Manganese and its Role in Parkinson’s Disease: From Transport to Neuropathology
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
ACGIH. (2009). Threshold limit values (TLVs®) for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices (BEIs®) Cincinnati, OH.
Alessio, L., Campagna, M., & Lucchini, R. (2007). From lead to manganese through mercury: Mythology, science, and lessons for prevention. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50, 779–787.
Anderson, J. G., Cooney, P. T., & Erikson, K. M. (2007). Brain manganese accumulation is inversely related to gamma-amino butyric acid uptake in male and female rats. Toxicological Sciences, 95, 188–195.
Anderson, J. G., Fordahl, S. C., Cooney, P. T., Weaver, T. L., Colyer, C. L., & Erikson, K. M. (2008). Manganese exposure alters extracellular GABA, GABA receptor and transporter protein and mRNA levels in the developing rat brain. Neurotoxicology, 29, 1044–1053.
Anderson, J. G., Fordahl, S. C., Cooney, P. T., Weaver, T. L., Colyer, C. L., & Erikson, K. M. (2009). Manganese exposure alters extracellular norepinephrine, norepinephrine receptor and transporter protein and mRNA levels in the developing rat brain. Brain Research, Submitted.
Apostoli, P., Lucchini, R., & Alessio, L. (2000). Are current biomarkers suitable for the assessment of manganese exposure in individual workers? American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 37, 283–290.
Aschner, M., & Dorman, D. C. (2007). Manganese: Pharmacokinetics and molecular mechanisms of brain uptake. Toxicological Reviews, 25, 147–154.
Aschner, M., Gannon, M., & Kimelberg, H. K. (1992). Manganese uptake and efflux in cultured rat astrocytes. Journal of Neurochemistry, 58, 730–735.
Aschner, M., Guilarte, T. R., Schneider, J. S., & Zheng, W. (2007). Manganese: Recent advances in understanding its transport and neurotoxicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 221, 131–147.
Ashizawa, R. (1927). Uber einen sektionsfall von chronischer manganvergiftung. Jap J Med Sci Trans, Sect VIII-Int Med Pediat Psychiat, 1, 173–191.
Autissier, N., Rochette, L., Dumas, P., Beley, A., Loireau, A., & Bralet, J. (1982). Dopamine and norepinephrine turnover in various regions of the rat brain after chronic manganese chloride administration. Toxicology, 24, 175–182.
Baek, S. Y., Cho, J. H., Kim, E. S., Kim, H. J., Yoon, S., Kim, B. S., et al. (2004). CDNA array analysis of gene expression profiles in brain of mice exposed to manganese. Industrial Health, 42, 315–320.
Bant, R. G., & Markesbery, W. R. (1977). Elevated manganese levels associated with dementia and extrapyramidal signs. Neurology, 27, 213.
Barhoumi, R., Faske, J., Liu, X., & Tjalkens, R. B. (2004). Manganese potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of NOS2 in C6 glioma cells through mitochondrial-dependent activation of nuclear factor kappaB. Brain Research Molecular Brain Research, 122, 167–179.
Bertinet, D. B., Tinivella, M., Balzola, F. A., de Francesco, A., Davini, O., Rizzo, L., et al. (2000). Brain manganese deposition and blood levels in patients undergoing home parenteral nutrition. JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 24, 223–227.
Bikashvili, T. Z., Shukakidze, A. A., & Kiknadze, G. I. (2001). Changes in the ultrastructure of the rat cerebral cortex after oral doses of manganese chloride. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 31, 385–389.
Bock, N. A., Paiva, F. F., Nascimento, G. C., Newman, J. D., & Silva, A. C. (2008). Cerebrospinal fluid to brain transport of manganese in a non-human primate revealed by MRI. Brain Research, 1198, 60–170.
Boojar, M. M., Goodarzi, F., & Basedaghat, M. A. (2002). Long-term follow-up of workplace and well water manganese effects on iron status indexes in manganese miners. Archives of Environmental Health, 57, 519–528.
Bouchard, M., Mergler, D., Baldwin, M., Panisset, M., Bowler, R., & Roels, H. A. (2007). Neurobehavioral functioning after cessation of manganese exposure: A follow-up after 14 years. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50, 831–840.
Bowman, A., Erikson, K. M., & Aschner, M. (2009). Manganese: The Two faces of essentiality and neurotoxicity. In Huang S, Ed. Metals and neurodegeneration. Kerala, India: Research Signpost.
Brouillet, E. P., Shinobu, L., McGarvey, U., Hochberg, F., & Beal, M. F. (1993). Manganese injection into the rat striatum produces excitotoxic lesions by impairing energy metabolism. Experimental Neurology, 120, 89–94.
Burton, N. C., Schneider, J. S., Syversen, T., & Guilarte, T. S. (2009). Effects of chronic manganese exposure on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter markers in the non-human primate brain. Toxicological Sciences [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 19520674.
