Membrane stabilization during freezing: The role of two natural cryoprotectants, trehalose and proline

Ahokas, 1977, The effect of salinity and temperature on intracellular osmoregulation and muscle free amino acids in Fundulus diaphanus, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 56A, 101, 10.1016/0300-9629(77)90448-0 Armstrong, 1981, High salinity acclimation by the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Uptake of exogenous ammonia and changes in endogenous nitrogen compounds, Biol. Bull., 160, 349, 10.2307/1540844 Barnett, 1978, The effects of dimethylsulfoxide and glycerol on Na+, K+-ATPase and membrane structure, Cryobiology, 15, 227, 10.1016/0011-2240(78)90029-9 Baskin, 1971, Ultrastructure and calcium transport in crustacean muscle microsomes, J. Cell Biol., 48, 49, 10.1083/jcb.48.1.49 Chu, 1978, Accumulation of proline at low temperatures, Physiol. Plant., 43, 254, 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb02573.x Clegg, 1965, Origin of trehalose and its significance during formation of encysted dormant embryos of Artemia, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 14, 135, 10.1016/0010-406X(65)90014-9 Crowe, 1985, Effects of dehydration on membranes and membrane stabilization at low water activities, Vol. 5 Crowe, 1984, Preservation of membranes in anhydrobiotic organisms: The role of trehalose, Science (Washington, D.C.), 223, 701, 10.1126/science.223.4637.701 Crowe, 1983, Preservation of structure and functional activity in lyophilized sarcoplasmic reticulum, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 220, 477, 10.1016/0003-9861(83)90438-1 Cullis, 1978, Effects of fusogenic agent on membrane structure of erythrocyte ghosts and the mechanism of membrane fusion, Nature (London), 271, 672, 10.1038/271672a0 Farrant, 1977, Use of two step cooling procedures to examine factors influencing cell survival following freezing and thawing, Cryohiology, 14, 273, 10.1016/0011-2240(77)90176-6 Franks, 1983, Solute-water interactions: Do polyhydroxy compounds alter the properties of water?, Cryobiology, 20, 335, 10.1016/0011-2240(83)90022-6 Griffiths, 1978, Effect of hypertonic stress on mammalian cell lines and its relevance to freeze-thaw injury, Cryobiology, 15, 517, 10.1016/0011-2240(78)90073-1 Kanike, 1974, Study on the differential modifications of Na-K-ATPase and its partial reactions by dimethyl-sulfoxide, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 352, 275, 10.1016/0005-2736(74)90219-3 Leibo, 1978, Microscopic observation of intracellular ice formation in unfertilized mouse ova as a function of cooling rate, Cryobiology, 15, 257, 10.1016/0011-2240(78)90036-6 MacDonald, 1983, Lipid mixing during freeze-thawing of liposomal membranes as monitored by fluorescence energy transfer, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 735, 243, 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90299-7 Madin, 1975, Anhydrobiosis in nematodes: Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during dehydration, J. Exp. Zool., 211, 335, 10.1002/jez.1401930309 Maggio, 1978, Interactions of water soluble fusogens with phospholipids in monolayers, FEBS Lett., 94, 301, 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80962-4 Martinosi, 1964, Sarcoplasmic reticulum. II. Correlation between adenosine triphosphate activity and Ca uptake, J. Biol. Chem., 239, 659 Mazur, 1970, Cryobiology: The freezing of biological systems, Science (Washington. D.C.), 168, 939, 10.1126/science.168.3934.939 Papahadjopoulos, 1976, Studies on membrane fusion: 1. Interactions of pure phospholipid membranes and the effect of myristic acid, lysolecithin, proteins and dimethylsulfoxide, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 448, 245, 10.1016/0005-2736(76)90240-6 Payen, 1949, Variations des teneurs en glycogene et en trehalose pendent le séchage de la levure, Canad. J. Res., 27, 749, 10.1139/cjr49b-077 Schobert, 1977, Is there an osmoregulatory mechanism in algae and higher plants?, J. Theor. Biol., 68, 17, 10.1016/0022-5193(77)90224-7 Schobert, 1978, Unusual solution properties of proline and its interaction with proteins, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 541, 270, 10.1016/0304-4165(78)90400-2 Stewart, 1974, The role of proline accumulation in halophytes, Planta (Berlin), 120, 279, 10.1007/BF00390296 Sussman, 1959, Role of trehalose in ascopores of Neurospora tetrasperma, Nature (London), 130, 1343 Tanford, 1980 Uster, 1981, Fusion competence of phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes quantitatively measured by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 209, 385, 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90296-4