Measurement and Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Children

Akcan-Arikan, 2007, Modified RIFLE criteria in critically ill children with acute kidney injury, Kidney Int, 71, 1028, 10.1038/sj.ki.5002231 Chertow, 2005, Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients, J Am Soc Nephrol, 16, 3365, 10.1681/ASN.2004090740 Bosch, 1995, Renal reserve: a functional view of glomerular filtration rate, Semin Nephrol, 15, 381 Bosch, 1983, Renal functional reserve in humans. Effect of protein intake on glomerular filtration rate, Am J Med, 75, 943, 10.1016/0002-9343(83)90873-2 Rodriguez-Iturbe, 1985, Response to acute protein load in kidney donors and in apparently normal postacute glomerulonephritis patients: evidence for glomerular hyperfiltration, Lancet, 2, 461, 10.1016/S0140-6736(85)90399-X Rodenbach, 2017, Renal Response to a protein load in healthy young adults as determined by iohexol Infusion clearance, cimetidine-Inhibited creatinine clearance, and cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rate, J Ren Nutr, 27, 275, 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.01.021 Smith, 1951, Measurement of the filtration rate, 39 Smith, 1951, Trophic and other factors related to renal function, 461 Smith, 1951, Renal function in infancy and childhood, 492 Heilbron, 1991, Expressing glomerular filtration rate in children, Pediatr Nephrol (Berlin, Germany), 5, 5, 10.1007/BF00852829 Smith, 1951, The reliability of inulin as a measure of glomerular filtration, 231 Brochner-Mortensen, 1985, Current status on assessment and measurement of glomerular filtration rate, Clin Physiol (Oxford, England), 5, 1, 10.1111/j.1475-097X.1985.tb00742.x Blaufox, 1996, Report of the Radionuclides in Nephrourology Committee on renal clearance, J Nucl Med, 37, 1883 Piepsz, 2001, Guidelines for glomerular filtration rate determination in children, Eur J Nucl Med, 28, BP31 Schwartz, 2010, Optimizing iohexol plasma disappearance curves to measure the glomerular filtration rate in children with chronic kidney disease, Kidney Int, 77, 65, 10.1038/ki.2009.398 Ng, 2011, Universal GFR determination based on two time points during plasma iohexol disappearance, Kidney Int, 80, 423, 10.1038/ki.2011.155 Jacobsen, 1979, Pronounced increase in serum creatinine concentration after eating cooked meat, Br Med J, 1, 1049, 10.1136/bmj.1.6170.1049 Jacobsen, 1979, Postprandial serum creatinine increase in normal subjects after eating cooked meat, Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc, 16, 506 NB, 1938, Measurement of Obesity by the creatinine Coefficient, Am J Dis Child, 55, 42 Schwartz, 1976, Plasma creatinine and urea concentration in children: normal values for age and sex, J Pediatr, 88, 828, 10.1016/S0022-3476(76)81125-0 Novak, 1963, Age and sex differences in body DENSITY and creatinine excretion of high SCHOOL children, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 110, 545, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb15780.x Bauer, 1982, Clinical appraisal of creatinine clearance as a measurement of glomerular filtration rate, Am J Kidney Dis, 2, 337, 10.1016/S0272-6386(82)80091-7 Mitch, 1978, A proposed mechanism for reduced creatinine excretion in severe chronic renal failure, Nephron, 21, 248, 10.1159/000181400 Dunn, 1997, Induction of creatininase activity in chronic renal failure: timing of creatinine degradation and effect of antibiotics, Am J Kidney Dis, 29, 72, 10.1016/S0272-6386(97)90010-X Myers, 2006, Recommendations for improving serum creatinine measurement: a report from the laboratory working group of the national kidney disease Education Program, Clin Chem, 52, 5, 10.1373/clinchem.2005.0525144 Schwartz, 2009, Validation of creatinine assays utilizing HPLC and IDMS traceable standards in sera of children, Pediatr Nephrol (Berlin, Germany), 24, 113, 10.1007/s00467-008-0957-0 Dharnidharka, 2002, Serum cystatin C is superior to serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function: a meta-analysis, Am J Kidney Dis, 40, 221, 10.1053/ajkd.2002.34487 Roos, 2007, Diagnostic accuracy of cystatin C compared to serum creatinine for the estimation of renal dysfunction in adults and children–a meta-analysis, Clin Biochem, 40, 383, 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.10.026 Tenstad, 1996, Renal handling of radiolabelled human cystatin C in the rat, Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 56, 409, 10.3109/00365519609088795 Jacobsson, 1995, Transthyretin and cystatin C are catabolized in proximal tubular epithelial cells and the proteins are not useful as markers for renal cell carcinomas, Histopathology, 26, 559, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00275.x Finney, 2000, Reference ranges for plasma cystatin C and creatinine measurements in premature infants, neonates, and older