Mass balance and equilibrium-line altitudes of glaciers in high-mountain environments
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ageta, 1984, Estimation of mass balance components of a summer-accumulation type glacier in the Nepal Himalaya, Geografiska Annaler, 66A, 249, 10.2307/520698
Ageta, 1992, Predictions of changes of glacier mass balance in the Nepal Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau, Annals of Glaciology, 16, 89, 10.1017/S0260305500004870
Ageta, Y., Ohata, T., Tanaka, Y., Ikegami, K., Higuchi, K., 1980. Mass balance of Glacier AX010 in Shorong Himal, east Nepal, during the summer monsoon season. Seppyo 41 (Special Issue), 34–41.
Andrews, J.T., 1975. Glacial Systems. An Approach to Glaciers and their Environments. Duxbury Press, North Scituate, MA.
Benn, D.I., Evans, D.J.A., 1998. Glaciers and Glaciation. Arnold, London, 734pp.
Benn, D.I., Gemmell, A.M.D., 1997. Calculating equilibrium-line altitudes of former glaciers: a new computer spreadsheet. Glacial Geology and Geomorphology. http://ggg.qub.ac.uk/ggg/paper/full1997/tn011997/tn01.htm.
Braithwaite, R.J., 1984. Can the mass balance of a glacier be estimated from its equilibrium-line altitude? Journal of Glaciology 30, 364–368.
Burbank, 1991, Relative dating of Quaternary moraines, Rongbuk Valley, Mount Everest, Tibet, Quaternary Research, 36, 1, 10.1016/0033-5894(91)90013-U
Charlesworth, 1957
Clark, 1994, Debris-covered glaciers in the Sierra Nevada, California, and their implications for snowline reconstructions, Quaternary Research, 41, 139, 10.1006/qres.1994.1016
Driscoll, 1980, Wastage of the Klutan ice-cored moraines, Yukon Territory, Canada. Quaternary Research, 14, 31
Francou, 1995, Monthly balance and water discharge on an intertropical glacier, Journal of Glaciology, 41, 61, 10.1017/S0022143000017767
Furbish, 1984, The use of hypsometry to indicate long-term stability and response of valley glaciers to changes in mass transfer, Journal of Glaciology, 30, 199, 10.1017/S0022143000005931
Gross, 1976, Methodische Untersuchungen über die Schneegrenze in alpinen Gletschergebieten, Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 12, 223
Hagen, 1991, Glacier mass balance in Svalbard since 1912, 313
Haman, 1988, Morphometrische Analyse der Kare in den Salzburger Zentralalpen, Salzburger Geographische Arbeiten, 17, 57
Hastenrath, 1971, On the Pleistocene snowline depression in the arid regions of the South American Andes, Journal of Glaciology, 10, 255, 10.1017/S0022143000013228
Hawkins, 1985, Equilibrium-line altitudes and palaeoenvironments in the Merchants Bay area, Baffin Island, NWT, Canada, Journal of Glaciology, 31, 205, 10.1017/S0022143000006511
Higuchi, 1982, Characteristics of precipitation during the monsoon season in high-mountain areas of the Nepal Himalaya, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication, 138, 21
Higuchi, 1980, Glacier inventory in the Dudh Kosi region, East Nepal, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication, 126, 95
Hochstein, 1995, Downwasting of the Tasman Glacier, South Island, New Zealand: changes in the terminus region between 1971 and 1993, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 38, 1, 10.1080/00288306.1995.9514635
Höfer, 1879, Gletscher und Eiszeitstudien. Sitzungsberichte der Akadademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., 1, 331
Hoinkes, 1970, Methoden und Möglichkeiten von Massenhaushaltsstudien auf Gletschern. Ergebnisse der Messreihe Hintereisferner (Ötztaler Alpen) 1953–1968, Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 6, 37
Kadota, 1997, Monitoring and prediction of shrinkage of a small glacier in the Nepal Himalaya, Annals of Glaciology, 24, 90, 10.1017/S0260305500011988
Kaser, G., 1995. How do tropical glaciers behave? Some comparisons between tropical and mid-latitude glaciers. In: Ribstein, P., Francou, B. (Eds.), Aguas Glaciares y Cambios en los Andes Tropicales. Conferencias y Posters. Seminaro Internacional, La Paz, 13–16 Junio, pp. 207–218.
Kerschner, 1986, Quantitative palaeoclimatic inferences from lateglacial snowline, timberline and rock glacier data, Tyrolean Alps, Austria, Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 21, 363
Kerschner, 1990, Methoden der Schneegrenzbestimmung, 229
Kuhle, 1986, Schneegrenzberechnung und typologische Klassifikation von Gletschern anhand spezifischer Reliefparameter, Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, 130, 41
Kuhn, 1984, Mass budget imbalances as criterion for a climatic classification of glaciers, Geografiska Annaler, 66A, 229, 10.2307/520696
Kulkarni, 1992, Mass balance of Himalayan glaciers using AAR and ELA methods, Journal of Glaciology, 38, 101, 10.1017/S0022143000009631
Lehmkuhl, 1995, Geomorphologische Untersuchungen zum Klima des Holozäns und Jungpleistozäns Osttibets, Göttinger Geographische Abhandlungen, 102, 1
Lehmkuhl, 1997, Late Pleistocene, Late-Glacial and Holocene glacier advances on the Tibetan Plateau, Quaternary International, 38/39, 77, 10.1016/S1040-6182(96)00025-0
Lehmkuhl, 1998, Quaternary glaciations in Central and Western Mongolia, Quaternary Proceedings, 6, 153
Lehmkuhl, 1998, Late Quaternary glacial history of Northeast Tibet, Quaternary Proceedings, 6, 121
Lichtenecker, N., 1938. Die gegenwärtige und die eiszeitliche Schneegrenze in den Ostalpen. In: Götzinger, G. (Ed.), Verhandlungen der III Internationalen Quartär-Conferenz, Vienna, September 1936. INQUA, Vienna, Austria, pp. 141–147.
