Marked reductions in bioactive insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) during hemodialysis

Bossola, 2005, Malnutrition in hemodialysis patients: what therapy?, Am. J. Kidney Dis., 46, 371, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2005.05.031 Mahan, 2006, Assessment and treatment of short stature in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease: a consensus statement, Pediatr. Nephrol., 21, 917, 10.1007/s00467-006-0020-y Rabkin, 2005, Growth hormone resistance in uremia, a role for impaired JAK/STAT signaling, Pediatr. Nephrol., 20, 313, 10.1007/s00467-004-1713-8 Jones, 1995, Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions, Endocr. Rev., 16, 3 Frystyk, 1999, Serum-free insulin-like growth factor I correlates with clearance in patients with chronic renal failure, Kidney Int., 56, 2076, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00798.x Gutierrez, 1992, Protein catabolism in sham-hemodialysis: the effect of different membranes, Clin. Nephrol., 38, 20 Ikizler, 2002, Hemodialysis stimulates muscle and whole body protein loss and alters substrate oxidation, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 282, E107, 10.1152/ajpendo.2002.282.1.E107 Lofberg, 2000, Effect of hemodialysis on protein synthesis, Clin. Nephrol., 54, 284 Rocco, 2004, The effect of dialysis dose and membrane flux on nutritional parameters in hemodialysis patients: results of the HEMO study, Kidney Int., 65, 2321, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00647.x Feldt-Rasmussen, 2007, Growth hormone treatment during hemodialysis in a randomized trial improves nutrition, quality of life, and cardiovascular risk, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 18, 2161, 10.1681/ASN.2006111207 Jacob, 1990, IGF-I, a marker of undernutrition in hemodialysis patients, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 52, 39, 10.1093/ajcn/52.1.39 Axelsson, 2006, Are insulin-like growth factor and its binding proteins 1 and 3 clinically useful as markers of malnutrition, sarcopenia and inflammation in end-stage renal disease?, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 60, 718, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602373 Pupim, 2002, Intradialytic parenteral nutrition improves protein and energy homeostasis in chronic hemodialysis patients, J. Clin. Invest., 110, 483, 10.1172/JCI0215449 Caufriez, 1993, Insulin-like growth factor I values in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: relationship to growth hormone and albumin levels, J. Endocrinol. Invest., 16, 691, 10.1007/BF03348913 Bohe, 2001, Haemodialysis with the biocompatible high permeability AN-69 membrane does not alter plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, Nephrol. Dial. Transpl., 16, 590, 10.1093/ndt/16.3.590 Lindgren, 1996, Decreased bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor-I, a cause of catabolism in hemodialysis patients?, Growth Regul., 6, 137 Frystyk, 1995, Non-competitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assays for determination of human insulin-like growth factor I and II, Growth Regul., 5, 169 Frystyk, 1994, Free insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II] in human serum, FEBS Lett., 348, 185, 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00602-4 Krassas, 2003, Free and total insulin-like growth factor (IGF]-I, -II, and IGF binding protein-1, -2, and -3 serum levels in patients with active thyroid eye disease, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 132, 10.1210/jc.2002-021349 Frystyk, 2002, Development and clinical evaluation of a novel immunoassay for the binary complex of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 in human serum, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 87, 260, 10.1210/jc.87.1.260 Chen, 2003, A highly sensitive and specific assay for determination of IGF-I bioactivity in human serum, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 284, E1149, 10.1152/ajpendo.00410.2002 Chen, 2006, Changes in bioactive IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 during an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with liver cirrhosis, Eur. J. Endocrinol., 155, 285, 10.1530/eje.1.02218 Chen, 2005, Free rather than total circulating insulin-like growth factor-I determines the feedback on growth hormone release in normal subjects, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 90, 366, 10.1210/jc.2004-0039 Schwalbe, 1977, Somatomedin in growth disorders and chronic renal insufficiency in children, Brit. Med. J., 1, 679, 10.1136/bmj.1.6062.679 Phillips, 1981, Circulating somatomedin activity and sulfate levels in adults with normal and impaired kidney function, Metabolism, 30, 1091, 10.1016/0026-0495(81)90053-6 Blum, 1991, Growth hormone resistance and inhibition of somatomedin activity by excess of insulin-like growth factor binding protein in uraemia, Pediatr. Nephrol., 5, 539, 10.1007/BF01453697 Møller, 2006, Glycosaminoglycans increase levels of free and bioactive IGF-I in vitro, Eur. J. Endocrinol., 155, 297, 10.1530/eje.1.02203 Brismar, 1994, Effect of insulin on the hepatic production of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1], IGFBP-3, and IGF-I in insulin-dependent diabetes, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 79, 872, 10.1210/jc.79.3.872 Frystyk, 2004, Free insulin-like growth factors – measurements and relationships to growth hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis, Growth Horm. IGF Res., 14, 337, 10.1016/j.ghir.2004.06.001 Abe, 2007, Plasma insulin is removed by hemodialysis: evaluation of the relation between plasma insulin and glucose by using a dialysate with or without glucose, Ther. Apher Dial., 11, 280, 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2007.00491.x Lang, 2002, Role of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the catabolic response to injury and infection, Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 5, 271, 10.1097/00075197-200205000-00006 Higuchi, 2004, A comparison of bicarbonate hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, and acetate-free biofiltration on cytokine production, Ther. Apher Dial., 8, 460, 10.1111/j.1774-9979.2004.00194.x Singh, 2003, Effect of membrane composition on cytokine production and clinical symptoms during hemodialysis: a crossover study, Renal Fail., 25, 419, 10.1081/JDI-120021154 Carlstrom, 1990, Serum hormone levels in men with end stage renal disease, Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol., 24, 75, 10.3109/00365599009180364 Westwood, 1997, Purification and characterization of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 phosphoform found in normal plasma, Endocrinology, 138, 1130, 10.1210/en.138.3.1130 Ørskov, 1982, Acetate: inhibitor of growth Hormone hypersecretion in Diabetic and non-diabetic uremic subjects, Acta Endocrinol. Copenh., 99, 551, 10.1530/acta.0.0990551 Schmitz, 1982, Inhibition of arginine- and hypoglycemia-induced growth hormone release by acetate in dialysed patients, Clin. Nephrol., 17, 70 Giustina, 1998, Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human, Endocr. Rev., 19, 717, 10.1210/er.19.6.717 Sanaka, 1994, IGF-I as an early indicator of malnutrition in patients with end- stage renal disease, Nephron, 67, 73, 10.1159/000187891