Management of Hyperparathyroidism in the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes and Other Familial

Lawrence E. Mallette1
1From the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; and the Department of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas

Tài liệu tham khảo

Âkerström, 1984, Surgical anatomy of human parathyroid glands, Surgery, 95, 14 Allo, 1982, Familial hyperparathyroidism caused by solitary adenomas, Surgery, 92, 486 Benson, 1987, Parathyroid hormone release in vitro in hyperparathyroidism associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Acta Endocrinol (Copenh), 114, 12, 10.1530/acta.0.1140012 Block, 1975, Management of parathyroid glands in surgery for medullary thyroid carcinoma, Arch Surg, 110, 617, 10.1001/archsurg.1975.01360110163027 Brandi, 1986, Parathyroid mitogenic activity in plasma from patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, N Engl J Med, 314, 1287, 10.1056/NEJM198605153142004 Brennan, 1983, Reoperation for suspected hyperparathyroidism, 168 Brickman, 1981, Prolactin and calcitonin responses to parathyroid hormone in hypoparathyroid, pseudohypoparathyroid, and normal subjects, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 53, 661, 10.1210/jcem-53-3-661 Broadus, 1983, A detailed evaluation of oral phosphate therapy in selected patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 56, 963, 10.1210/jcem-56-5-953 Cance, 1985, Multiple endocrine neoplasia: Type 2A, Curr Probl Surg, 22, 1, 10.1016/0011-3840(85)90034-6 Casanova, 1991, Secondary hyperparathyroidism: Diagnosis of site of recurrence, World J Surg, 15, 546, 10.1007/BF01675660 Castleman, 1978 Cohn, 1985, Parathyroid carcinoma: The Lahey Clinic experience, Surgery, 98, 1095 Colon-Zorba, 1986, A syndrome of familial intrathyroidal primary parathyroid hyperplasia: Case reports and critical review of literature, P R Health Sci J, 5, 55 Delattre, 1982, Les variations des parathyroides, J Chir (Paris), 119, 633 Dinnen, 1977, Parathyroid carcinoma in familial hyperparathyroidism, J Clin Pathol, 30, 966, 10.1136/jcp.30.10.966 Doherty, 1992, Results of a multidisciplinary strategy for management of mediastinal parathyroid adenoma as a cause of persistent primary hyperparathyroidism, Ann Surg, 215, 101, 10.1097/00000658-199202000-00002 Donovan, 1990, Medullary thyroid carcinoma and the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, 501 Edis, 1979, The undescended “parathymus”: An occasional cause of failed neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism, Ann Surg, 190, 64, 10.1097/00000658-197907000-00014 Edwards, 1989, A new syndrome of autosomal recessive nephropathy, deafness, and hyperparathyroidism, J Med Genet, 26, 289, 10.1136/jmg.26.5.289 Endres, 1989, Measurement of parathyroid hormone, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 18, 611, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30356-6 Feig, 1987, Familial hyperparathyroidism in association with colonic carcinoma, Cancer, 60, 429, 10.1002/1097-0142(19870801)60:3<429::AID-CNCR2820600325>3.0.CO;2-3 Flye, 1981, Surgical resection of metastatic parathyroid carcinoma, Ann Surg, 193, 425, 10.1097/00000658-198104000-00006 Frayha, 1972, Familial parathyroid carcinoma, Leb Med J, 25, 299 Freeman, 1976, Transcervical thymectomy: An integral part of neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism, Arch Surg, 111, 359, 10.1001/archsurg.1976.01360220055009 Friedman E, De Marco L, Bale AE, et al: Allelic loss in parathyroid tumors in FMEN1 and sporadic parathyroid adenomas, [abstract 25] Abstracts of the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, 1991 Friedman, 1989, Clonality of parathyroid tumors in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, N Engl J Med, 321, 213, 10.1056/NEJM198907273210402 Gagel, 1988, The clinical outcome of prospective screening for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A: An 18-year experience, N Engl J Med, 318, 478, 10.1056/NEJM198802253180804 Geelhoed, 1983, Long-term follow-up of patients with hyperparathyroidism treated by transcatheter staining with contrast agent, Surgery, 94, 849 Gilbert, 1985, Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: Description of a new kindred with emphasis on its difference from primary hyperparathyroidism, Clin Invest Med, 8, 78 Grevsten, 1974, Familial hyperparathyroidism, Upsala J Med Sei, 79, 109, 10.3109/03009737409178978 Gunn, 1992, Urine calcium and serum ionized calcium, total calcium, and parathyroid hormone concentrations in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism and familial benign hypercalcaemia, Ann Clin Biochem, 29, 52, 10.1177/000456329202900107 Halsted, 1908, Auto and Isotransplantation, in dogs, of the parathyroid glandules, J Exp Med, 11, 175, 10.1084/jem.11.1.175 Harach, 1992, Parathyroid hyperplasia in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: A pathological and immunohistochemical reappraisal, Histopathology, 20, 305, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1992.tb00987.x Heath, 1989, Familial benign (hypocalciuric) hypercalcemia, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 18, 723, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30362-1 Heath, 1980, Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, N