Maximizing exposure therapy: An inhibitory learning approach

Agren, 2012, Disruption of reconsolidation erases a fear memory trace in the human amygdala, Science, 21, 1550, 10.1126/science.1223006

Arch, 2009, First-line treatment: a critical appraisal of cognitive behavioral therapy developments and alternatives, Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 32, 525, 10.1016/j.psc.2009.05.001

Baker, 2013, Memory retrieval before or after extinction reduces recovery of fear in adolescent rats, Learning & Memory, 20, 467, 10.1101/lm.031989.113

Baker, 2010, Does habituation matter? Emotional processing theory and exposure therapy for acrophobia, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 1139, 10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.009

Bandarian Balooch, 2011, Effects of multiple contexts and context similarity on the renewal of extinguished conditioned behaviour in an ABA design with humans, Learning and Motivation, 42, 53, 10.1016/j.lmot.2010.08.008

Bandarian Balooch, 2012, Extinction treatment in multiple contexts attenuates ABC renewal in humans, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 604, 10.1016/j.brat.2012.06.003

Barlow, 1994

Beckers, 2013, What's wrong with fear conditioning?, Biological Psychology, 92, 90, 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.12.015

Bjork, 1992, A new theory of disuse and an old theory of stimulus fluctuation

Bjork, 2006, Optimizing treatment and instruction: implications of a new theory of disuse

Bouton, 1993, Context, time, and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning, Psychological Bulletin, 114, 80, 10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.80

Bouton, 2006

Bouton, 1983, Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear: tests for the associative value of the context, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 248

Bouton, 2004, Occasional reinforced trials during extinction can slow the rate of rapid reacquisition, Learning and Motivation, 35, 371, 10.1016/j.lmot.2004.05.001

Brooks, 1994, A retrieval cue for extinction attenuates response recovery (renewal) caused by a return to the conditioning context, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 20, 366

Cain, 2004, Adrenergic transmission facilitates extinction of conditional fear in mice, Learning & Memory, 11, 179, 10.1101/lm.71504

Chan, 2010, Effects of recent exposure to a conditioned stimulus on extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning, Learning and Memory, 17, 512, 10.1101/lm.1912510

Clark, 2010

Craske, 2008, Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 5, 10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.003

Craske, 2012, Role of inhibition in exposure therapy, Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 3, 322, 10.5127/jep.026511

Craske, 2006, Exposure therapy and extinction: clinical studies

Craske, 1986, Return of fear: heart rate responsivity and perceived skill, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26, 187, 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1987.tb01346.x

Craske, 2008, Is aversive learning a marker of risk for anxiety disorders in children?, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 954, 10.1016/j.brat.2008.04.011

Culver, 2014

Culver, 2011, Clinical relevance of retrieval cues for attenuating context renewal of fear, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 284, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.10.002

Culver, 2012, Emotional variability and sustained arousal during exposure, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2, 783

Culver, 2014

Davey, 1992, Classical conditioning and the acquisition of human fears and phobias: a review and synthesis of the literature, Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 14, 29, 10.1016/0146-6402(92)90010-L

Deacon, 2013, Maximizing the efficacy of interoceptive exposure by optimizing inhibitory learning: a randomized controlled trial, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 588, 10.1016/j.brat.2013.06.006

Deacon, 2010, Does the judicious use of safety behaviors improve the efficacy and acceptability of exposure therapy for claustrophobic fear?, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41, 71, 10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.10.004

Dibbets, 2008, All we need is a cue to remember: the effect of an extinction cue on renewal, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1070, 10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.007

Dibbets, 2011, The effect of an extinction cue on ABA-renewal: does valence matter?, Learning and Motivation, 42, 133, 10.1016/j.lmot.2010.12.003

Estes, 1955, Statistical theory of distributional phenomena in learning, Psychological Review, 62, 369, 10.1037/h0046888

Foa, 1986, Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information, Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20, 10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20

Foa, 1996, Mechanisms of change in exposure therapy, 214

Gallistel, 2000, Time, rate, and conditioning, Psychological Review, 107, 289, 10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.289

