Melanoma in Singapore: A 20-year review of disease and treatment outcomes

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore - Tập 50 Số 6 - Trang 456-466 - 2021
Pei Ming Yeo1, Ziying Vanessa Lim1, Wei Tan1, Xiahong Zhao1, Hui Yi Chia1, Suat Hoon Tan1,2, Nicholas B. Shannon3, Melissa Wee Ping Tan1,2
1National Skin Centre, Singapore
2Dermatology
3Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore Correspondence: Dr Ziying Vanessa Lim, National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205.

Tóm tắt

Introduction: Melanomas in Asians have different clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis from melanomas in Caucasians. This study reviewed the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of cutaneous melanoma diagnosed at a tertiary referral dermatology centre in Singapore, which has a multiracial population. The study also determined whether Asians had comparable relapse-free and overall survival periods to Caucasians in Singapore. Method: This is a retrospective review of cutaneous melanoma cases in our centre between 1996 and 2015. Results: Sixty-two cases of melanoma were diagnosed in 61 patients: 72.6% occurred in Chinese, 19.4% in Caucasians and 3.2% in Indians, with an over-representation of Caucasians. Superficial spreading melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma and nodular melanoma comprised 37.1%, 35.5% and 22.6% of the cases, respectively. The median time interval to diagnosis was longer in Asians than Caucasians; median Breslow’s thickness in Asians were significantly thicker than in Caucasians (2.6mm versus 0.9mm, P=0.018) and Asians tend to present at a later stage. The mortality rates for Asians and Caucasians were 52% and 0%, respectively. Conclusion: More physician and patient education on skin cancer awareness is needed in our Asian-predominant population for better outcomes. Keywords: Asian, melanoma, nails, skin neoplasm, survival

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer 2019;144:1941-53.

Chang JW, Guo J, Hung CY, et al. Sunrise in melanoma management: Time to focus on melanoma burden in Asia. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017;13:423-7.

Edge SB, Compton CC. The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol 2010;17:1471-74.

StataCorp. 2017. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. College Station, US: StataCorp LLC.

Lee HY, Chay WY, Tang MB, et al. Melanoma: differences between Asian and Caucasian patients. Ann Acad Med Singap 2012;41:17-20.

Tan E, Chua SH, Lim JT, et al. Malignant melanoma seen in a tertiary dermatological centre, Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap 2001;30:414-8.

Pailoor J, Mun KS, Leow M. Cutaneous malignant melanoma: clinical and histopathological review of cases in a Malaysian tertiary referral center. Malays J Pathol 2012;34:97-101.

Ingkaninanda P, Visessiri Y, Rutnin S. Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Factors of Malignant Melanoma: A Retrospective Analysis of Thai Patients in Ramathibodi Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai 2015;98:820-7.

Chi Z, Li S, Sheng X, et al. Clinical presentation, histology, and prognoses of malignant melanoma in ethnic Chinese: A study of 522 consecutive cases. BMC Cancer 2011;11:85.

Chan KK, Chan RC, Ho RS, et al. Clinical Patterns of Melanoma in Asians: 11-Year Experience in a Tertiary Referral Center. Ann Plast Surg 2016;77:S6-S11.

Chang JW. Cutaneous Melanoma: Taiwan experience and literature review. Chang Gung Med J 2010;33:602-12.

Kim JE, Chung BY, Sim CY, et al. Clinicopathologic Features and Prognostic Factors of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma: a Multicenter Study in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2019;34:e126.

Ishihara K, Saida T, Otsuka F, et al. Statistical profiles of malignant melanoma and other skin cancers in Japan: 2007 update. Int J Clin Oncol 2008;13:33-41.

Panda S, Dash S, Besra K, et al. Clinicopathological study of malignant melanoma in a regional cancer center. Indian J Cancer 2018;55:292-6.

Melanoma Patient Network Europe. Melanoma – The Facts, December 2019. Available at: http://www.melanomapatientnetworkeu.org/ melanoma.html. Last accessed on 15 April 2020.

Levit EK, Kagen MH, Scher RK, et al. The ABC rule for clinical detection of subungual melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 42:269-74.

Kundu RV, Kamaria M, Ortiz S, et al. Effectiveness of a knowledge-based intervention for melanoma among those with ethnic skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:777-84.

Merkel EA, Gerami P. Malignant melanoma of sun-protected sites: a review of clinical, histological and molecular features. Lab Invest 2017;97:630-5.

Albreski D, Sloan SB. Melanoma of the feet: misdiagnosed and misunderstood. Clin Dermatol 2009;27:556-63.

Benati E, Ribero S, Longo C, et al. Clinical and dermoscopic clues to differentiate pigmented nail bands: an International Dermoscopy Society study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017;31:732-6.

Losina E, Walensky RP, Geller A, et al. Visual Screening for Malignant Melanoma: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:21-8.

Gordon LG, Rowell D. Health system costs of skin cancer and cost-effectiveness of skin cancer prevention and screening: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer Prev 2015;24:141-9.

Adamson AS, Jarmul JA, Pignone MP. Screening for Melanoma in Men: a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:1175-81.

Curtin JA, Busam K, Pinkel D, et al. Somatic activation of KIT in distinct subtypes of melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4340-6.

Hayward NK, Wilmott JS, Waddell N, et al. Whole-genome landscapes of major melaoma subtypes. Nature 2017;545:175-80.

Liang WS, Hendricks W, Kiefer J, et al. Integrated genomic analyses reveal frequent TERT aberrations in acral melanoma. Genome Res2017;27:524-32.

Yeh I, Jorgenson E, Shen L, et al. Targeted Genomic Profiling of Acral Melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019;111:1068-77.

Ascierto PA, Long GV, Robert C, et al. Survival Outcomes in Patients With Previously Untreated BRAF Wild-Type Advanced Melanoma Treated With Nivolumab Therapy: Three-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Phase 3 Trial. JAMA Oncol 2019;5:187-94.

Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Five-Year Survival with Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma. N Engl J Med 2019;381:1535-46.

Robert C, Ribas A, Schachter J, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma (KEYNOTE-006): post-hoc 5-year results from an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study. The Lancet Oncology 2019; 20:1239-51.

Nakamura Y, Namikawa K, Yoshino K, et al. Anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor therapy in acral melanoma: a multicenter study of 193 Japanese patients. Ann Oncol 2020;3:1198-1206.

Tang B, Chi Z, Chen Y, et al. Safety, Efficacy and Biomarker Analysis of Toripalimab in previously treated advanced melanoma: results of the POLARIS-01 multicenter phase II trial. Clin Cancer Res 2020;26:4250-9.

Teh YL, Goh WL, Tan SH, et al. Treatment and outcomes of melanoma in Asia: Results from the National Cancer Centre Singapore. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018;14:e95-e102.

Sheen YS, Liao YH, Liau JY, et al. Prevalence of BRAF and NRAS mutations in cutaneous melanoma patients in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2016;115:121-7.

Guo J, Carvajal RD, Dummer R, et al. Efficacy and safety of nilotinib in patients with KIT-mutated metastatic or inoperable melanoma: final results from the global, single-arm, phase II TEAM trial. Ann Oncol 2017;28:1380-7.

Guo J, Si L, Kong Y, et al. Phase II, open-label, single-arm trial of imatinib mesylate in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring c-Kit mutation or amplification. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:2904-9.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore

Tập 50 Số 6

456-466

Thông tin tác giả