Đạo đức Quản lý: Một Nghiên cứu Thực nghiệm về Sinh viên Kinh doanh tại Đại học Mỹ ở Beirut

Journal of Business Ethics - Tập 61 - Trang 69-78 - 2005
Philippe W. Zgheib1
1S. Olayan School of Business, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu này đã điều tra mức độ sử dụng ba nguyên tắc đạo đức - tính hữu ích, đạo đức và công bằng - trong việc ra quyết định đạo đức quản lý, bên cạnh thái độ cá nhân đối với các nguyên tắc này. Nghiên cứu bao gồm sinh viên đại học và sau đại học chuyên ngành kinh doanh (tổng N=163) từ Trường Kinh doanh Olayan tại Đại học Mỹ ở Beirut, Liban. Hai loại phép đo được thực hiện: tự đánh giá và kiểm tra bằng Hồ sơ Giá trị Quản lý của Saschkin (1997). Kết quả cho thấy nguyên tắc đạo đức chủ đạo được sử dụng là đạo đức, đặc biệt là trong nhóm sinh viên sau đại học (các chuyên gia). Sinh viên kinh doanh vẫn tin tưởng vào hệ thống công bằng mặc dù luật pháp của đất nước còn yếu. Nguyên tắc tính hữu ích là nguyên tắc ít được sử dụng nhất, mặc dù phát hiện rằng nam giới có xu hướng sử dụng phương pháp hữu ích hơn nữ giới. Cuối cùng, không có mối quan hệ nào giữa thái độ cá nhân đối với ba nguyên tắc đạo đức và hành vi có chủ đích khi đối mặt với các tình huống đạo đức. Các phát hiện đã được thảo luận và các khuyến nghị được đưa ra.

Từ khóa

#đạo đức quản lý #sinh viên kinh doanh #nguyên tắc đạo đức #ra quyết định đạo đức #tự đánh giá