Grillon, 2008, Models and mechanisms of anxiety: evidence from startle studies, Psychopharmacology, 199, 421, 10.1007/s00213-007-1019-1

Gunther, 1998, Conducting exposure treatment in multiple contexts can prevent relapse, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 75, 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10019-5

Hermans, 2006, Extinction in human fear conditioning, Biological Psychiatry, 60, 361, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.006

Hermans, 2005, Reinstatement of fear responses in human aversive conditioning, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 533, 10.1016/j.brat.2004.03.013

Hofmann, 2008, Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 621, 10.4088/JCP.v69n0415

Indovina, 2011, Fear-conditioning mechanisms associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety in humans, Neuron, 10, 563, 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.12.034

Joos, 2011

Jovanovic, 2010, Impaired fear inhibition is a biomarker of PTSD but not depression, Depression & Anxiety, 27, 244, 10.1002/da.20663

Kircanski, 2012, Challenges to the traditional exposure paradigm: variability in exposure therapy for contamination fears, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43, 745, 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.10.010

Lader, 1968, A physiological model of phobic anxiety and desensitization, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 6, 411, 10.1016/0005-7967(68)90021-1

Lang, 2000, Manipulations of exposure-based therapy to reduce return of fear: a replication, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 1, 10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00031-5

Lieberman, 2007, Putting feelings into words, Psychological Science, 18, 421, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01916.x

Lissek, 2005, Classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1391, 10.1016/j.brat.2004.10.007

Lovibond, 2000, Protection from extinction in human fear conditioning, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 967, 10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00121-7

Mackintosh, 1975, A theory of attention: variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement, Psychological Review, 82, 276, 10.1037/h0076778

Magill, 1990, A review of the contextual interference effect in motor skill acquisition, Human Movement Science, 9, 241, 10.1016/0167-9457(90)90005-X

Meeter, 2004, Consolidation of long-term memory: evidence and alternatives, Psychological Bulletin, 130, 843, 10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.843

Meuret, 2012, Coping skills and exposure therapy in panic disorder and agoraphobia: latest advances and future directions, Behavior Therapy, 43, 271, 10.1016/j.beth.2011.08.002

Milad, 2013, Deficits in conditioned fear extinction in obsessive-compulsive disorder and neurobiological changes in the fear circuit, Journal of the American Medical Association, 70, 608

Milad, 2009, Neurobiological basis of failure to recall extinction memory in posttraumatic stress disorder, Biological Psychiatry, 66, 1075, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.026

Milad, 2007, Recall of fear extinction in humans activates the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in concert, Biological Psychiatry, 62, 446, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.10.011

Miller, 1988, Contingency and relative associative strength, 61

Mineka, 1999, The effects of changing contexts on return of fear following exposure therapy for spider fear, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 599, 10.1037/0022-006X.67.4.599

Monfils, 2009, Extinction-reconsolidation boundaries: key to persistent attentuation of fear memories, Science, 324, 951, 10.1126/science.1167975

Myers, 2007, Mechanisms of fear extinction, Molecular Psychiatry, 12, 120, 10.1038/sj.mp.4001939

Mystkowski, 2002, Treatment context and return of fear in spider phobia, Behavior Therapy, 33, 399, 10.1016/S0005-7894(02)80035-1

Mystkowski, 2006, Mental reinstatement of context and return of fear in spider-fearful participants, Behavior Therapy, 37, 49, 10.1016/j.beth.2005.04.001

Mystkowski, 2003, Changes in caffeine states enhance return of fear in spider phobia, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 243, 10.1037/0022-006X.71.2.243

Nader, 2000, Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval, Nature, 406, 722, 10.1038/35021052

Neumann, 2007, Conducting extinction in multiple contexts does not necessarily attenuate the renewal of shock expectancy in a fear-conditioning procedure with humans, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 385, 10.1016/j.brat.2006.02.001

Norton, 2007, A meta-analytic review of adult cognitive-behavioral treatment outcome across the anxiety disorders, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 521, 10.1097/01.nmd.0000253843.70149.9a

