Melanocortin-4 receptor in swamp eel (Monopterus albus): Cloning, tissue distribution, and pharmacology

Aspiras, 2015, Melanocortin 4 receptor mutations contribute to the adaptation of cavefish to nutrient-poor conditions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 112, 9668, 10.1073/pnas.1510802112 Balthasar, 2005, Divergence of melanocortin pathways in the control of food intake and energy expenditure, Cell, 123, 493, 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.035 Cerda-Reverter, 2003, Molecular cloning, pharmacological characterization, and brain mapping of the melanocortin 4 receptor in the goldfish: involvement in the control of food intake, Endocrinology, 144, 2336, 10.1210/en.2002-0213 Cerda-Reverter, 2003, The central melanocortin system regulates food intake in goldfish, Regul. Pept., 115, 101, 10.1016/S0167-0115(03)00144-7 Chen, 1987, High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA, Mol. Cell. Biol., 7, 2745, 10.1128/MCB.7.8.2745 Cheng, 2003, The rice field eel as a model system for vertebrate sexual development, Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 101, 274, 10.1159/000074348 Dores, 2005, Trends in the evolution of the proopiomelanocortin gene, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 142, 81, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.02.003 Fan, 2009, Functional characterization and pharmacological rescue of melanocortin-4 receptor mutations identified from obese patients, J. Cell. Mol. Med., 13, 3268, 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00726.x Fong, 1997, ART (protein product of agouti-related transcript) as an antagonist of MC-3 and MC-4 receptors, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 237, 629, 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7200 Gantz, 1993, Molecular cloning of a novel melanocortin receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 8246, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53088-X Haitina, 2004, Cloning, tissue distribution, pharmacology and three-dimensional modelling of melanocortin receptors 4 and 5 in rainbow trout suggest close evolutionary relationship of these subtypes, Biochem. J., 380, 475, 10.1042/bj20031934 Haskell-Luevano, 2001, Agouti-related protein functions as an inverse agonist at a constitutively active brain melanocortin-4 receptor, Regul. Pept., 99, 1, 10.1016/S0167-0115(01)00234-8 Hinney, 1999, Several mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene including a nonsense and a frameshift mutation associated with dominantly inherited obesity in humans, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 84, 1483, 10.1210/jcem.84.4.5728 Hinney, 2013, Melanocortin-4 receptor in energy homeostasis and obesity pathogenesis, Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci., 114, 147, 10.1016/B978-0-12-386933-3.00005-4 Huszar, 1997, Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice, Cell, 88, 131, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81865-6 Jiang, 2017, Effects of melanocortin-4 receptor agonists and antagonists on expression of genes related to reproduction in spotted scat, Scatophagus argus, J. Comp. Physiol. B., 187, 603, 10.1007/s00360-017-1062-0 Khong, 2001, Expression of functional melanocortin-4 receptor in the hypothalamic GT1-1 cell line, Neuroendocrinology, 74, 193, 10.1159/000054686 Klovins, 2004, The melanocortin system in Fugu: determination of POMC/AGRP/MCR gene repertoire and synteny, as well as pharmacology and anatomical distribution of the MCRs, Mol. Biol. Evol., 21, 563, 10.1093/molbev/msh050 Kumar, 2016, MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets, Mol. Biol. Evol., 33, 1870, 10.1093/molbev/msw054 Lampert, 2010, Determination of onset of sexual maturation and mating behavior by melanocortin receptor 4 polymorphisms, Curr. Biol., 20, 1729, 10.1016/j.cub.2010.08.029 Li, 2016, Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and pharmacological characterization of melanocortin-4 receptor in spotted scat, Scatophagus argus, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 230-231, 143, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.04.010 Li, 2017, Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and pharmacological characterization of melanocortin-4 receptor in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Domest. Anim. Endocrinol., 59, 140, 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.11.004 Liem, 1963, Sex reversal as a natural process in the synbranchiform fish Monopterus albus, Copeia, 303, 10.2307/1441348 Liu, 1944, Rudimentary hermaphroditism in the symbranchoid eel, Monopterus javanensis, Sinensia, 15, 1 Livak, 2001, Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method, Methods, 25, 402, 10.1006/meth.2001.1262 Lo Nostro, 2003, Involvement of the gonadal germinal epithelium during sex reversal and seasonal testicular cycling in the protogynous swamp eel, Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch 1795 (Teleostei, Synbranchidae), J. Morphol., 257, 107, 10.1002/jmor.10105 Magenis, 1994, Mapping of the ACTH, MSH, and neural (MC3 and MC4) melanocortin receptors in the mouse and human, Mamm. Genome, 5, 503, 10.1007/BF00369320 Mo, 2013, Activation of MAPK by inverse agonists in six naturally occurring constitutively active mutant human melanocortin-4 receptors, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1832, 1939, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.06.006 Mo, 2012, Functions of transmembrane domain 3 of human melanocortin-4 receptor, J. Mol. Endocrinol., 49, 221, 10.1530/JME-12-0162 Mountjoy, 1994, Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain, Mol. Endocrinol., 8, 1298 Nijenhuis, 2001, AgRP(83-132) acts as an inverse agonist on the human melanocortin-4 receptor, Mol. Endocrinol., 15, 164 Nishi, 2002, The ectodomain of the luteinizing hormone receptor interacts with exoloop 2 to constrain the transmembrane