children, Arch Dis Child, 82, 71, 10.1136/adc.82.1.71 Bokenkamp, 1998, Reference values for cystatin C serum concentrations in children, Pediatr Nephrol (Berlin, Germany), 12, 125, 10.1007/s004670050419 Bokenkamp, 1998, Cystatin C–a new marker of glomerular filtration rate in children independent of age and height, Pediatrics, 101, 875, 10.1542/peds.101.5.875 Andersen, 2009, Measuring glomerular filtration rate in children; can cystatin C replace established methods? A review, Pediatr Nephrol (Berlin, Germany), 24, 929, 10.1007/s00467-008-0991-y Schwartz, 1976, A simple estimate of glomerular filtration rate in children derived from body length and plasma creatinine, Pediatrics, 58, 259, 10.1542/peds.58.2.259 Counahan, 1976, Estimation of glomerular filtration rate from plasma creatinine concentration in children, Arch Dis Child, 51, 875, 10.1136/adc.51.11.875 Schwartz, 2012, Improved equations estimating GFR in children with chronic kidney disease using an immunonephelometric determination of cystatin C, Kidney Int, 82, 445, 10.1038/ki.2012.169 Schwartz, 2014, Height: the missing link in estimating glomerular filtration rate in children and adolescents, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 29, 944, 10.1093/ndt/gft530 Schwartz, 1987, The use of plasma creatinine concentration for estimating glomerular filtration rate in infants, children, and adolescents, Pediatr Clin North Am, 34, 571, 10.1016/S0031-3955(16)36251-4 Speeckaert, 2012, Compensating for the influence of total serum protein in the Schwartz formula, Clin Chem Lab Med, 50, 1597, 10.1515/cclm-2012-0033 Schwartz, 2006, Glomerular filtration rate via plasma iohexol disappearance: pilot study for chronic kidney disease in children, Kidney Int, 69, 2070, 10.1038/sj.ki.5000385 Perrone, 1992, Serum creatinine as an index of renal function: new insights into old concepts, Clin Chem, 38, 1933, 10.1093/clinchem/38.10.1933 Schwartz, 2009, New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD, J Am Soc Nephrol, 20, 629, 10.1681/ASN.2008030287 Schwartz, 2009, Measurement and estimation of GFR in children and adolescents, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 4, 1832, 10.2215/CJN.01640309 Levey, 2014, Cystatin C for glomerular filtration rate estimation: coming of age, Clin Chem, 60, 916, 10.1373/clinchem.2014.225383 Levey, 2014, GFR estimation: from physiology to public health, Am J Kidney Dis, 63, 820, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.12.006 Deng, 2015, Applicability of estimating glomerular filtration rate equations in pediatric patients: comparison with a measured glomerular filtration rate by iohexol clearance, Transl Res, 165, 437, 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.10.004 Fadrowski, 2011, Pediatric GFR estimating equations applied to adolescents in the general population, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 6, 1427, 10.2215/CJN.06460710 Morgan, 2008, Correlation between cystatin C- and renal scan-determined glomerular filtration rate in children with spina bifida, Pediatr Nephrol (Berlin, Germany), 23, 329, 10.1007/s00467-007-0613-0 Nehus, 2013, Performance of cystatin C-based equations in a pediatric cohort at high risk of kidney injury, Pediatr Nephrol (Berlin, Germany), 28, 453, 10.1007/s00467-012-2341-3 Erlandsen, 2012, Estimating the glomerular filtration rate using serum cystatin C levels in patients with spinal cord injuries, Spinal Cord, 50, 778, 10.1038/sc.2012.52 Laskin, 2014, Estimated versus measured glomerular filtration rate in children before hematopoietic cell transplantation, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 20, 2056, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.07.008 Braat, 2015, Renal function in children and adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Neuromuscul Disord, 25, 381, 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.01.005 Eckfeldt, 2015, Performance in measurement of serum cystatin C by laboratories Participating in the College of American Pathologists 2014 CYS Survey, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 139, 888, 10.5858/arpa.2014-0427-CP Bargnoux, 2017, Multicenter evaluation of cystatin C measurement after assay standardization, Clin Chem, 63, 833, 10.1373/clinchem.2016.264325 Grubb, 2010, Non-invasive estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The Lund model: Simultaneous use of cystatin C- and creatinine-based GFR-prediction equations, clinical data and an internal quality check, Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 70, 65, 10.3109/00365511003642535 Selistre, 2012, GFR estimation in adolescents and young adults, J Am Soc Nephrol, 23, 989, 10.1681/ASN.2011070705 Gao, 2013, Comparison of the glomerular filtration rate in children by the new revised Schwartz formula and a new generalized formula, Kidney