Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish I. Bioassay methods for acute toxicity

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Abram, 1967, The definition and measurement of fish toxicity thresholds, Vol. 1, 75

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Betts, 1967, A procedure for small-scale laboratory bioassays, J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 39, 89

Bliss, 1937, The calculation of the time-mortality curve, Ann. appl. Biol., 24, 815, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1937.tb05058.x

Bliss, 1952, The Statistics of Bioassay, with Special Reference to the Vitamins, 445

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Bliss, 1957, Some principles of bioassay, Am. Sci., 45, 449

Bliss, 1943, Biological assay, Ann. Rev. Physiology, 5, 479, 10.1146/annurev.ph.05.030143.002403

Breitig, 1966, Zur Notwendigkeit der Standardisierung von Toxizitätstesten, Verh. int. Verein. theor. angew. Limnol., 16, 979

Brett, 1956, Some principles in the thermal requirements of fishes, Q. Rev. Biol., 31, 75, 10.1086/401257

Brett, 1967, Swimming performance of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in relation to fatigue time and temperature, J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 24, 1731, 10.1139/f67-142

Brown, 1968, The calculation of the acute toxicity of mixtures of poisons to rainbow trout, Water Research, 2, 723, 10.1016/0043-1354(68)90044-4

Brown, 1967, The effect of temperature on the acute toxicity of phenol to rainbow trout in hard water, Water Research, 1, 587, 10.1016/0043-1354(67)90041-3

Brown, 1967, The acute toxicity of phenol to rainbow trout in saline waters, Water Research, 1, 683, 10.1016/0043-1354(67)90071-1

Buerkle, 1967, An audiogram of the Atlantic cod, Gadas morhua L, J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 24, 2309, 10.1139/f67-187

Burdick, 1957, A graphical method for deriving threshold values of toxicity and the equation of the toxicity curve, N. Y. Fish & Game, 4, 102

Burdick, 1960, The use of bioassays by the water pollution control agency, 145

Burdick, 1967, Use of bioassays in determining levels of toxic wastes to aquatic organisms, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 96, 7

Burke, 1968, A simplified flow-through apparatus for maintaining fixed concentrations of toxicants in water, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 97, 498, 10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[498:ASFAFM]2.0.CO;2

Cairns, 1963, Environmental effects upon cyanide toxicity to fish, 361, 11

Chadwick, 1968, Toxicity evaluation of a technique for introducing dieldrin into water, J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 40, 76

Denzer, 1959, Merkblatt über die Schädigung der Fischerei durch Abwässer. I. Schwellenwerte für Fische und Fischnährtiere, 78

Doudoroff, 1942, The resistance and acclimatization of marine fishes to temperature changes. I. Experiments with Girella nigricans (Ayres), Biol. Bull., 83, 219, 10.2307/1538144

Doudoroff, 1945, The resistance and acclimatization of marine fishes to temperature changes. II. Experiments with Fundulus and Atherinops, Biol. Bull., 88, 194, 10.2307/1538044

Doudoroff, 1956, Some experiments on the toxicity of complex cyanides to fish, Sewage ind. Wastes, 28, 1020

Doudoroff, 1951, Bio-assay methods for the evaluation of acute toxicity of industrial wastes to fish, Sewage ind. Wastes, 23, 1380

Doudoroff, 1953, Critical review of literature on the toxicity of industrial wastes and their components to fish. II. The metals, as salts, Sewage ind. Wastes, 25, 802

Doudoroff, 1966, Acute toxicity of solutions containing complex metal cyanides, in relation to concentrations of molecular hydrocyanic acid, Trans. Am. fish. Soc., 95, 6, 10.1577/1548-8659(1966)95[6:ATTFOS]2.0.CO;2

Dowden, 1965, Toxicity of selected chemicals to certain animals, J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 37, 1308

Edwards, 1967, Pollution and fisheries: a progress report, 66, 63

Eisenberg Freida, 1952, A comparison of Litchfield-Wilcoxon and Bliss estimates, Biometrics, 8, 120, 10.2307/3001928

Eisler, 1965, Some effects of a synthetic detergent on estuarine fishes, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 94, 26, 10.1577/1548-8659(1965)94[26:SEOASD]2.0.CO;2

European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission, 1965, Water quality criteria for European freshwater fish, 9, 151

Finney, 1952, Probit Analysis, 318

Finney, 1964, Statistical Method in Biological Assay, 668

Fry, 1947, Effects of the environment on animal activity, 62

Fry, 1942, Lethal limits of temperature for young goldfish, Rev. Canad. Biol., 1, 50

Fry, 1946, Lethal temperature relations for a sample of young speckled trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, 66, 9

Gaddum, 1953, Bioassays and mathematics, Pharmacol. Rev., 5, 87

Grenier, 1960, A constant flow apparatus for toxicity experiments on fish, J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 32, 1117

Harris, 1968, A method of separating two superimposed normal distributions using arithmetic probability paper, J. animal Ecol., 37, 315, 10.2307/2950