Calne, D. B., Chu, N. S., Huang, C. C., Lu, C. S., & Olanow, W. (1994). Manganism and idiopathic parkinsonism: Similarities and differences. Neurology, 44, 1583–1586.
CDC-MMWR. (2006). Deaths associated with hypocalcemia from chelation therapy-Texas, Pennsylvania and Oregon, 2003-2005. 55, 204–207.
Cersosimo, M. G., & Koller, W. C. (2006). The diagnosis of manganese-induced parkinsonism. Neurotoxicology, 27, 340–346.
Chandra, S. V., Murthy, R. C., Husain, T., & Bansal, S. K. (1984). Effect of interaction of heavy metals on (Na+-K+) ATPase and the uptake of 3H-DA and 3H-NA in rat brain synaptosomes. Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica, 54, 210–213.
Chang, J. Y., & Liu, L. Z. (1999). Manganese potentiates nitric oxide production by microglia. Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research, 68, 22–28.
Chen, C. J., Ou, Y. C., Lin, S. Y., Liao, S. L., Chen, S. Y., & Chen, J. H. (2006). Manganese modulates pro-inflammatory gene expression in activated glia. Neurochemistry International, 49(1), 62–71.
Cook, D. G., Fahn, S., & Brait, K. A. (1974). Chronic manganese intoxication. Archives of Neurology, 30, 59–64.
Cotzias, G. C., & Greenough, J. J. (1958). The high specificity of the manganese pathway through the body. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 37, 1298–1305.
Couper, J. (1837). On the effects of black oxide of manganese when inhaled into the lungs. British Annals Medical Pharma, 1, 41–42.
Crossgrove, J. S., Allen, D. D., Bukaveckas, B. L., Rhineheimer, S. S., & Yokel, R. A. (2003). Manganese distribution across the blood-brain barrier. I. Evidence for carrier-mediated influx of manganese citrate as well as manganese and manganese transferrin. Neurotoxicology, 24, 3–13.
Crossgrove, J., & Zheng, W. (2004). Manganese toxicity upon overexposure. NMR in Biomedicine, 17, 544–553.
da Silva, C. J., da Rocha, A. J., Jeronymo, S., Mendes, M. F., Milani, F. T., Maia, A. C., Jr., et al. (2007). A preliminary study revealing a new association in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: Manganism symptoms and T1 hyperintense changes in the basal ganglia. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 28, 1474–1479.
de Bie, R. M., Gladstone, R. M., Strafella, A. P., Ko, J. H., & Lang, A. E. (2007). Manganese-induced Parkinsonism associated with methcathinone (Ephedrone) abuse. Archives of Neurology, 64, 886–889.
De Paris, P., & Caroldi, S. (1994). In vivo inhibition of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by CaNa2EDTA injection. Human and Experimental Toxicology, 13, 253–256.
Deitmer, J. W., Broer, A., & Broer, S. (2003). Glutamine efflux from astrocytes is mediated by multiple pathways. Journal of Neurochemistry, 87, 127–135.
Deng, Y., Xu, Z., Xu, B., Tian, Y., Deng, X., Xin, X., & Gao, J. (2009). Excitotoxicity in rat’s brain induced by exposure of manganese and neuroprotective effects of pinacidil and nimodipine. Biological Trace Element Research [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 19300915.
Discalzi, G., Pira, E., Herrero Hernández, E., Valentini, C., Turbiglio, M., & Meliga, F. (2000). Occupational Mn parkinsonism: Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical patterns following CaNa2-EDTA chelation. Neurotoxicology, 21, 863–866.
Eide, D. J. (2004). The SLC39 family of metal ion transporters. Pflugers Archives. European Journal of Physiology, 447, 796–800.
Ejima, A., Imamura, T., Nakamura, S., et al. (1992). Manganese intoxication during total parenteral nutrition. Lancet, 339, 426.
Embden, H. (1901). Zur kenntiss der metallischen nervendgifte. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift, 27, 795–796.
Erikson, K., & Aschner, M. (2002). Manganese causes differential regulation of glutamate transporter (GLAST) taurine transporter and metallothionein in cultured rat astrocytes. Neurotoxicology, 23, 595–602.
Erikson, K. M., Dorman, D. C., Lash, L. H., & Aschner, M. (2008). Duration of airborne-manganese exposure in rhesus monkeys is associated with brain regional changes in biomarkers of neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology, 29, 377–385.
Fairhall, L. T., & Neal, P. A. (1943). Industrial manganese poisoning. National Institute of Health Bulletin No. 182, Washington DC, US Govt. Print. Off., 1–24.
Fell, J. M., Reynolds, A. P., Meadows, N., Khan, K., Long, S. G., Quaghebeur, G., et al. (1996). Manganese toxicity in children receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. Lancet, 347, 1218–1221.