Int, 83, 524, 10.1038/ki.2012.388 Staples, 2010, Validation of the revised Schwartz estimating equation in a predominantly non-CKD population, Pediatr Nephrol (Berlin, Germany), 25, 2321, 10.1007/s00467-010-1598-7 Bacchetta, 2011, Which creatinine and cystatin C equations can be reliably used in children?, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol : CJASN, 6, 552, 10.2215/CJN.04180510 Pottel, 2012, A simple height-independent equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate in children, Pediatr Nephrol (Berlin, Germany), 27, 973, 10.1007/s00467-011-2081-9 Hoste, 2014, A new equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate in children, adolescents and young adults, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 29, 1082, 10.1093/ndt/gft277 Pottel, 2016, An estimated glomerular filtration rate equation for the full age spectrum, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 31, 798, 10.1093/ndt/gfv454 Selistre, 2016, Comparison of the Schwartz and CKD-EPI equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate in children, adolescents, and adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study, PLoS Med, 13, e1001979, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001979 Delanaye, 2017, Newer GFR estimating equations require validation in different populations, Am J Kidney Dis, 70, 586, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.06.016 Kasiske, 2010, KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients: a summary, Kidney Int, 77, 299, 10.1038/ki.2009.377 de Souza, 2015, Accuracy of different equations in estimating GFR in pediatric kidney transplant recipients, Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 10, 463, 10.2215/CJN.06300614 Alkandari, 2017, Validation of serum creatinine based formulae in pediatric renal transplant recipients, Pediatr Res, 82, 1000, 10.1038/pr.2017.209 Jetton JG, Boohaker LJ, Sethi SK, et al: Incidence and outcomes of neonatal acute kidney injury (AWAKEN): a multicentre, multinational, observational cohort study. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. Bokenkamp, 2001, Fetal serum concentrations of cystatin C and beta2-microglobulin as predictors of postnatal kidney function, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 185, 468, 10.1067/mob.2001.115283 Nakashima, 2016, Longitudinal analysis of serum cystatin C for estimating the glomerular filtration rate in preterm infants, Pediatr Nephrol, 31, 983, 10.1007/s00467-015-3309-x Levey, 2017, Assessment of glomerular filtration rate in health and disease: a state of the Art review, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 102, 405, 10.1002/cpt.729 Hellerstein, 1998, Creatinine clearance following cimetidine for estimation of glomerular filtration rate, Pediatr Nephrol (Berlin, Germany), 12, 49, 10.1007/s004670050402 Odlind, 1985, Is 125I iothalamate an ideal marker for glomerular filtration?, Kidney Int, 27, 9, 10.1038/ki.1985.3 Perrone, 1990, Utility of radioisotopic filtration markers in chronic renal insufficiency: simultaneous comparison of 125I-iothalamate, 169Yb-DTPA, 99mTc-DTPA, and inulin. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study, Am J Kidney Dis, 16, 224, 10.1016/S0272-6386(12)81022-5 Carlsen, 1980, Comparison of four commercial Tc-99m(Sn)DTPA preparations used for the measurement of glomerular filtration rate: concise communication, J Nucl Med, 21, 126 Stabin, 1992, Radiation dosimetry for technetium-99m-MAG3, technetium-99m-DTPA, and iodine-131-OIH based on human biodistribution studies, J Nucl Med, 33, 33 Back, 1988, Contrast media as markers for glomerular filtration: a pharmacokinetic comparison of four agents, Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 48, 247, 10.3109/00365518809167491 Gaspari, 1995, Plasma clearance of nonradioactive iohexol as a measure of glomerular filtration rate, J Am Soc Nephrol, 6, 257, 10.1681/ASN.V62257 Nilsson-Ehle, 1994, New markers for the determination of GFR: iohexol clearance and cystatin C serum concentration, Kidney Int Suppl, 47, S17 Soveri, 2014, Measuring GFR: a systematic review, Am J Kidney Dis, 64, 411, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.04.010 Stake, 1991, The clearance of iohexol as a measure of the glomerular filtration rate in children with chronic renal failure, Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 51, 729, 10.3109/00365519109104587 Vicente, 2015, Determination of iohexol in human serum by a semi-automated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method, Clin Biochem, 48, 679, 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.03.017 Mian, 2017, Tests of kidney function in children, 1026 Levey, 2009, A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate, Ann Intern Med, 150, 604, 10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006