Medical error disclosure in the Italian healthcare context: A delicate balance between ethical obligations and the principle of non-self-incrimination

D’Errico, 2015, The right to be informed and fear of disclosure: sustainability of a full error disclosure policy at an Italian cancer centre/clinic, BMC Health Serv Res, 15, 130, 10.1186/s12913-015-0794-3 Institute of Medicine, 2000 National Federation of Associations of Surgeons and Dentists. “Italian Code of Medical Ethics”; 2014. Dell’Erba, 2019, Chapter 13: professional responsibility: insurance management and clinical risk management, 187 Law No. 219 of 22 December 2017. [Rules on informed consent and anticipated treatment dispositions]. Official Gazette of the Italian Republic. General Series no. 12 of 16 January 2018. Gallagher, 2006, US and Canadian physicians’ attitudes and experiences regarding disclosing errors to patients, Arch Intern Med, 166, 1605, 10.1001/archinte.166.15.1605 Witman, 1996, How do patients want physicians to handle mistakes? A survey of internal medicine patients in an academic setting, Arch Intern Med, 156, 2565, 10.1001/archinte.1996.00440210083008 Gallagher, 2003, Patients’ and physicians’ attitudes regarding the disclosure of medical errors, JAMA, 289, 1001, 10.1001/jama.289.8.1001 Stanzione, 2017 Bender, 2007, “I’m Sorry” laws and medical liability, AMA J Ethics, 9, 300, 10.1001/virtualmentor.2007.9.4.hlaw1-0704 Italian Civil Code, Art. 2730. Italian Civil Code, Art. 2735. Presidential Decree No. 221 of 5 April 1950. [Approval of the regulation for the execution of Legislative Decree no. 233 of 13 September 1946, on the reconstitution of the Orders of the health professions and for the regulation of the exercise of the professions themselves]. Official Gazette of the Italian Republic. General Series no. 112 of 16 May 1950 – Ordinary Supplement.