Filipov, N. M., Seegal, R. F., & Lawrence, D. A. (2005). Manganese potentiates in vitro production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide by microglia through a nuclear factor kappa B-dependent mechanism. Toxicological Sciences, 84, 139–148.
Finkelstein, M. M., & Jerrett, M. (2007). A study of the relationships between Parkinson’s disease and markers of traffic-derived and environmental manganese air pollution in two Canadian cities. Environmental Research, 104, 420–432.
Fitsanakis, V. A., Zhang, N., Anderson, J. G., Erikson, K. M., Avison, M. J., Gore, J. C., et al. (2008). Measuring brain manganese and iron accumulation in rats following 14 weeks of low-dose manganese treatment using atomic absorption spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Toxicological Sciences, 103, 116–124.
Fitsanakis, V. A., Zhang, N., Avison, M. J., Gore, J. C., Aschner, J. L., & Aschner, M. (2006). The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the study of manganese neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology, 27, 798–806.
Foglieni, C., Fulgenzi, A., Ticozzi, P., Pellegatta, F., Sciorati, C., Belloni, D., et al. (2006). Protective effect of EDTA preadministration on renal ischemia. BMC Nephrology, 7, 5.
Foulkes, E. C., & McMullen, D. M. (1987). Kinetics of transepithelial movement of heavy metals in rat jejunum. American Journal of Physiology, 253, G134–G138.
Galindo, A., Del Arco, A., & Mora, F. (1999). Endogenous GABA potentiates the potassium-induced release of dopamine in striatum of the freely moving rat: A microdialysis study. Brain Research Bulletin, 50, 209–214.
Gao, G., Wu, Y., & Guo, Y. (2003). Survey on chronic occupational hazards in welders. Chinese Journal Industrial Medicine, 16, 107.
Garcia, S. J., Gellein, K., Syversen, T., & Aschner, M. (2006). A manganese-enhanced diet alters brain metals and transporters in the developing rat. Toxicological Sciences, 92, 516–525.
Garcia, S. J., Gellein, K., Syversen, T., & Aschner, M. (2007). Iron deficient and manganese supplemented diets alter metals and transporters in the developing rat brain. Toxicological Sciences, 95, 205–214.
Gavin, C. E., Gunter, K. K., & Gunter, T. E. (1990). Manganese and calcium efflux kinetics in brain mitochondria. Relevance to manganese toxicity. The Biochemical Journal, 266, 329–334.
Gavin, C. E., Gunter, K. K., & Gunter, T. E. (1992). Mn2+ sequestration by mitochondria and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 115, 1–5.
Gerson, R. J., & Shaikh, Z. A. (1984). Differences in the uptake of cadmium and mercury by rat hepatocyte primary cultures. Role of a sulfhydryl carrier. Biochemical Pharmacology, 33, 199–203.
Girijashanker, K., He, L., Soleimani, M., Reed, J. M., Li, H., Liu, Z., et al. (2008). Slc39a14 gene encodes ZIP14, a metal/bicarbonate symporter: Similarities to the ZIP8 transporter. Molecular Pharmacology, 73, 1413–1423.
Graham, D. G. (1984). Catecholamine toxicity: A proposal for the molecular pathogenesis of manganese neurotoxicity and Parkinson’s disease. Neurotoxicology, 5, 83–95.
Guilarte, T. R., Burton, N. C., McGlothan, J. L., et al. (2008a). Impairment of nigrostriatal dopamine neurotransmission by manganese is mediated by pre-synaptic mechanism(s): Implications to manganese-induced parkinsonism. Journal of Neurochemistry, 107, 1236–1247.
Guilarte, T. R., Burton, N. C., Verina, T., Prabhu, V. V., Becker, K. G., Syversen, T., et al. (2008b). Increased APLP1 expression and neurodegeneration in the frontal cortex of manganese-exposed non-human primates. Journal of Neurochemistry, 105, 1948–1959.
Guilarte, T. R., McGlothan, J. L., Degaonkar, M., Chen, M. K., Barker, P. B., Syversen, T., et al. (2006). Evidence for cortical dysfunction and widespread manganese accumulation in the nonhuman primate brain following chronic manganese exposure: A 1H-MRS and MRI study. Toxicological Sciences, 94, 351–358.
Gunter, T. E., Gavin, C. E., Aschner, M., & Gunter, K. K. (2006). Speciation of manganese in cells and mitochondria: a search for the proximal cause of manganese neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology, 27, 765–776.
Gupta, S. K., Murthy, R. C., & Chandra, S. V. (1980). Neuromelanin in manganese-exposed primates. Toxicology Letters, 6, 17–20.
Gwiazda, R. H., Lee, D., Sheridan, J., & Smith, D. R. (2002). Low cumulative manganese exposure affects striatal GABA but not dopamine. Neurotoxicology, 23, 69–76.