Harris, 1959, Confidence limits for the LD50 using the moving average-angle method, Biometrics, 15, 424, 10.2307/2527747

Hart, 1945, The Evaluation of the Toxicity of Industrial Wastes, Chemicals, and Other Substances to Freshwater Fishes, 317

Henderson, 1959, Relative toxicity of ten chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to four species of fish, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 88, 23, 10.1577/1548-8659(1959)88[23:RTOTCH]2.0.CO;2

Herbert, 1961, Freshwater fisheries and pollution control, 10, 135

Herbert, 1965, Pollution and Fisheries, 173

Herbert, 1955, A further study of toxicity of potassium cyanide to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson), Ann. appl. Biol., 43, 237, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1955.tb02471.x

Herbert, 1957, Toxicity of synthetic detergents to rainbow trout, Water Waste Treat. J., 6, 394

Herbert, 1952, Toxicity of potassium cyanide to trout, J. exp. Biol., 29, 632, 10.1242/jeb.29.4.632

Herbert, 1961, The effect of suspended mineral solids on the survival of trout, Int. J. Air Wat. Pollut., 5, 46

Herbert, 1964, The toxicity of fluoride to rainbow trout, Water Waste Treat. J., 10, 141

Hey, 1960, The statistical estimation of a rectangular hyperbola, Biometrics, 16, 606, 10.2307/2527765

Hoskins, 1960, Use of the dosage-mortality curve in quantitative estimation of insecticide resistance, Entomol. Soc. Am., Misc. Pub., 2, 85

Hubschman, 1967, Effects of copper on the crayfish Orconectes rusticus (Girard). I. Acute toxicity, Crustaceana, 12, 33, 10.1163/156854067X00684

Hunn, 1968, Observations on the handling and maintenance of bioassay fish, Progr. Fish.-Cult., 30, 164, 10.1577/1548-8640(1968)30[164:OOTHAM]2.0.CO;2

Hynes, 1960, The Biology of Polluted Waters, 202

Jensen, 1966, Acute and long-term effects of organic insecticides on two species of stonefly naiads, J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 38, 1273

Johnson, 1968, Pesticides and fishes—a review of selected literature, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 97, 398, 10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[398:PAFROS]2.0.CO;2

Jones, 1938, The relative toxicity of salts of lead, zinc, and copper to the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) and the effect of calcium on the toxicity of lead and zinc salts, J. exp. Biol., 15, 394, 10.1242/jeb.15.3.394

Jones, 1939, The relation between the electrolytic solution pressures of the metals and their toxicity to the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.), J. exp. Biol., 16, 425, 10.1242/jeb.16.4.425

Jones, 1964, Fish and River Pollution, 203

Jordan Dorothy, 1964, The resistance of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson) and roach (Rutilus rutilus (L)) to alkaline solutions, Int. J. Air Water. Pollut., 8, 405

Lecomte du Noüy, 1937, Biological Time, 180

Lemke, 1963, Some effects of alkyl benzene sulfonate on the blue-gill, Lepomis macrochirus, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 92, 372, 10.1577/1548-8659(1963)92[372:SEOABS]2.0.CO;2

Liepolt, 1958, Die giftwirkung von Kupfersulfat auf Wasserorganismen, Wass. u. Abwass., 353

Litchfield, 1949, A method for rapid graphic solution of time-per cent effect curves, J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 97, 399

Litchfield, 1949, A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments, J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 96, 99

Litchfield, 1953, The reliability of graphic estimates of relative potency from dose-per cent effect curves, J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 108, 18

Lloyd, 1960, The toxicity of zinc sulphate to rainbow trout, Ann. appl. Biol., 48, 84, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1960.tb03507.x

Lloyd, 1961, The toxicity of mixtures of zinc and copper sulphates to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson), Ann. appl. Biol., 49, 535, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1961.tb03647.x

Lloyd, 1961, The toxicity of ammonia to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson), Water Waste Treat. J., 8, 278

Lloyd, 1965, Factors that affect the tolerance of fish to heavy metal poisoning, 181

Lloyd, 1963, Predicted and observed toxicities of several sewage effluents to rainbow trout, J. Inst. Sewage Purif., 167

Marchetti, 1962, Biologia e tossicologia delle acque usate, 386

Marvan, 1963, Zur Methodik der Auswertung von Toxizitätstesten, 7, 271

Matida, 1960, Study on the toxicity of agricultural control chemicals in relation to fisheries management No. 3, 9, 1

McKee, 1963, Water quality criteria, 548

Merkens, 1958, Studies on the toxicity of chlorine and chloramines to the rainbow trout, Water Waste Treat. J., 7, 150

Mount, 1966, The effect of total hardness and pH on acute toxicity of zinc to fish, Air Wat. Pollut. Int. J., 10, 49

Mount, 1967, A simplified dosing apparatus for fish toxicology studies, Water Research, 1, 21, 10.1016/0043-1354(67)90061-9