Tài liệu tham khảo

I. Ajzen M. Fishbein (1980) Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior Englewood-Cliffs NJ, Prentice-Hall A. Attia M. N. Shankarmahesh A. Singhapakdi (1999) ArticleTitle‘Marketing Ethics: A Comparison of American and Middle Eastern Marketers’ International Business Review 8 611–632 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0969-5931(99)00022-0 Cavanagh, G. F., D. J. Moberg and M. Valasquez: 1981, ‘The Ethics of Organizational Politics’,Academy of Management Journal June363–374. N. L. D. Chatzisarantis S. J. H. Biddle (1998) ArticleTitle‘Functional Significance of Psychological Variables that are Included in the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Self-Determination Theory Approach to the Study of Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Perceptions of Control and Intentions’ European Journal of Social Psychology 28 303–322 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199805/06)28:3<303::AID-EJSP853>3.3.CO;2-Y J. Cohen (2001) ArticleTitle‘Appreciating, Understanding, and Applying Universal Moral Principles’ Journal of Consumer Marketing 18 IssueID7 578–594 Occurrence Handle10.1108/EUM0000000006255 M. R. Czinkota I. A. Ronkainen (1998) International Marketing Dryden Press Orlando, FL J. B. DeConinck (1992) ArticleTitle‘How Sales Managers Control Unethical Sales Force Behavior’ Journal of Business Ethics 11 IssueID10 789–798 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00872311 R. Derry (1989) ArticleTitle‘An Empirical Study of Moral Reasoning Among Managers’ Journal of Business Ethics 8 855–862 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00384528 O. C. Ferrel L. G. Gresham (1985) ArticleTitle‘A Contingency Framework for Understanding Ethical Decision Making in Marketing’ Journal of Marketing 49 IssueIDSummer 97–103 R. H. Fazio (1990) ‘Multiple Processes by Which Attitudes Guide Behavior: The MODE Model as an Integrative Framework’ M. P. Zanna (Eds) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Academic Press San Diego, CA 75–109 M. Fishbein I. Ajzem (1975) Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research Addison-Wesley Reading, MA D. R. Forsyth (1980) ArticleTitle‘A Taxonomy of Ethical Ideologies’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39 IssueID1 175–184 Occurrence Handle10.1037//0022-3514.39.4.553 Fritzsche, D. J. and H. Becker: 1984, ‘Linking Management Behavior to Ethical Philosophy–An Empirical Investigation’, Academy of Management JournalMarch 166–175. C. Gilligan (1982) In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development Harvard University Press Cambrige, MA S. H. Glover M. A. Bumpus G. F. Sharp G. A. Munchus (2002) ArticleTitle‘Gender Differences in Ethical Decision Making’ Women in Management Review 17 IssueID5 217–227 Occurrence Handle10.1108/09649420210433175 John Paul II: 1991, ‘Centesimus Annus: A Selective Summary’, in J. L. S. J. Connor, (ed.), Woodstock Report. C. Handy (1990) ArticleTitle‘Teach Your Children Well’ Director 43 IssueID7 25 Hofstede, G.: 1983, ‘The Cultural Relativity of Organizational Practices and Theories’, Journal of International Business StudiesFall, 80–95. K. Karande C. P. Rao A. Singhapakdi (2002) ArticleTitle‘Moral Philosophies of Marketing Managers: A Comparison of American, Australian, and Malaysian Cultures’ European Journal of Marketing 36 IssueID7/8 168–191 Occurrence Handle10.1108/03090560210430791 L. Kohlberg (1981) The Philosophy of Moral Development: Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice: Vol. 1 Essays on Moral Development Harper & Row San Francisco, CA P. E. Lampe (1981) ArticleTitle‘Androgyny and Religiosity’ Journal for Scientific Study of Religion 19 89–104 R. Lazarus F. S. Stress (1984) Appraisal and Coping Springer Publishing Company New York, NY Lebanese Businessmen Association: 2004, ‘Codes of Business Ethics’, Available site: www.RDCL org.1b. J. G. Longenecker J. A. McKinney C. W. Moore (1989) ArticleTitle‘The Generation Gap in Business Ethics’ Business Horizons 32 IssueID5 9–14 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0007-6813(89)90076-1 R. Loo (2003) ArticleTitle‘Are Women More Ethical Than Men? Findings From Three Independent Studies’ Women in Management Review 18 IssueID4 169–181 Occurrence Handle10.1108/09649420310479372 S. Lysonski W. Gaidis (1991) ArticleTitle‘A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Ethics of Business Students’ Journal of Business thics 10 141–150 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00383617 J. K. M. Marta A. Singhapakdi A. Attia S. J. Vitell (2004) ArticleTitle‘Some Important Factors Underlying Ethical Decisions of Middle-Easterns Marketers’ International Marketing Review 21 IssueID1 53–67 Occurrence Handle10.1108/02651330410522916 F. M. Najjar (1992) ArticleTitle‘The Application of Sharia Laws in Egypt’ Middle East Policy 1 62–73 R. G. M. Pieters B. Verplanken (1995) ArticleTitle‘Intention-Behavior Consistency: Effects of Consideration Set Size, Involvement and need for Cognition’ European Journal of Social Psychology 25 531–543 M. Y. A. Rawwas (2001) ArticleTitle‘Culture, Personality and Morality: A Typology of International’s Consumers’ Ethical Believes’ International Marketing Review 18 IssueID2 188–209 J. R. Rest D. Narvaez (Eds) (1994) Moral Development in Professions Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Hillsdale, NJ G. Rice (1999) ArticleTitle‘Islamic Ethics and the Implications for Business’ Journal of Business Ethics 18 IssueID4 345–358 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1005711414306 Robbins, S. P. and M. Coulter: (eds.), 2002, Management(Prentice-Hall International), pp. 124. C. Robertson P. A. Fadil (1999) ArticleTitle‘Ethical Decision Making in Multinational Organizations: A Culture-Based Model’ Journal of Business Ethics 19 385–392 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1005742016867 Saschkin, M.: 1997, ‘The Managerial Value Profile’, in D. Hellriegel, S. E. Jackson and J. W. Slocum Jr, (eds.), Management(South Western College Publishing), 190–191. M. Schminke M. L. Ambrose (1997) ArticleTitle‘Asymmetric Perceptions of Ethical Frameworks of Men and Women and Non-Business Settings’ Journal of Business Ethics 16 719–729 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1017953626566 A. Singhapakdi S. J. Vitell G. R. Franke (1999) ArticleTitle‘Antecedents, Consequences, and Mediating Effects of Perceived Moral Intensity and Personal Moral Philosophies’ Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 27 IssueID1 19–35 M. W. Small L. Dickie (1999) ArticleTitle‘A Cinematograph of Moral Principles: Critical Values for Contemporary Business and Society’ Journal of Management Development 18 628–638 Occurrence Handle10.1108/02621719910284477 H. Tajfel J. C. Turner (1979) ‘An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict’ W. G. Austin S. Worchel (Eds) The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations Brooks-Cole Monterey, CA 33–47 R. Thomas (1997) Moral Development Theories – Secular and Religious Greenwood Press Westpoint, CT Transparency International: (2003), Corruption Perception Index 2003.Available site: www.transparency.org. U.S. Department of State, the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor: (2004), Lebanon: Country Report on Human Rights Practices.Available site: www.state.org. A. Vasquez-Parraga A. Kara (1995) ArticleTitle‘Ethical Decision Making in Turkish Sales Management’ Journal of Euromarketing 4 IssueID2 61–86 Occurrence Handle10.1300/J037v04n02_05 D. Vogel (1992) ArticleTitle‘The Globalization of Business Ethics: Why America Remains Distinctive’ California Management Review 35 IssueID1 30–49 J. S. Wimalasiri (2001) ArticleTitle‘Moral Reasoning Capacity of Management Students and Practitioners’ Journal of Managerial Psychology 16 IssueID8 614–634 Occurrence Handle10.1108/EUM0000000006303 World Bank: 2002, Gender Stats: Data Base of Gender Statistics in Lebanon.Available site: www.worlbank.com. T. R. Wotruba (1997) ArticleTitle‘Industry Self-Regulation: A Review and Extension to a Global Setting’ Journal of Public & Marketing 16 IssueID1 38–54 M. Wright (1995) ArticleTitle‘Can Moral Judgment and Ethical Behavior be Learned? A Review of the Literature’ Management Decisions 33 IssueID10 17–28 Occurrence Handle10.1108/00251749510100212