Haest, C. W., Kamp, D., Plasa, G., & Deuticke, B. (1977). Intra- and intermolecular cross-linking of membrane proteins in intact erythrocytes and ghosts by SH-oxidizing agents. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 469, 226–230.
HaMai, D., Rinderknecht, A. L., Guo-Sharman, K., Kleinman, M. T., & Bondy, S. C. (2006). Decreased expression of inflammation-related genes following inhalation exposure to manganese. Neurotoxicology, 27, 395–401.
Hauser, R. A., Zesiewicz, T. A., Rosemurgy, A. S., Martinez, C., & Olanow, C. W. (1994). Manganese intoxication and chronic liver failure. Annals of Neurology, 36, 871–875.
Haydon, P. G., & Carmignoto, G. (2006). Astrocyte control of synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling. Physiological Reviews, 86, 1009–1031.
Hazell, A. S., Normandin, L., Nguyen, B., & Kennedy, G. (2003). Upregulation of ‘peripheral-type’ benzodiazepine receptors in the globus pallidus in a sub-acute rat model of manganese neurotoxicity. Neuroscience Letters, 349, 13–16.
Hazell, A. S., Normandin, L., Norenberg, M. D., Kennedy, G., & Yi, J. H. (2006). Alzheimer type II astrocytic changes following sub-acute exposure to manganese and its prevention by antioxidant treatment. Neuroscience Letters, 396, 167–171.
He, L., Girijashanker, K., Dalton, T. P., et al. (2006). ZIP8, member of the solute-carrier-39 (SLC39) metal-transporter family: characterization of transporter properties. Molecular Pharmacology, 70, 171–180.
Hearn, A. S., Stroupe, M. E., Cabelli, D. E., Ramilo, C. A., Luba, J. P., Tainer, J. A., et al. (2003). Catalytic and structural effects of amino acid substitution at histidine 30 in human manganese superoxide dismutase: Insertion of valine C gamma into the substrate access channel. Biochemistry, 42, 2781–2789.
Henriksson, J., & Tjalve, H. (2000). Manganese taken up into the CNS via the olfactory pathway in rats affects astrocytes. Toxicological Sci, 55, 392–398.
Herrero Hernández, E., Discalzi, G., Dassi, P., Jarre, L., & Pira, E. (2003). Manganese intoxication: the cause of an inexplicable epileptic syndrome in a 3 year old child. Neurotoxicology, 24, 633–639.
Herrero Hernández, E., Discalzi, G., Valentini, C., Venturi, F., Chiò, A., Carmellino, C., et al. (2006). Follow-up of patients affected by manganese-induced Parkinsonism after treatment with CaNa2EDTA. Neurotoxicology, 27, 333–339.
Herrero Hernández, E., Valentini, M. C., & Discalzi, G. (2002). T1-weighted hyperintensity in basal ganglia at brain magnetic resonance imaging: are different pathologies sharing a common mechanism? Neurotoxicology, 23, 669–674.
Hirsch, E. C., Hunot, S., Damier, P., & Faucheux, B. (1998). Glial cells and inflammation in Parkinson’s disease: A role in neurodegeneration? Annals of Neurology, 44, S115–S120.
Holbrook, Jr. D. J. (1976). Assessment of the toxicity of automotive emissions, Vol. II. EPA 6001-76-010b.
HSBC. (2003). “BOC group-litigation a real risk”. Personal injury litigation against welding rod manufacturers. Hazardous Times GeneralCologneRe. http://www.facworld.com/WebLib.NSF/Object/HazardTimesApril2003.pdf/$File/HazardTimesApril2003.pdf .
Huang, C. C., Chu, N. S., Lu, C. S., Chen, R. S., Schulzer, M., & Calne, D. B. (2007). The natural history of neurological manganism over 18 years. Parkinsonism Related Disorders, 13, 143–145.
Huang, C. C., Chu, N. S., Lu, C. S., Wang, J. D., Tsai, J. L., Tzeng, J. L., et al. (1989). Chronic manganese intoxication. Archives of Neurology, 46, 1104–1106.
Huang, C. C., Lu, C. S., Chu, N. S., et al. (1993). Progression after chronic manganese exposure. Neurology, 43, 1479–1483.
Jiang, Y. M., Mo, X. A., Du, F. Q., Hochberg, F., Lilienfeld, D., Olanow, W., et al. (2006). Effective treatment of manganese-induced occupational Parkinsonism with p-aminosalicylic acid: A case of 17-year follow-up study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48, 644–649.
Kawamura, R., Ikuta, H., Fukuzumi, S., Yamadaa, R., Tsubaki, S., Kodama, T., et al. (1941). Intoxication by manganese in well water. The Kitasato Archives Experimental Medicine, 18, 145–169.
Keen, C. L., Ensunsa, J. L., & Clegg, M. S. (2000). Manganese metabolism in animals and humans including the toxicity of manganese. Metal Ions in Biological Systems, 37, 89–121.