Mount, 1965, A serial-dilution apparatus for continuous delivery of various concentrations of materials in water, U.S. Publ. Health Service, Pub. No. 999-WP-23, 16

Nehring, 1962, Untersuchungen uber die toxikologische Wirkung von Thallium-Ionen auf Fische und Fischnährtiere, Z. Fisch., 11, 557

Peterson, 1969, Influence of temperature change on spontaneous locomotor activity and oxygen consumption of Atlantic salmon acclimated to two temperatures, J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 26, 93, 10.1139/f69-008

Pickering, 1966, Acute toxicity of alkyl benzene sulfonate and linear alkylate sulfonate to the eggs of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, Int. J. Air Wat. Pollut., 10, 385

Pickering, 1966, The acute toxicity of some heavy metals to different species of warm water fishes, Int. J. Air Wat. Pollut., 10, 453

Pickering, 1966, Acute toxicity of some important petrochemicals to fish, J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 38, 1419

Pickering, 1966, The acute toxicity of some pesticides to fish, Ohio J. Sci., 66, 508

Pickering, 1962, The toxicity of organic phosphorus insecticides to different species of warm water fishes, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 19, 175, 10.1577/1548-8659(1962)91[175:TTOOPI]2.0.CO;2

Pickering, 1965, The acute toxicity of zinc to eggs and fry of the fathead minnow, Progr. Fish.-Cult., 27, 153, 10.1577/1548-8640(1965)27[153:TATOZT]2.0.CO;2

Rainey, 1967, Natural displacement of pollution from the Great Lakes, Science, N. Y., 155, 1242, 10.1126/science.155.3767.1242

Rothschein, 1964, Einige kritische Betrachtungen zum Thema “toxikologische Experimente und höchstzulässige Konzentrationen von Giftstoffen im Wasser”, 8, 303

Scholz, 1965, Chronic toxicity testing, Nature, Lond., 207, 870, 10.1038/207870a0

Shepard, 1955, Resistance and tolerance of young speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to oxygen lack, with special reference to low oxygen acclimation, J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 12, 387, 10.1139/f55-024

Skidmore, 1965, Resistance to zinc sulphate of the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan) at different phases of its life history, Ann. appl. Biol., 56, 47, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1965.tb01214.x

Solon, 1968, A continuous-flow, automatic device for short-term toxicity experiments, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 97, 501, 10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[501:ACFADF]2.0.CO;2

Sprague, 1964, Lethal concentrations of copper and zinc for young Atlantic salmon, J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 21, 17, 10.1139/f64-003

Sprague, 1968, Avoidance reactions of rainbow trout to zinc sulphate solutions, Water Research, 2, 367, 10.1016/0043-1354(68)90048-1

Sprague, 1968, Toxicity of kraft pulp mill effluent for larval and adult lobsters, and juvenile salmon, 2, 753

Sprague, 1965, Lethal levels of mixed copper-zinc solutions for juvenile salmon, J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 22, 425, 10.1139/f65-042

Stark, 1967, An automatic dosing apparatus made with standard laboratory ware, Lab. Pract., 16, 594

Stewart, 1967, Acute toxicity of the insecticide Sevin and its hydrolytic product 1-naphthol to some marine organisms, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 96, 25, 10.1577/1548-8659(1967)96[25:ATOTIS]2.0.CO;2

Tarzwell, 1962, The need and value of water quality criteria with special reference to aquatic life, Can. Fish Cult., 31, 35

Tarzwell, 1962, Development of water quality criteria for aquatic life, J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 34, 1178

Tarzwell, 1966, Water quality requirements for aquatic life, 185

Tarzwell, 1966, Water quality requirements for aquatic life, 317

Tattersfield, 1924, An apparatus for testing the toxic values of contact insecticides under controlled conditions, Bull. Entomol. Res., 14, 223, 10.1017/S0007485300028285

Thatcher, 1966, The comparative lethal toxicity of a mixture of hard ABS detergent products to eleven species of fishes, Int. J. Air Wat. Pollut., 10, 585

Thatcher, 1966, Acute toxicity of LAS to various fish species, 996

Trevan, 1927, The error of determination of toxicity, 101, 483

Tyler, 1965, Some lethal temperature relations of two minnows of the genus Chrosomus, Can. J. Zool., 44, 349, 10.1139/z66-039

U.S. Dept. Interior, 1963, Pesticide-Wildlife Studies: A review of Fish and Wildlife Service investigations during 1961 and 1962, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv., Circ., 167, 109

U.S. National Technical Advisory Committee, 1968, Report of the National Technical Adisory Committee on Water Quality Criteria to the Secretary of the Interior, 234

Warner, 1967, Bio-assays for microchemical environmental contaminants with special reference to water supplies, Bull. Wld Hlth Org., 36, 181

Wuhrmann, 1952, Sur quelques principes de la toxicologie du poisson, No. 15, 49

Wuhrmann, 1950, Die Giftigkeit von Phenol für verschiedene Fischarten, Schweiz. Zeit. Hydrologie, 12, 271