Pearce, 1980, A model for Pavlovian learning: variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli, Psychological Review, 87, 532, 10.1037/0033-295X.87.6.532

Plendl, 2010, Dissociation of within-and between-session extinction of conditioned fear, The Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 4990, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6038-09.2010

Podina, 2013, Optimal attentional focus during exposure in specific phobia: a meta-analysis, Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 1172, 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.10.002

Ponnusamy, 2011

Prenoveau, 2013, Human fear conditioning and extinction: timing is everything… or is it?, Biological Psychology, 92, 59, 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.02.005

Quirk, 2002, Memory for extinction of conditioned fear is long-lasting and persists following spontaneous recovery, Learning & Memory, 9, 402, 10.1101/lm.49602

Rachman, 2011, Reducing contamination by exposure plus safety behaviour, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42, 397, 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.02.010

Rescorla, 2000, Extinction can be enhanced by a concurrent excitor, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 26, 251

Rescorla, 2006, Deepened extinction from compound stimulus presentation, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 135

Rescorla, 1972, A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement, 64

Rescorla, 1975, Reinstatement of fear to an extinguished conditioned stimulus, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 1, 88

Ricker, 1996, Reacquisition following extinction in appetitive conditioning, Animal Learning & Behavior, 24, 423, 10.3758/BF03199014

Rodriguez, 1999, Context-specificity of relapse: effects of therapist and environmental context on return of fear, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 845, 10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00106-5

Rougemont-Bucking, 2011, Altered processing of contextual information during fear extinction in PTSD: an fMRI study, CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 17, 227, 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00152.x

Rowe, 1998, Effects of varied-stimulus exposure training on fear reduction and return of fear, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 719, 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10017-1

Salkovskis, 1991, The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: a cognitive account, Behavioural Psychotherapy, 19, 6, 10.1017/S0141347300011472

Salkovskis, 2006, Belief disconfirmation versus habituation approaches to situational exposure in panic disorder with agoraphobia: a pilot study, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 877, 10.1016/j.brat.2006.02.008

Schiller, 2010, Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms, Nature, 463, 49, 10.1038/nature08637

Schmidt, 1992, New conceptualization of practice: common principles in three paradigms suggest new concepts for training, Psychological Science, 3, 207, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00029.x

Shea, 1979, Contextual interference effects on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of a motor skill, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5, 179

Shin, 2010, The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders, Neuropsychopharmacology, 35, 169, 10.1038/npp.2009.83

Sloan, 2002, The effects of safety-seeking behavior and guided threat reappraisal on fear reduction during exposure: an experimental investigation, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 235, 10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00007-9

Sy, 2011, Failure to replicate the deleterious effects of safety behaviors in exposure therapy, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 305, 10.1016/j.brat.2011.02.005

Tabibnia, 2008, The lasting effect of words on feelings: words may facilitate exposure effects to threatening images, Emotion, 8, 307, 10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.307

Tsao, 2000, Timing of treatment and return of fear: effects of massed, uniform, and expanding spaced exposure schedules, Behavior Therapy, 31, 479, 10.1016/S0005-7894(00)80026-X

Tsodyks, 2004, Neural networks and perceptual learning, Nature, 431, 775, 10.1038/nature03013

Van Damme, 2006, The role of extinction and reinstatement in attentional bias to threat: a conditioning approach, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1555, 10.1016/j.brat.2005.11.008

Vansteenwegen, 2006, Stronger renewal in human fear conditioning when tested with an acquisition retrieval cue than with an extinction retrieval cue, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1717, 10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.014

Vansteenwegen, 2007, The repeated confrontation with videotapes of spiders in multiple contexts attenuates renewal of fear in spider-anxious students, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1169, 10.1016/j.brat.2006.08.023

Vervliet, 2013, Fear extinction and relapse: state of the art, Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 215, 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185542

Wagner, 1981, SOP: a model of automatic memory processing in animal behavior

Wolpe, 1958