Keen, C. L., & Leach, R. M. (1987). In H. G. Seiler, H. Sigel, & A. Sigel (Eds.), Handbook on toxicity of inorganic compounds (pp. 405–415). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Kessler, K. R., Wunderlich, G., Hefter, H., & Seitz, R. J. (2003). Secondary progressive chronic manganism associated with markedly decreased striatal D2 receptor density. Movement Disorders, 18, 217–219.
Kim, Y., Kim, J. W., Ito, K., Lim, H. S., Cheong, H. K., Kim, J. Y., et al. (1999). Idiopathic parkinsonism with superimposed manganese exposure: Utility of positron emission tomography. Neurotoxicology, 20, 249–252.
Kim, Y., Kim, J. M., Kim, J. W., Yoo, C. I., Lee, C. R., Lee, J. H., et al. (2002). Dopamine transporter density is decreased in parkinsonian patients with a history of manganese exposure: what does it mean? Movement Disorders, 17, 568–575.
Kim, Y., Park, J. K., Choi, Y., Yoo, C. I., Lee, C. R., Lee, H., et al. (2005). Blood manganese concentration is elevated in iron deficiency anemia patients, whereas globus pallidus signal intensity is minimally affected. Neurotoxicology, 26, 107–111.
Klos, K. J., Ahlskog, J. E., Kumar, N., Cambern, S., Butz, J., Burritt, M., et al. (2006). Brain metal concentrations in chronic liver failure patients with pallidal T1 MRI hyperintensity. Neurology, 67, 1984–1989.
Koller, W. C., Lyons, K. E., & Truly, W. (2004). Effect of levodopa treatment for parkinsonism in welders: A double-blind study. Neurology, 62, 730–733.
Komaki, H., Maisawa, S., Sugai, K., Kobayashi, Y., & Hashimoto, T. (1999). Tremor and seizures associated with chronic manganese intoxication. Brain and Development, 21, 122–124.
Koos, T., & Tepper, J. M. (1999). Inhibitory control of neostriatal projection neurons by GABAergic interneurons. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 467–472.
Kosai, M. F. & Boyle, A. J. (1956). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in manganese poisoning of rats. Industrial Medicine and Surgery, 25(1), 1–3.
Kowaltowski, A. J., Castilho, R. F., & Vercesi, A. E. (1995). Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial membrane permeabilization: Role of coenzyme Q redox state. American Journal of Physiology, 269, 141–147.
Krachler, M., & Rossipal, E. (2000). Concentrations of trace elements in extensively hydrolysed infant formulae and their estimated daily intakes. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 44, 68–74.
Krieger, D., Krieger, S., Jansen, O., Gass, P., Theilmann, L., & Lichtnecker, H. (1995). Manganese and chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Lancet, 346, 270–274.
Kruman, I. I., & Mattson, M. P. (1999). Pivotal role of mitochondrial calcium uptake in neural cell apoptosis and necrosis. Journal of Neurochemistry, 72, 529–540.
Ky, S. Q., Deng, H. S., Xie, P. Y., & Hu, W. (1992). A report of two cases of chronic serious manganese poisoning treated with sodium para-aminosalicylic acid. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49, 66–69.
Lai, J. C., Lim, L., & Davison, A. N. (1982). Effects of Cd2+, Mn2+, and Al3+ on rat brain synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline and serotonin. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 17, 215–225.
Lategan, A. J., Marien, M. R., & Colpaert, F. C. (1990). Effects of locus coeruleus lesions on the release of endogenous dopamine in the rat nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus as determined by intracerebral microdialysis. Brain Research, 523, 134–138.
Levin, O. S. (2005). “Ephedron” encephalopathy. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 105, 12–20.
Liu, X., Buffington, J. A., & Tjalkens, R. B. (2005). NF-kappaB-dependent production of nitric oxide by astrocytes mediates apoptosis in differentiated PC12 neurons following exposure to manganese and cytokines. Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research, 141, 39–47.
Liu, X., Sullivan, K. A., Madl, J. E., Legare, M., & Tjalkens, R. B. (2006). Manganese-induced neurotoxicity: The role of astroglial-derived nitric oxide in striatal interneuron degeneration. Toxicological Sciences, 91, 521–531.
Lloyd, R. V. (1995). Mechanism of the manganese-catalyzed autoxidation of dopamine. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 8, 111–116.
Lonnerdal, B. (1994). Nutritional aspects of soy formula. Acta Paediatrica. Supplement, 402, 105–108.
Lu, C. S., Huang, C. C., Chu, N. S., & Calne, D. B. (1994). Levodopa failure in chronic manganism. Neurology, 44, 1600–1602.
Marien, M. R., Colpaert, F. C., & Rosenquist, A. C. (2004). Noradrenergic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases: A theory. Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews, 45, 38–78.
