Memory traces of trace memories: neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and awareness

Pavlov, 1927 Gormezano, 1983, Twenty years of classical conditioning research with the rabbit Weiss, 1999, Hippocampal lesions prevent trace eyeblink conditioning in the freely moving rat, Behav. Brain Res., 99, 123, 10.1016/S0166-4328(98)00096-5 McEchron, 1998, Hippocampectomy disrupts auditory trace fear conditioning and contextual fear conditioning in the rat, Hippocampus, 8, 638, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1998)8:6<638::AID-HIPO6>3.0.CO;2-Q McEchron, 2000, Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus disrupt auditory-cued trace heart (fear) conditioning in rabbits, Hippocampus, 10, 739, 10.1002/1098-1063(2000)10:6<739::AID-HIPO1011>3.0.CO;2-I Balsam, 1984, Relative time in trace conditioning, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 423, 211, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23432.x Balsam, 2002, Timing at the start of associative learning, Learn. Motiv., 33, 141, 10.1006/lmot.2001.1104 Kamin, 1965, Temporal and intensity characteristics of the conditioned stimulus, 118 Kaplan, 1982, Bridging temporal gaps between CS and US in autoshaping: insertion of other stimuli before, during and after CS, J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process., 8, 187, 10.1037/0097-7403.8.2.187 Rescorla, 1982, Effects of a stimulus intervening between CS and US in autoshaping, J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process., 8, 131, 10.1037/0097-7403.8.2.131 Kaplan, 1984, Bridging temporal gaps between CS and US in autoshaping: a test of a local context hypothesis, Anim. Learn. Behav, 12, 142, 10.3758/BF03213133 Kehoe, 1983, Conditioning with serial compound stimuli: theoretical and empirical issues, Exp. Anim. Behav., 1, 30 Solomon, 1986, Hippocampus and trace conditioning of the rabbit's classically conditioned nictitating membrane response, Behav. Neurosci., 100, 729, 10.1037/0735-7044.100.5.729 Beylin, 2001, The role of the hippocampus in trace conditioning: temporal incongruity or task difficulty?, Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 76, 447, 10.1006/nlme.2001.4039 Scoville, 1957, Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 20, 11, 10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11 Corkin, 2002, What's new with the amnesic patient H.M.?, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 3, 153, 10.1038/nrn726 Woodruff-Pak, 1993, Eyeblink classical conditioning in H.M.: delay and trace paradigms, Behav. Neurosci., 107, 911, 10.1037/0735-7044.107.6.911 Kim, 1995, Hippocampectomy impairs the memory of recently, but not remotely, acquired trace conditioned responses, Behav. Neurosci., 109, 195, 10.1037/0735-7044.109.2.195 Takehara, 2002, Time-dependent reorganization of the brain components underlying memory retention in trace eyeblink conditioning, J. Neurosci., 23, 9897, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-30-09897.2003 Kronforst-Collins, 1998, Lesions of the caudal area of rabbit medial prefrontal cortex impair trace eyeblink conditioning, Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 69, 147, 10.1006/nlme.1997.3818 Woodruff-Pak, 1985, Trace conditioning: abolished by cerebellar nuclear lesions but not lateral cerebellar cortex aspirations, Brain Res., 348, 249, 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90443-3 Krupa, 1993, Localization of a memory trace in the mammalian brain, Science, 260, 989, 10.1126/science.8493536 Berger, 1983, Single-unit analysis of different hippocampal cell types during classical conditioning of rabbit nictitating membrane response, J. Neurophysiol., 50, 1197, 10.1152/jn.1983.50.5.1197 Weisz, 1984, Increased responsivity of dentate granule cells during nictitating membrane response conditioning in rabbit, Behav. Brain Res., 12, 145, 10.1016/0166-4328(84)90037-8 Leuner, 2003, Associative memory formation increases the observation of dendritic spines in the hippocampus, J. Neurosci., 23, 659, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-02-00659.2003 Stark, 2002, Recognition memory for single items and for associations is similarly impaired following damage to the hippocampal region, Learn. Mem., 9, 238, 10.1101/lm.51802 Squire, 1996, Structure and function of declarative and non-declarative memory systems, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 93, 13515, 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13515 Wallenstein, 1998, The hippocampus as an associator of discontiguous events, Trends Neurosci., 21, 317, 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01220-4 Fortin, 2002, Critical role of