Loomis, 1970, Morphology and ablation processes on glacier ice, Proceedings of the Association of American Geographers, 2, 88
Louis, 1955, Schneegrenze und Schneegrenzbestimmung, Geographisches Taschenbuch, 1954/55, 414
Maisch, 1982, Zur Gletscher- und Klimageschichte des alpinen Spätglazials, Geographica Helvetica, 37, 93, 10.5194/gh-37-93-1982
Maisch, M., 1995. Gletscherschwundphasen im Zeitraum des ausgehenden Spätglazials (Egesen-Stadium) und seit dem Hochstand von 1859 sowie Prognosen zum künftigen Eisrückgang in den Alpen. In: Schweizerische Gletscherkommission 1993 Verbier (VS) “100 Jahre Gletscherkommission – 100,000 Jahre Gletschergeschichte”, Vol. 6. Publikationen der Schweizerischen Akademie der Naturwissenschaften, pp. 81–100.
Manley, 1959, The late-glacial climate of north-west England, Liverpool and Manchester Geological Journal, 2, 188, 10.1002/gj.3350020207
Mayo, 1984, Glacier mass balance and runoff research in the USA, Geografiska Annaler, 66A, 215, 10.2307/520695
Meier, 1962, Recent variations in mass net budgets of glaciers in western North America, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication, 58, 63
Meier, 1965, Net budget and flow of South Cascade Glacier Washington, Journal of Glaciology, 5, 547, 10.1017/S0022143000018608
Meierding, 1982, Late Pleistocene glacial equilibrium-line in the Colorado Front Range: a comparison of methods, Quaternary Research, 18, 289, 10.1016/0033-5894(82)90076-X
Miller, 1975, The glaciation level and lowest equilibrium line altitude in the high Canadian arctic, Arctic and Alpine Research, 7, 155, 10.2307/1550318
Müller, 1980, Present and late Pleistocene equilibrium line altitudes in the Mt Everest region — an application of the glacier inventory, International Association of Hydrological 7Sciences Publication, 126, 75
Nakawo, 1981, Field experiments to determine the effect of a debris layer on ablation of glacier ice, Annals of Glaciology, 2, 85, 10.3189/172756481794352432
Nakawo, 1982, Estimate of glacier ablation under debris layer from surface temperature and meteorological variables, Journal of Glaciology, 28, 29, 10.1017/S002214300001176X
Ohmura, 1992, Climate at the equilibrium line of glaciers, Journal of Glaciology, 38, 397, 10.1017/S0022143000002276
Østrem, 1975, ERTS data in glaciology — an effort to monitor glacier mass balance from satellite imagery, Journal of Glaciology, 15, 403, 10.1017/S0022143000034511
Paterson, 1994, The Physics of Glaciers, 480
Payne, D., 1998. Late Quaternary Glaciation in the Cordillera Occidental, Central Andes (16 to 22° S). Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Aberdeen.
Péwé, T.L., Reger, R.D., 1972. Modern and Wisconsinan snowlines in Alaska. Proceedings of the 24th International Geological Congress. Section 12, pp. 187–197.
Porter, 1975, Equilibrium line altitudes of late Quaternary glaciers in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, Quaternary Research, 5, 27, 10.1016/0033-5894(75)90047-2
Porter, 1983, Late Pleistocene glaciation in the western United States, 71
Rea, 1998, Plateau icefields, Quaternary Proceedings, 6, 35
Richardson, 1996, Glacial cirque formation in northern Scandinavia, Annals of Glaciology, 22, 102, 10.1017/S0260305500015275
Robinson, 1971, Trend surface analysis of corrie altitudes in Scotland, Scottish Geographical Magazine, 87, 142, 10.1080/00369227108736188
De Scally, 1989, Evaluation of avalanche-mass determination approaches, Journal of Glaciology, 34, 248, 10.3189/S0022143000004573
Schaerer, 1988, The yield of avalanche snow at Rogers Pass, British Columbia, Canada, Journal of Glaciology, 34, 188, 10.1017/S0022143000032226
Schneider, 1962, Die Gletschertypen Versuch im Sinne einer einheitlichen Terminologie, Geographisches Taschenbuch (Wiesbaden), 1962/63, 276
Seltzer, 1994, Climatic interpretation of alpine snowline variations on millennial timescales, Quaternary Research, 41, 154, 10.1006/qres.1994.1017
Sharma, 1996, Quaternary glacial history of the Garhwal Himalaya, India, Quaternary Science Reviews, 15, 335, 10.1016/0277-3791(95)00061-5
Shi, 1992, Glaciers and glacial geomorphology in China, Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, N.F. (Suppl.), 86, 51
Shi, 1992, Last glaciation and maximum glaciation in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, N.F. (Suppl), 84, 19
Sissons, 1967
Sissons, 1976, Climatic inferences from former glaciers in the south-east Grampian Highlands, Journal of Glaciology, 17, 325, 10.1017/S0022143000013617
Sun Zuozhe, 1987. Flat-topped glaciers in the Qilian Mountains. In: Hövermann, J., Wang Wenying (Eds.)., Reports on the Northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau by Sino- W. German Scientific Expedition. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 46–76.
Torsnes, 1993, Modern and Little Ice Age equilibrium-line altitudes on outlet valley glaciers from Jostedalsbreen, western Norway, Arctic and Alpine Research, 25, 106, 10.2307/1551546
Visser, 1938, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Niederländischen Expeditionen in den Karakoram und die angrenzenden Gebiete in den Jahren, 1922–1935, 216p