Martel, A. E., Smith, R. M., & Motekaitis, R. J. (1998). NIST critically selected stability constants of metal complexes. NIST standard references database. P. 46.
Martinez-Hernandez, A., Bell, K. P., & Norenberg, M. D. (1977). Glutamine synthetase: Glial localization in brain. Science, 195, 1356–1358.
Meral, H., Kutukcu, Y., Atmaca, B., Ozer, F., & Hamamcioglu, K. (2007). Parkinsonism caused by chronic usage of intravenous potassium permanganate. Neurologist, 13, 92–94.
Meyer, J. S., & Quenzer, L. F. (2005). Psychopharmacology: Drugs, the brain, and behavior (pp. 132–137). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
Moreno, J. A., Sullivan, K. A., Carbone, D. L., Hanneman, W. H., & Tjalkens, R. B. (2008). Manganese potentiates nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 in astrocytes by activating soluble guanylate cyclase and extracellular responsive kinase signaling pathways. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 86, 2028–2038.
Nachtman, J. P., Delor, S., & Brennan, C. E. (1987). Manganese neurotoxicity: Effects of varying oxygen tension and EDTA on dopamine auto-oxidation. Neurotoxicology, 8, 249–253.
Nelson, K., Golnick, J., Korn, T., & Angle, C. (1993). Manganese encephalopathy: Utility of early magnetic resonance imaging. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50, 510–513.
Newland, M. C., Ceckler, T. L., Kordower, J. H., & Weiss, B. (1989). Visualizing manganese in the primate basal ganglia with magnetic resonance imaging. Experimental Neurology, 106, 251–258.
Normandin, L., Ann Beaupre, L., Salehi, F., St-Pierre, A., Kennedy, G., Mergler, D., et al. (2004). Manganese distribution in the brain and neurobehavioral changes following inhalation exposure of rats to three chemical forms of manganese. Neurotoxicology, 25, 433–441.
Ohtake, T., Negishi, K., Okamoto, K., Oka, M., Maesato, K., Moriya, H., et al. (2005). Manganese-induced Parkinsonism in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 46, 749–753.
Olanow, C. W. (2004). Manganese-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1012, 209–223.
Olanow, C. W., Good, P. F., Shinotoh, H., Hewitt, K. A., Vingerhoets, F., Snow, B. J., et al. (1996). Manganese intoxication in the rhesus monkey: A clinical, imaging, pathologic, and biochemical study. Neurology, 46, 492–498.
Ono, K., Komai, K., & Yamada, M. (2002). Myoclonic involuntary movement associated with chronic manganese poisoning. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 199, 93–96.
Pal, P. K., Samii, A., & Calne, D. B. (1999). Manganese neurotoxicity: A review of clinical features, imaging and pathology. N eurotoxicology, 20, 227–238.
Parenti, M., Rusconi, L., Cappabianca, V., Parati, E. A., & Groppetti, A. (1988). Role of dopamine in manganese neurotoxicity. Brain Research, 473, 236–240.
Park, J. D., Chung, Y. H., Kim, C. Y., Ha, C. S., Yang, S. O., Khang, H. S., et al. (2007). Comparison of high MRI T1 signals with manganese concentration in brains of cynomolgus monkeys after 8 months of stainless steel welding-fume exposure. Inhalation Toxicology, 19, 965–971.
Penalver, R. (1957). Diagnosis and treatment of manganese intoxication; report of a case. AMA Archives of Industrial Health, 16, 64–66.
Pentschew, A., Ebner, F. F., & Kovatch, R. M. (1963). Experimental manganese encephalopathy in monkeys. A preliminary report. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 22, 488–499.
Perl, D. P., & Olanow, C. W. (2007). The neuropathology of manganese-induced Parkinsonism. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 66, 675–682.
Racette, B. A., McGee-Minnich, L., Moerlein, S. M., Mink, J. W., Videen, T. O., & Perlmutter, J. S. (2001). Welding-related parkinsonism: Clinical features, treatment, and pathophysiology. Neurology, 56, 8–13.
Reardan, D. T., Meares, C. F., Goodwin, D. A., McTigue, M., David, G. S., Stone, M. R., et al. (1985). Antibodies against metal chelates. Nature, 316, 265–268.
Ritter, J., & Marti-Feced, C. (1960). Trials and results of the treatment of patients with manganese poisoning and of the prevention of manganese poisoning by EDTA calcium or calcitetracemate disodium. Archives des maladies professionnelles, 21, 115–130.
Rodier, J. (1955). Manganese poisoning in Moroccan miners. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 12, 21–35.
Rodier, J., Mallet, R., & Rodi, L. (1954). Detoxicating effects of ethylenediamine tetraacetate of calcium in experimental manganese poisoning. Archives des maladies professionnelles, 15, 210–223.