the hippocampus in memory for sequences of events, Nat. Neurosci., 5, 458, 10.1038/nn834 McEchron, 2003, Single neurons in CA1 hippocampus encode trace interval duration during trace heart rate (fear) conditioning in rabbit, J. Neurosci., 23, 1535, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01535.2003 Cameron, 1993, Differentiation of newly born neurons and glia in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat, Neuroscience, 56, 337, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90335-D Eriksson, 1998, Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus, Nat. Med., 4, 1313, 10.1038/3305 Gould, 2001, Adult-generated hippocampal and neocortical neurons in macaques have a transient existence, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 98, 10910, 10.1073/pnas.181354698 Rakic, 2002, Neurogenesis in adult primates, Prog. Brain Res., 138, 3, 10.1016/S0079-6123(02)38067-1 Cameron, 1994, Adult neurogenesis is regulated by adrenal steroids in the dentate gyrus, Neuroscience, 61, 203, 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90224-0 Gould, 1999, Learning enhances adult neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal formation, Nat. Neurosci., 2, 260, 10.1038/6365 Cameron, 2001, Adult neurogenesis produces a large pool of new granule cells in the dentate gyrus, J. Comp. Neurol., 435, 406, 10.1002/cne.1040 Hastings, 1999, Rapid extension of axons into the CA3 region by adult-generated granule cells, J. Comp. Neurol., 413, 146, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19991011)413:1<146::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-B van Praag, 2002, Functional neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, Nature, 415, 1030, 10.1038/4151030a Nottebohm, 2002, Neuronal replacement in adult brain, Brain Res. Bull., 57, 737, 10.1016/S0361-9230(02)00750-5 Shors, 2001, Neurogenesis in the adult is involved in the formation of trace memories, Nature, 410, 372, 10.1038/35066584 Shors, 2002, Neurogenesis may relate to some but not all types of hippocampal-dependent learning, Hippocampus, 12, 578, 10.1002/hipo.10103 Madsen, 2003, Arrested neuronal proliferation and impaired hippocampal function following fractionated brain irradiation in the adult rat, Neuroscience, 119, 635, 10.1016/S0306-4522(03)00199-4 Kempermann, 1997, More hippocampal neurons in adult mice living in an enriched environment, Nature, 386, 493, 10.1038/386493a0 Gould, 1997, Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult tree shrew is regulated by psychosocial stress and NMDA receptor activation, J. Neurosci., 17, 2492, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-07-02492.1997 Tanapat, 2001, Exposure to fox odor inhibits cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult rats via an adrenal hormone-dependent mechanism, J. Comp. Neurol., 437, 496, 10.1002/cne.1297 Lemaire, 2000, Prenatal stress produced learning deficits associated with inhibition of neurogenesis in the hippocampus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 97, 11032, 10.1073/pnas.97.20.11032 Drapeau, 2003, Spatial memory performances of aged rats in the water maze predict levels of hippocampal neurogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 100, 14385, 10.1073/pnas.2334169100 Shors et al. (2003) Associative memory formation persistently enhances the survival of newly-generated neurons in the adult hippocampus. Program No. 936.16. 2003 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience. Knuttinen, 2001, Awareness in classical differential eyeblink conditioning in young and aging humans, Behav. Neurosci., 115, 747, 10.1037/0735-7044.115.4.747 Clark, 1998, Classical conditioning and brain systems: the role of awareness, Science, 280, 77, 10.1126/science.280.5360.77 Clark, 2001, Trace and delay eyeblink conditioning: contrasting phenomena of declarative and nondeclarative memory, Psychol. Sci., 12, 304, 10.1111/1467-9280.00356 Riedel, 1999, Reversible neural activation reveals hippocampal participation in several memory processes, Nat. Neurosci., 2, 898, 10.1038/13202 Berger, 1983, Hippocampectomy selectively disrupts discrimination reversal conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response, Behav. Brain Res., 8, 49, 10.1016/0166-4328(83)90171-7 Rodriguez, 2001, A model of hippocampal activity in trace conditioning: where's the trace?, Behav. Neurosci., 115, 1224, 10.1037/0735-7044.115.6.1224 Miller, 1988, Use of bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry to examine the proliferation, migration and time of origin of cells in the central nervous system, Brain Res., 457, 44, 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90055-8