region. Studies using chimeric human and fly receptors, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 3958, 10.1074/jbc.M109617200 Ollmann, 1997, Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein, Science, 278, 135, 10.1126/science.278.5335.135 Paavola, 2011, The N terminus of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR56 controls receptor signaling activity, J. Biol. Chem., 286, 28914, 10.1074/jbc.M111.247973 Palczewski, 2000, Crystal structure of rhodopsin: a G protein-coupled receptor, Science, 289, 739, 10.1126/science.289.5480.739 Poitout, 2007, Identification of a novel series of benzimidazoles as potent and selective antagonists of the human melanocortin-4 receptor, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17, 4464, 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.010 Roa, 2012, Direct regulation of GnRH neuron excitability by arcuate nucleus POMC and NPY neuron neuropeptides in female mice, Endocrinology, 153, 5587, 10.1210/en.2012-1470 Saitou, 1987, The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees, Mol. Biol. Evol., 4, 406 Sanchez, 2009, Phosphodiesterase inhibitor-dependent inverse agonism of agouti-related protein on melanocortin 4 receptor in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 296, R1293, 10.1152/ajpregu.90948.2008 Schjolden, 2009, Melanocortin peptides affect the motivation to feed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 160, 134, 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.11.003 Sebag, 2013, Developmental control of the melanocortin-4 receptor by MRAP2 proteins in zebrafish, Science, 341, 278, 10.1126/science.1232995 Sebhat, 2002, Design and pharmacology of N-[(3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium-3-ylcarbonyl]-(1R)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-[4-cyclohexyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethylamine (1), a potent, selective, melanocortin subtype-4 receptor agonist, J. Med. Chem., 45, 4589, 10.1021/jm025539h Sheng, 2014, Identification of Dmrt genes and their up-regulation during gonad transformation in the swamp eel (Monopterus albus), Mol. Biol. Rep., 41, 1237, 10.1007/s11033-013-2968-6 Smith, 1988, Proopiomelanocortin processing in the pituitary, central nervous system, and peripheral tissues, Endocr. Rev., 9, 159, 10.1210/edrv-9-1-159 Smith, 2015, Copy number variation in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene and alternative reproductive tactics the swordtail Xiphophorus multilineatus, Environ. Biol. Fish, 98, 23, 10.1007/s10641-014-0234-y Song, 2007, Creation of a genetic model of obesity in a teleost, FASEB J., 21, 2042, 10.1096/fj.06-7503com Srinivasan, 2004, Constitutive activity of the melanocortin-4 receptor is maintained by its N-terminal domain and plays a role in energy homeostasis in humans, J. Clin. Investig., 114, 1158, 10.1172/JCI200421927 Steiner, 1969, Radioimmunoassay for the measurement of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 64, 367, 10.1073/pnas.64.1.367 Tao, 2008, Constitutive activation of G protein-coupled receptors and diseases: insights into mechanism of activation and therapeutics, Pharmacol. Ther., 120, 129, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.07.005 Tao, 2009, Mutations in melanocortin-4 receptor and human obesity, Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci., 88, 173, 10.1016/S1877-1173(09)88006-X Tao, 2010, The melanocortin-4 receptor: physiology, pharmacology, and pathophysiology, Endocr. Rev., 31, 506, 10.1210/er.2009-0037 Tao, 2014, Constitutive activity in melanocortin-4 receptor: biased signaling of inverse agonists, Adv. Pharmacol., 70, 135, 10.1016/B978-0-12-417197-8.00005-5 Tao, 2014, Ipsen 5i is a novel potent pharmacoperone for intracellularly retained melanocortin-4 receptor mutants, Front. Endocrinol., 5, 131, 10.3389/fendo.2014.00131 Tao, 2010, Constitutive activity of neural melanocortin receptors, Methods Enzymol., 484, 267, 10.1016/B978-0-12-381298-8.00014-9 Tao, 1993, Hormonal induction of precocious sex reversal in ricefield eel, Monopterus albus, Aquaculture, 118, 131, 10.1016/0044-8486(93)90286-8 Tao, 2003, Functional characterization of melanocortin-4 receptor mutations associated with childhood obesity, Endocrinology, 144, 4544, 10.1210/en.2003-0524 Vaisse, 1998, A frameshift mutation in human MC4R is associated with a dominant form of obesity, Nat. Genet., 20, 113, 10.1038/2407 Volff, 2013, Gene amplification and functional diversification of melanocortin 4 receptor at an extremely polymorphic locus controlling sexual maturation in the platyfish, Genetics, 195, 1337, 10.1534/genetics.113.155952 Vos, 2004, Identification of 2-[2-[2-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-3-fluorophenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (ML00253764), a small molecule melanocortin 4 receptor antagonist that effectively reduces tumor-induced weight loss in a mouse model, J. Med. Chem., 47, 1602, 10.1021/jm034244g Watanobe, 1999, The melanocortin 4 receptor mediates leptin stimulation of luteinizing hormone and prolactin surges in steroid-primed ovariectomized rats, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 257, 860, 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0547 Yeo, 1998, A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity, Nat. Genet., 20, 111, 10.1038/2404 Zhang, 2000, The extracellular domain suppresses constitutive activity of the transmembrane domain of the human TSH receptor: implications for hormone-receptor interaction and antagonist design, Endocrinology, 141, 3514, 10.1210/endo.141.9.7790 Zhou, 2010, Characterization of androgen receptor structure and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the rice field eel, J. Biol. Chem., 285, 37030, 10.1074/jbc.M110.161968 Zhou, 2002, Differential genome duplication and fish diversity, Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 11, 331, 10.1023/A:1021395506705