Biểu diễn truyền thông về các rủi ro trong quản lý bọ gỗ Hemlock: một nghiên cứu điển hình về giao tiếp khoa học và kiểm soát loài xâm lấn

Biological Invasions - Tập 21 - Trang 615-624 - 2018
Christy Leppanen1, David M. Frank2, John J. Lockyer3, Casey J. Fellhoelter4, Anna Killeen Cameron5, Bevin A. Hardy4, Lucas Jeffrey Smith6, Macey R. Clevenger7, Daniel Simberloff1
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
2Department of Philosophy and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
3Flag Pond, USA
4Knoxville, USA
5Signal Mountain, USA
6Lenoir City, USA
7Newport, USA

Tóm tắt

Sự hỗ trợ từ công chúng có thể hỗ trợ kiểm soát loài xâm lấn và do đó giảm thiểu các tác động tiêu cực. Giao tiếp khoa học có thể giúp hoặc gây cản trở các nỗ lực khi rủi ro và sự không chắc chắn liên quan đến các tuyên bố thành công bị phóng đại hoặc xem nhẹ, tạo ra sự lo ngại hoặc thiếu lòng tin. Việc xem xét 104 bài báo truyền thông về việc quản lý một loại côn trùng gây hại cho rừng, bọ gỗ Hemlock (Adelges tsugae), cho thấy rằng những sự không chắc chắn và đánh giá giá trị liên quan đến các tuyên bố thành công thường bị che khuất hoặc bỏ qua, sự bất đồng hợp lý giữa các chuyên gia về hiệu quả cũng bị bỏ qua, và các rủi ro đối với các loài không phải mục tiêu thường không được đề cập. Thảo luận về kiểm soát hóa chất trong 83 bài báo chỉ đề cập đến ảnh hưởng đến các loài không phải mục tiêu (ví dụ: chất lượng nước, các loài thụ phấn, và các loài bản địa khác) trong chỉ 11 bài báo và tính đặc hiệu được đề cập trong chỉ năm trường hợp. Các tác động không mục tiêu của kiểm soát sinh học được đề cập trong 11 trên 83 trường hợp và tính đặc hiệu của tác nhân không được đề cập trong 71 trường hợp trong số đó. Thật mỉa mai, trong khi giá trị của hệ sinh thái bản địa được sử dụng để biện minh cho công tác quản lý, các tác động không mục tiêu có thể của việc quản lý đối với các hệ sinh thái bản địa thường bị phớt lờ, đặc biệt là sự lai tạo giữa một tác nhân kiểm soát sinh học không phải bản địa (Laricobius nigrinus) và một loại bọ bản địa (L. rubidus) cùng với các đợt tái thả hai loài bọ không bản địa, các quần thể L. osaskensis bị ô nhiễm với một loài chưa được hiểu rõ, mới được mô tả (L. naganoensis). Để tăng khả năng cho công chúng trong việc đưa ra quyết định thông minh, các lợi ích của các kỹ thuật quản lý nên được thảo luận cùng với các rủi ro, sự bất đồng khoa học và sự không chắc chắn.

Từ khóa

#quản lý loài xâm lấn #bọ gỗ Hemlock #giao tiếp khoa học #rủi ro môi trường #tác động không mục tiêu

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