Roels, H., Sarhan, M. J., Hanotiau, I., de Fays, M., Genet, P., Bernard, A., et al. (1985). Preclinical toxic effects of manganese in workers from a Mn salts and oxides producing plant. Science of the Total Environment, 42, 201–206.
Rommelfanger, K. S., & Weinshenker, D. (2007). Norepinephrine: The redheaded stepchild of Parkinson’s disease. Biochemical Pharmacology, 74, 177–190.
Rosenstock, H. A., Simons, D. G., & Meyer, J. S. (1971). Chronic manganism. Neurologic and laboratory studies during treatment with levodopa. JAMA, 217, 1354–1358.
Roth, J. A., & Garrick, M. D. (2003). Iron interactions and other biological reactions mediating the physiological and toxic actions of manganese. Biochemical Pharmacology, 66, 1–13.
Salazar, J., Mena, N., Hunot, S., Prigent, A., Alvarez-Fischer, D., Arredondo, M., et al. (2008). Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) contributes to neurodegeneration in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 18578–18583.
Sánchez, D. J., Gómez, M., Domingo, J. L., Llobet, J. M., & Corbella, J. (1995). Relative efficacy of chelating agents on excretion and tissue distribution of manganese in mice. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 15, 285–288.
Sanotsky, Y., Lesyk, R., Fedoryshyn, L., Komnatska, I., Matviyenko, Y., & Fahn, S. (2007). Manganic encephalopathy due to “ephedrone” abuse. Movement Disorders, 22, 1337–1343.
Sata, F., Araki, S., Murata, K., & Aono, H. (1998). Behavior of heavy metals in human urine and blood following calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate injection: Observations in metal workers. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A, 54, 167–178.
Scholten, J. M. (1953). On manganese encephalopathy; description of a case. Folia psychiatrica, neurologica et neurochirurgica Neerlandica, 56, 878–884.
Selikhova, M., Fedoryshyn, L., Matviyenko, Y., Komnatska, I., Kyrylchuk, M., Krolicki, L., et al. (2008). Parkinsonism and dystonia caused by the illicit use of ephedrone—a longitudinal study. Movement Disorders, 23, 2224–2231.
Sengupta, A., Mense, S. M., Lan, C., Zhou, M., Mauro, R. E., Kellerman, L., et al. (2007). Gene expression profiling of human primary astrocytes exposed to manganese chloride indicates selective effects on several functions of the cells. Neurotoxicology, 28, 478–489.
Seth, P. K., & Chandra, S. V. (1984). Neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors in developing and adult rats during manganese poisoning. Neurotoxicology, 5, 67–76.
Seth, P. K., & Chandra, S. V. (1988). Neurotoxic effects of manganese. III Neuropathological changes in manganese intoxication. In S. C. Bondy & K. N. Prasad (Eds.), Metal neurotoxicity (pp. 22–23). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc.
Shinotoh, H., Snow, B. J., Chu, N. S., Huang, C. C., Lu, C. S., Lee, C., et al. (1997). Presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal dopaminergic function in patients with manganese intoxication: A positron emission tomography study. Neurology, 48, 1053–1056.
Shinotoh, H., Snow, B. J., Hewitt, K. A., Pate, B. D., Doudet, D., Nugent, R., et al. (1995). MRI and PET studies of manganese-intoxicated monkeys. Neurology, 45, 1199–1204.
Shishova, E. Y., Di Costanzo, L., Emig, F. A., Ash, D. E., & Christianson, D. W. (2009). Probing the specificity determinants of amino acid recognition by arginase. Biochemistry, 48, 121–131.
Sikk, K., Taba, P., Haldre, S., Bergquist, J., Nyholm, D., Zjablov, G., et al. (2007). Irreversible motor impairment in young addicts—ephedrone, manganism or both? Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 115, 385–389.
Singh, J., Husain, R., Tandon, S. K., Seth, P. K., & Chandra, S. V. (1974). Biochemical and histopathological alterations in early manganese toxicity in rats. Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry, 4, 16–23.
Smith, A. D., & Bolam, J. P. (1990). The neural network of the basal ganglia as revealed by the study of synaptic connections of identified neurones. Trends in Neurosciences, 13, 259–265.
Smith, D., Gwiazda, R., Bowler, R., Roels, H., Park, R., Taicher, C., et al. (2007). Biomarkers of Mn exposure in humans. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50, 801–811.
Snyder, R. M., Mirabelli, C. K., & Crooke, S. T. (1986). Cellular association, intracellular distribution, and efflux of auranofin via sequential ligand exchange reactions. Biochemical Pharmacology, 35, 923–932.
Sonnewald, U., Westergaard, N., Krane, J., Unsgård, G., Petersen, S. B., & Schousboe, A. (1991). First direct demonstration of preferential release of citrate from astrocytes using [13C]NMR spectroscopy of cultured neurons and astrocytes. Neuroscience Letters, 128, 235–239.
