolism between primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy associated hypercalcemia, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 607, 10.1210/jc.81.2.607 Niizuma, 2007, PTHrP-independent hypercalcemia with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and bone resorption in two children with CD19-negative precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Pediatr Blood Cancer, 49, 990, 10.1002/pbc.20782 Lagman, 2003, Dangerous nutrition? Calcium, vitamin D and shark cartilage nutritional supplements and cancer-related hypercalcemia, Support Care Cancer, 11, 232, 10.1007/s00520-002-0428-2 Bilezikian, 1992, Management of acute hypercalcemia, N Engl J Med, 326, 1196, 10.1056/NEJM199204303261806 LeGrand, 2008, Narrative review: furosemide for hypercalcemia: an unproven yet common practice, Ann Int Med, 149, 259, 10.7326/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-00007 Leyland-Jones, 2004, Treating cancer-related hypercalcemia with gallium nitrate, J Support Oncol, 2, 509 Body, 1998, Current use of bisphosphonates in oncology, J Clin Oncol, 16, 3890, 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.12.3890 Lteif, 1998, Bisphosphonates for treatment of childhood hypercalcemia, Pediatrics, 102, 990, 10.1542/peds.102.4.990 Young, 1998, Use of pamidronate in management of acute cancer-related hypercalcemia in children, Med Pediatr Oncol, 30, 117, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-911X(199802)30:2<117::AID-MPO9>3.0.CO;2-L Unal, 2008, The rapid correction of hypercalcemia at presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia using high-dose methylprednisolone, Turk J Pediatr, 50, 171 Harutsami, 1995, A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia accompanied with the production of parathyroid hormone–related protein, Miner Electrolyte Metab, 21, 171 Adrogue, 2000, Primary care: hyponatremia, N Engl J Med, 342, 1581, 10.1056/NEJM200005253422107 Pimental, 1993, Medical complications of oncologic disease, Emerg Med Clin North Am, 11, 407, 10.1016/S0733-8627(20)30639-8 Milionis, 1999, Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities in patients with acute leukemia, Am J Hematol, 62, 201, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8652(199912)62:4<201::AID-AJH1>3.0.CO;2-1 Sorensen, 1995, Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in malignant disease, J Intern Med, 238, 97, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1995.tb00907.x Kirch, 1997, Recurrent ifosfamide-induced hyponatremia, Eur J Cancer, 33, 2438, 10.1016/S0959-8049(97)00329-8 Cadnapaphornchai, 2000, Pathogenesis and management of hyponatremia, Am J Med, 109, 688, 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00622-7 Albanese, 2001, Management of hyponatremia in patients with acute cerebral insults, Arch Dis Child, 85, 246, 10.1136/adc.85.3.246 Filippatos TD, Milionis HJ, Elisaf MS. Alterations in electrolyte equilibrium in patients with acute leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2005;75:449-460.