Marker-less online MR-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy of liver metastases at a 1.5 T MR-Linac – Feasibility, workflow data and patient acceptance

Engstrand, 2018, Colorectal cancer liver metastases – a population-based study on incidence, management and survival, BMC Cancer, 18, 10.1186/s12885-017-3925-x Al Bandar, 2017, Current status and future perspectives on treatment of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer (Review), Oncol Rep, 37, 2553, 10.3892/or.2017.5531 Jackson, 2018, Comparison of stereotactic body radiation therapy and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of intrahepatic metastases, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 100, 950, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.12.014 Goodman, 2017, Stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver metastases, Semin Radiat Oncol, 27, 240, 10.1016/j.semradonc.2017.02.004 Ohri, 2018, Local control after stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver tumors, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.12.288 Klüter, 2019, Technical design and concept of a 0.35 T MR-Linac, Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 18, 98, 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.04.007 Winkel, 2019, Adaptive radiotherapy: The Elekta Unity MR-linac concept, Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 18, 54, 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.04.001 Nachbar, 2019, Partial breast irradiation with the 1.5 T MR-Linac: First patient treatment and analysis of electron return and stream effects, Radiother Oncol, 145, 30, 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.11.025 Nachbar, 2019, Comparison of treatment plans for a high-field MRI-linac and a conventional linac for esophageal cancer, Strahlenther Onkol, 195, 327, 10.1007/s00066-018-1386-z Lukovic, 2020, MRI-based upper abdominal organs-at-risk atlas for radiation oncology, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 106, 743, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.12.003 Bruynzeel, 2019, The role of biological dose-escalation for pancreatic cancer, Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 18, 128, 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.04.020 Park, 2017, Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided implantation of fiducial markers in the liver for stereotactic body radiation therapy, PLoS One, 12 Hanna, 2018, UK consensus on normal tissue dose constraints for stereotactic radiotherapy, Clin Oncol, 30, 5, 10.1016/j.clon.2017.09.007 Gurney-Champion, 2020, Quantitative imaging for radiotherapy purposes, Radiother Oncol, 146, 66, 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.01.026 Leibfarth, 2018, Potentials and challenges of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in radiotherapy, Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 13, 29, 10.1016/j.ctro.2018.09.002 Olausson, 2017, Development and psychometric testing of an instrument to measure the patient’s experience of external radiotherapy: The Radiotherapy Experience Questionnaire (RTEQ), Techn Innov Patient Supp Radiat Oncol, 3-4, 7, 10.1016/j.tipsro.2017.06.003 Ahlander, 2016, Development and validation of a questionnaire evaluating patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging: the Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Anxiety Questionnaire (MRI‐AQ), J Adv Nurs, 72, 1368, 10.1111/jan.12917 Lawrence, 1995, Hepatic toxicity resulting from cancer treatment, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 31, 1237, 10.1016/0360-3016(94)00418-K Hall, 2020, Initial clinical experience of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for liver metastases, primary liver malignancy, and pancreatic cancer with 4D-MRI based online adaptation and real-time MRI monitoring using a 1.5 Tesla MR-Linac, PloS one, 15 Rosenberg, 2019, A multi-institutional experience of MR-guided liver stereotactic body radiation therapy, Adv Radiat Oncol, 4, 142, 10.1016/j.adro.2018.08.005 Miften, 2018, Radiation dose‐volume effects for liver SBRT, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.12.290 Feldman, 2019, Real-time magnetic resonance-guided liver stereotactic body radiation therapy: an institutional report using a magnetic resonance-linac system, Cureus, 11 Sayan, 2020, Patient-reported tolerance of magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy, Front Oncol, 10, 10.3389/fonc.2020.01782 Tetar, 2018, Patient-reported outcome measurements on the tolerance of magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiation therapy, Cureus, 10 Gomez, 2019, Local Consolidative therapy vs. maintenance therapy or observation for patients with oligometastatic non–small-cell lung cancer: long-term results of a multi-institutional, phase II, randomized study, JCO, 37, 1558, 10.1200/JCO.19.00201 Palma, 2019, Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus standard of care palliative treatment in patients with oligometastatic cancers (SABR-COMET): a randomised, phase 2, open-label trial, Lancet, 393, 2051, 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32487-5 Fontenot, 2013, Technical challenges in liver stereotactic body radiation therapy: reflecting on the progress, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 87, 869, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.08.025 van de Lindt, 2019, MRI-guided mid-position liver radiotherapy: Validation of image processing and registration steps, Radiother Oncol, 138, 132, 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.06.007 Glitzner, 2017, Real-time auto-adaptive margin generation for MLC-tracked radiotherapy, Phys Med Biol, 62, 186, 10.1088/1361-6560/62/1/186 Klüter, 2020, First prospective clinical evaluation of feasibility and patient acceptance of magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy in Germany, Strahlenther Onkol, 196, 691, 10.1007/s00066-020-01578-z Thorwarth, 2020, Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging on hybrid magnetic resonance linear accelerators: Perspective on technical and clinical validation, Phys Imag Radiat Oncol, 16, 69, 10.1016/j.phro.2020.09.007 Lambrecht, 2012, Value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for prediction and early assessment of response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in rectal cancer: preliminary results, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 82, 863, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.12.063 van Rossum, 2015, Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer, Radiother Oncol, 115, 163, 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.04.027 Witt, 2020, MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy for liver tumours: visualising the future, Lancet Oncol, 21, e74, 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30034-6 Gani, 2019, Online MR guided radiotherapy for rectal cancer. New opportunities, Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 18, 66, 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.04.005