Spranger, M., Schwab, S., Desiderato, S., Bonmann, E., Krieger, D., & Fandrey, J. (1998). Manganese augments nitric oxide synthesis in murine astrocytes: A new pathogenetic mechanism in manganism? Experimental Neurology, 149, 277–283.
Struve, M. F., McManus, B. E., Wong, B. A., & Dorman, D. C. (2007). Basal ganglia neurotransmitter concentrations in rhesus monkeys following subchronic manganese sulfate inhalation. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50, 772–778.
Takeda, A. (2003). Manganese action in brain function. Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews, 41, 79–87.
Tandon, S. K., & Khandelwal, S. (1982). Chelation in metal intoxication. XII. Antidotal efficacy of chelating agents on acute toxicity of manganese. Archives of Toxicology, 50, 19–25.
Tekkok, S. B., Brown, A. M., Westenbroek, R., Pellerin, L., & Ransom, B. R. (2005). Transfer of glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to axons via specific monocarboxylate transporters supports mouse optic nerve activity. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 81, 644–652.
Tjalkens, R. B., Liu, X., Mohl, B., Wright, T., Moreno, J. A., Carbone, D. L., et al. (2008). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist 1, 1-bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)methane suppresses manganese-induced production of nitric oxide in astrocytes and inhibits apoptosis in cocultured PC12 cells. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 86, 618–629.
Tjalkens, R. B., Zoran, M. J., Mohl, B., & Barhoumi, R. (2006). Manganese suppresses ATP-dependent intercellular calcium waves in astrocyte networks through alteration of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum calcium dynamics. Brain Research, 1113, 210–219.
Troadec, J. D., Marien, M., Darios, F., Hartmann, A., Ruberg, M., Colpaert, F., et al. (2001). Noradrenaline provides long-term protection to dopaminergic neurons by reducing oxidative stress. Journal of Neurochemistry, 79, 200–210.
Tuschl, K., Mills, P. B., Parsons, H., Malone, M., Fowler, D., Bitner-Glindzicz, M., et al. (2008). Hepatic cirrhosis, dystonia, polycythaemia and hypermanganesaemia—a new metabolic disorder. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 31, 151–163.
von Jaksch, R. (1907). Uber mangantoxikosen und manganophobie. Münchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 20, 969–972.
Voss, H. (1939). Progressive bulbarparalyse und amyotrophische lateralsklerose nach chronischer manganvergiftung. Archives of Bewerbepath Bewerbehyg, 9, 464–476.
Walsh, M. P. (2007). The global experience with lead in gasoline and the lessons we should apply to the use of MMT. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50, 853–860.
Wang, X. (2003). Analysis of health conditions of 1160 welders. Occupation and Health. 19.
Wang, D., Zhou, W., & Wang, S. (2001). Hazard of manganese exposure to the welders. Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine, 14, 114–115.
Wasserman, G. A., Liu, X., Parvez, F., et al. (2006). Water manganese exposure and children’s intellectual function in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114, 124–129.
Wedler, F. C., Ley, B. W., & Grippo, A. A. (1989). Manganese(II) dynamics and distribution in glial cells cultured from chick cerebral cortex. Neurochemical Research, 14, 1129–1135.
Woolf, A., Wright, R., Amarasiriwardena, C., & Bellinger, D. (2002). A child with chronic manganese exposure from drinking water. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110, 613–616.
Wynter, J. E. (1962). The prevention of manganese poisoning. Industrial Medicine and Surgery, 31, 308–310.
Xu, B., Xu, Z. F., & Deng, Y. (2009). Protective effects of MK-801 on manganese-induced glutamate metabolism disorder in rat striatum. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 19540097.
Yamada, M., Ohno, S., Okayasu, I., Okeda, R., Hatakeyama, S., Watanabe, H., et al. (1986). Chronic manganese poisoning: A neuropathological study with determination of manganese distribution in the brain. Acta Neuropathologica, 70, 273–278.
Zecca, L., Stroppolo, A., Gatti, A., Tampellini, D., Toscani, M., Gallorini, M., et al. (2004). The role of iron and copper molecules in the neuronal vulnerability of locus coeruleus and substantia nigra during aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 9843–9848.
Zhang, S., Zhou, Z., & Fu, J. (2003). Effect of manganese chloride exposure on liver and brain mitochondria function in rats. Environmental Research, 93, 149–157.
Zheng, W., Ren, S., & Graziano, J. H. (1998). Manganese inhibits mitochondrial aconitase: A mechanism of manganese neurotoxicity. Brain Research, 799, 334–342.
Zwingmann, C., Leibfritz, D., & Hazell, A. S. (2003). Energy metabolism in astrocytes and neurons treated with manganese: Relation among cell-specific energy failure, glucose metabolism, and intercellular trafficking using multinuclear NMR-spectroscopic analysis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 23, 756–771.