Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy upon Exposure to High Heat and Chemical Quenching
Tóm tắt
Ti–6Al–4V alloy is a lightweight metal that possesses an excellent combination of strength, formability, and corrosion resistance. It can retain its properties at high temperature applications. This is known as α + β Ti-alloy. It is a heat treatable grade in which properties can be varied moderately. In the present study, an experimental work has been carried out to check its ability to retain the mechanical properties like tensile strength, bending strength, and hardness after heating at high temperature of 900 °C for a period of 30 min and then subsequent cooling into pure water, 5% HCl solution and 15% HCl solution. In this way, this work analyses both heat treatability and corrosion resistivity of the α + β Ti-alloy. The effect of chemical quenching was observed on both ‘ultimate tensile strength (UTS)’ and ‘yield strength (YS)’. As soon as the chemical quantity was increased, the UTS value gets decreased. Also, the substantial reduction in YS established that the quenching phenomena lowers the elastic limit of the samples. Furthermore, it was found that a higher concentration of HCl solution improved the sample’s modulus of rigidity during the bending test. Due to lack of lamellar structure in the chemically quenched product, an increment in the hardness was reported.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
D.K. Gope, U. Kumar, S. Chattopadhyaya, S. Mandal, Experimental investigation of pug cutter embedded TIG welding of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 32, 2715–2721 (2018)
S. Dewangan, Effect of heat treatment into tensile strength, hardness and microstructural attributes of TIG welded Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Aust. J. Mech. Eng. 22(1), 27–36 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1080/14484846.2022.2059906
M. Niinomi, D. Kuroda, K.I. Fukunaga, M. Morinaga, Y. Kato, T. Yashiro, A. Suzuki, Corrosion wear fracture of new β type biomedical titanium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 263(2), 193–199 (1999)
C. Sittig, M. Textor, N.D. Spencer, M. Wieland, P.H. Vallotton, Surface characterization. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 10, 35–46 (1999)
K. Wang, The use of titanium for medical applications in the USA. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 213(1–2), 134–137 (1996)
P. Danielson, R. Wilson, D. Alman, Microstructure of titanium welds. Adv. Mater. Process. 161(2), 39–42 (2003)
AZO MATERIALS (2024) https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=9118. Accessed 5 Feb 2024
S. Dewangan, R. Ranjan, S. Chattopadhyaya, D. Gope, M. Bogdan-Chudy, Preliminary investigations of structure and properties of TIG Welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J. 15(1), 113–122 (2021)
G. Lütjering, Influence of processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of (α+ β) titanium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 243, 32–45 (1998)
L. Krüger, N. Grundmann, P. Trubitz, Influence of microstructure and stress ratio on fatigue crack growth in a Ti-6-22-22-S alloy. Mater. Today: Proc. 2, S205–S211 (2015)
R. Liang, Y. Ji, S. Wang, S. Liu, Effect of microstructure on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti17 alloy. Metals 6(8), 186 (2016)
AMT-Advanced Materials Technology (2024) https://www.amt-advanced-materials-technology.com/materials/titanium-high-temperature/#:~:text=High%20temperature%20Titanium%20alloys%20are%20also%20in%20use%20for%20Valves,dispersoids%20to%20improve%20creep%20resistance. Accessed 7 Feb 2024
H. Guerra-Yánez, N.R. Florido-Suárez, I. Voiculescu, J.C. Mirza-Rosca, Corrosion behavior of new titanium alloys for medical applications. Mater. Today: Proc. 72, 533–537 (2023)
M.F. López, A. Gutiérrez, J.A. Jiménez, In vitro corrosion behaviour of titanium alloys without vanadium. Electrochim. Acta. Acta 47(9), 1359–1364 (2002)
J. Yang, Y. Song, K. Dong, E.H. Han, Research progress on the corrosion behavior of titanium alloys. Corros. Rev.. Rev. 41(1), 5–20 (2023)
A. Ashrafizadeh, F. Ashrafizadeh, Structural features and corrosion analysis of thermally oxidized titanium. J. Alloy. Compd. 480(2), 849–852 (2009)
A.I. Thorhallsson, S.N. Karlsdottir, Corrosion behaviour of titanium alloy and carbon steel in a high-temperature, single and mixed-phase, simulated geothermal environment containing H2S, CO2 and HCl. Corros. Mater. Degradat. 2(2), 190–209 (2021)
M. Atapour, A.L. Pilchak, G.S. Frankel, J.C. Williams, Corrosion behavior of β titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 31(5), 885–891 (2011)
N. Saresh, M.G. Pillai, J. Mathew, Investigations into the effects of electron beam welding on thick Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 192, 83–88 (2007)
A. Malikov, I. Vitoshkin, A. Orishich, A. Filippov, E. Karpov, Effect of the aluminum alloy composition (Al-Cu-Li or Al-Mg-Li) on structure and mechanical properties of dissimilar laser welds with the Ti-Al-V alloy. Opt. Laser Technol. 126, 106135 (2020)
A. Chamanfar, M.F. Huang, T. Pasang, M. Tsukamoto, W.Z. Misiolek, Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al (Ti1023) titanium alloy. J. Market. Res. 9(4), 7721–7731 (2020)
M. Gushchina, G. Turichin, O. Klimova-Korsmik, K. Babkin, L. Maggeramova, Features of heat treatment the ti-6al-4v gtd blades manufactured by dld additive technology. Materials 14(15), 4159 (2021)
Forging design (2023) https://www.forging.org/forging/design/374-heat-treating-titanium-alloys.html. Accessed 25 Dec 2023
Total Materia (2024) http://www.totalmateria.com/Article97.htm. Accessed 2 Feb 2024
L. Wang, C. Feng, H. Liu, D. Yi, L. Jiang, Y. Feng, Revealing the role of Ru in improving corrosion resistance of titanium alloys in HCl solution. Heat Treat. Surf. Eng. 1(3–4), 97–108 (2019)
AZO MATERIALS (2024) https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1240#:~:text=Titanium%20provides%20moderate%20resistance%20to,in%20temperature%20and%20acid%20concentration. Accessed 23 Feb 2024
Y. Tanaka, K. Hattori, Y. Harada, Evaluating local strain rate sensitivity of titanium alloy using dynamic nanoindentation testing. Measure. Sens. 18, 100094 (2021)
G. Lütjering, J.C. Williams, A. Gysler, Microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys. Microstruct. Prop. Mater. 2, 1–77 (2000)
H.J. Rack, J.I. Qazi, Titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 26(8), 1269–1277 (2006)