Cơ chế rủi ro và khả năng phục hồi trong các gia đình quân đội: Cơ sở lý thuyết và thực nghiệm của một chương trình nâng cao khả năng phục hồi tập trung vào gia đình

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 14 - Trang 213-230 - 2011
William R. Saltzman1, Patricia Lester2, William R. Beardslee3, Christopher M. Layne4, Kirsten Woodward5, William P. Nash6
1UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and California State University, Long Beach, USA
2UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, USA
3Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
4UCLA/Duke National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, Los Angeles, USA
5United States Bureau of Navy Medicine and Surgery, Washington, USA
6Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and TBI, Silver Spring, USA

Tóm tắt

Các nghiên cứu gần đây đã xác nhận rằng việc triển khai chiến tranh lặp đi lặp lại của một bậc phụ huynh gây tổn hại đến trẻ em và gia đình quân đội, và rằng chất lượng cũng như chức năng của mối quan hệ gia đình có liên quan đến việc bảo tồn lực lượng và sự sẵn sàng. Do đó, chăm sóc tập trung vào gia đình ngày càng trở thành ưu tiên trong toàn bộ hệ thống y tế quân đội. FOCUS (Các gia đình vượt khó) là một chương trình tập trung vào gia đình, nâng cao khả năng phục hồi, được phát triển bởi một nhóm tại Trường Y UCLA và Harvard, là một sáng kiến chính trong phong trào này. Trong một dự án triển khai quy mô lớn do Cục Y tế Hải quân khởi xướng, FOCUS đã được cung cấp cho hàng nghìn gia đình Hải quân, Thủy quân Lục chiến, Hải quân Đặc nhiệm, Quân đội và Không quân từ năm 2008. Bài báo này mô tả nền tảng lý thuyết và thực chứng, cũng như lý do cho FOCUS, dựa trên một khái niệm rộng về khả năng phục hồi gia đình. Chúng tôi xem xét tài liệu về khả năng phục hồi gia đình, lưu ý rằng một bước quan trọng tiếp theo trong việc xây dựng một lý thuyết về khả năng phục hồi gia đình có thể vận dụng trong lâm sàng là vượt qua việc phát triển “danh sách mua sắm” rộng rãi về các chỉ báo rủi ro bằng cách đề xuất các cơ chế cụ thể về rủi ro và khả năng phục hồi. Dựa trên tài liệu, chúng tôi đề xuất năm cơ chế rủi ro chính cho các gia đình quân đội và các con đường “phản ứng dây chuyền” tiêu cực phổ biến, qua đó chúng làm suy yếu khả năng phục hồi của các gia đình phải đối mặt với việc triển khai chiến tranh và chấn thương của bậc phụ huynh. Ngoài ra, chúng tôi đề xuất các cơ chế cụ thể nhằm huy động và nâng cao khả năng phục hồi trong các gia đình quân đội, và các cơ chế này là các tính năng trung tâm của Chương trình FOCUS. Chúng tôi mô tả chi tiết các cơ chế nâng cao khả năng phục hồi này, tiếp theo là phần thảo luận về cách dữ liệu đánh giá từ 2 năm hoạt động đầu tiên của chương trình hỗ trợ mô hình đã đề xuất và các cơ chế hoạt động đã được chỉ định.

Từ khóa

#Khả năng phục hồi gia đình #gia đình quân đội #chương trình hỗ trợ sức khỏe #FOCUS #rủi ro #sức bền trong chiến tranh

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