Management of forearm nonunions: current concepts

1. Anderson LD, Sisk D, Tooms RE, Park WI 3rd (1975) Compression- plate fixation in acute diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna. J Bone Joint Surg Am 57(3):287-297

2. Ring D, Allende C, Jafarnia K, Allende BT, Jupiter JB (2004) Ununited diaphyseal forearm fractures with segmental defects: plate fixation and autogenous cancellous bone-grafting. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86-A(11):2440-2445

3. Ring D, Tavakolian J, Kloen P, Helfet D, Jupiter JB (2004) Loss of alignment after surgical treatment of posterior Monteggia fractures: salvage with dorsal contoured plating. J Hand Surg Am 29(4):694-702

4. Ring D, Jupiter JB, Gulotta L (2003) Atrophic nonunions of the proximal ulna. Clin Orthop (409):268-274

5. Kloen P, Buijze GA (2009) Treatment of proximal ulna and olecranon fractures by dorsal plating. Oper Orthop Traumatol 21(6):571-585

6. Buijze GA, Blankevoort L, Tuijthof GJ, Sierevelt IN, Kloen P (2010) Biomechanical evaluation of fixation of comminuted olecranon fractures: one-third tubular versus locking compression plating. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 130(4):459-464

7. Buijze G, Kloen P (2009) Clinical evaluation of locking compression plate fixation for comminuted olecranon fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91(10):2416-2420

8. Kamineni S, Hirahara H, Pomianowski S, Neale PG, O'Driscoll SW, ElAttrache N, An KN, Morrey BF (2003) Partial posteromedial olecranon resection: a kinematic study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85(6):1005-1011

9. Ring D, Psychoyios VN, Chin KR, Jupiter JB (2002) Nonunion of nonoperatively treated fractures of the radial head. Clin Orthop Relat Res 398(398):235-238

10. Faraj AA, Livesly P, Branfoot T (1999) Nonunion of fracture of the neck of the radius: a report of three cases. J Orthop Trauma 13(7):513-515

11. Neumann M, Nyffeler R, Beck M (2011) Comminuted fractures of the radial head and neck: is fixation to the shaft necessary? J Bone Joint Surg Br 93(2):223-228

12. Chapman MW, Gordon JE, Zissimos AG (1989) Compressionplate fixation of acute fractures of the diaphyses of the radius and ulna. J Bone Joint Surg Am 71(2):159-169

13. Kloen P, Wiggers JK, Buijze GA (2010) Treatment of diaphyseal non-unions of the ulna and radius. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 130(12):1439-1445

14. Rosson JW, Shearer JR (1991) Refracture after the removal of plates from the forearm. An avoidable complication. J Bone Joint Surg Br 73(3):415-417

15. Faldini C, Pagkrati S, Nanni M, Menachem S, Giannini S (2009) Aseptic forearm nonunions treated by plate and opposite fibular autograft strut. Clin Orthop Relat Res 467(8):2125-2134

16. Snow M, Thompson G, Turner PG (2008) A mechanical comparison of the locking compression plate (LCP) and the low contact-dynamic compression plate (DCP) in an osteoporotic bone model. J Orthop Trauma 22(2):121-125

17. Moroni A, Rollo G, Guzzardella M, Zinghi G (1997) Surgical treatment of isolated forearm non-union with segmental bone loss. Injury 28(8):497-504

18. Barbieri CH, Mazzer N, Aranda CA, Pinto MM (1997) Use of a bone block graft from the iliac crest with rigid fixation to correct diaphyseal defects of the radius and ulna. J Hand Surg Br 22(3):395-401

19. Safoury Y (2005) Free vascularized fibula for the treatment of traumatic bone defects and nonunion of the forearm bones. J Hand Surg Br 30(1):67-72

20. Jupiter JB, Gerhard HJ, Guerrero J, Nunley JA, Levin LS (1997) Treatment of segmental defects of the radius with use of the vascularized osteoseptocutaneous fibular autogenous graft. J Bone Joint Surg Am 79(4):542-550

21. Prommersberger KJ, Fernandez DL (2004) Nonunion of distal radius fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 419(419):51-56

22. Fernandez DL, Ring D, Jupiter JB (2001) Surgical management of delayed union and nonunion of distal radius fractures. J Hand Surg Am 26(2):201-209

23. Ring D (2005) Nonunion of the distal radius. Hand Clin 21(3):443-447

24. Prasarn ML, Ouellette EA, Miller DR (2009) Infected nonunions of diaphyseal fractures of the forearm. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 130(7):867-873

25. Faldini C, Miscione MT, Acri F, Chehrassan M, Bonomo M, Giannini S (2011) Use of homologous bone graft in the treatment of aseptic forearm nonunion. Musculoskelet Surg 95(1):31-35

26. Marti RK, Kloen P (2011) Concepts and cases in nonunion treatment. Thieme Publishers Stuttgart, New York