Engl J Med, 303, 810, 10.1056/NEJM198010023031409 Heath, 1976, Preoperative diagnosis of occult parathyroid hyperplasia by calcium infusion in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2A, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 43, 428, 10.1210/jcem-43-2-428 Isaac, 1978, Effect of parathyroid hormone on plasma prolactin in man, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 47, 18, 10.1210/jcem-47-1-18 Jackson, 1990, Hereditary hyperparathyroidism and multiple ossifying jaw fibromas: A clinically and genetically distinct syndrome, Surgery, 108, 1006 Jung, 1978, Multiple endocrine adenomatosis (type 1) and familial hyperparathyroidism, Postgrad Med J, 54, 92, 10.1136/pgmj.54.628.92 Keiser, 1973, Sipple’s syndrome: Medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid disease: Studies in a large family: NIH conference, Ann Intern Med, 78, 561, 10.7326/0003-4819-78-4-561 Kennett, 1971, Jaw lesions in familial hyperparathyroidism, Oral Surg, 31, 502, 10.1016/0030-4220(71)90347-1 Ladenson, 1978, Relationship of free and total calcium in hypercalcemic conditions, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 48, 393, 10.1210/jcem-48-3-393 Lamers, 1979, Clinical significance of hyperparathyroidism in familial multiple endocrine adenomatosis type 1 (MEA 1), Am J Med, 66, 422, 10.1016/0002-9343(79)91062-3 Law, 1983, Autosomal recessive inheritance of familial hyperparathyroidism, N Engl J Med, 309, 650, 10.1056/NEJM198309153091107 Law, 1984, High-resolution parathyroid ultrasonography in familial benign hypercalcemia (familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia), Mayo Clin Proc, 59, 155, 10.1016/S0025-6196(12)60766-6 Leborgne, 1975, Cancer familial des parathyroides. Intérèt de Tangiographie dans le diagnostic des récidives loco-régionales. Considérations á propos de deux cas, J Chir (Paris), 109, 315 Lloyd, 1989, The parathyroid glands in chronic renal failure: A study of their growth and other properties made on the basis of findings in patients with hypercalcemia, J Lab Clin Med, 114, 358 Mallette, 1993, Hyperparathyroidism, 625 Mallette, 1991, Is surgery necessary for the asymptomatic patient with primary hyperparathyroidism? Negative, 126 Mallette, 1991, The parathyroid polyhormones: New concepts in the spectrum of peptide hormone action, Endocr Rev, 12, 110, 10.1210/edrv-12-2-110 Mallette, 1993, Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, 90 Mallette, 1989, The role of parathyroid ultrasonography in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism, Am J Med Sei, 298, 51, 10.1097/00000441-198907000-00010 Mallette, 1987, False elevation of the midregion PTH value: Inhibition of tracer binding by heterophilic antibody in patient serum, J Bone Mineral Res, 2, 102 Mallette, 1991, Malignancy hypercalcemia: Evaluation of parathyroid function and response to treatment, Am J Med Sei, 302, 205, 10.1097/00000441-199110000-00002 Mallette, 1974, Parathyroid carcinoma in familial hyperparathyroidism, Am J Med, 57, 642, 10.1016/0002-9343(74)90018-7 Mallette, 1987, Autogenous parathyroid grafts for generalized primary parathyroid hyperplasia. Contrasting outcomes in sporadic hyperplasia versus multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Surgery, 101, 738 Mallette, 1984, Factors that influence the assessment of parathyroid graft function, Ann Surg, 199, 192, 10.1097/00000658-198402000-00011 Mallette, 1983, Generalized primary parathyroid hyperplasia: Studies of the evolution of autogenous parathyroid graft function, Surgery, 33, 254 Mallette, 1987, Familial cystic parathyroid adenomatosis, Ann Intern Med, 107, 54, 10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-54 Marcus, 1989, Estrogens and progestins in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 18, 715, 10.1016/S0889-8529(18)30361-X Marx, 1991, Etiologies of parathyroid gland dysfunction in primary hyperparathyroidism, J Bone Miner Res, 2, S19 Marx, 1981, The hypocalciuric or benign variant of familial hypercalcemia: Clinical and biochemical features in fifteen kindreds, Medicine, 60, 397, 10.1097/00005792-198111000-00002 Marx, 1988, Mitogenic activity on parathyroid cells in plasma from members of a large kindred with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 67, 149, 10.1210/jcem-67-1-149 Marx, 1978, Circulating parathyroid hormone activity: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia versus typical primary hyperparathyroidism, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 47, 1190, 10.1210/jcem-47-6-1190 Marx, 1980, Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: Recognition among patients referred after unsuccessful parathyroid exploration, Ann Intern Med, 92, 351, 10.7326/0003-4819-92-3-351 Marx, 1986, Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Assessment of laboratory tests to screen for the gene in a large kindred, Medicine, 65, 226, 10.1097/00005792-198607000-00003 McMurtry, 1992, Significant developmental elevation in serum parathyroid hormone levels in a large kindred with familial benign (hypocalciuric) hypercalcemia, Am J Med, 93, 247, 10.1016/0002-9343(92)90229-5 Meakins, 1984, Total parathyroidectomy: Parathyroid hormone levels and supernumerary glands in hemodialysis patients, Clin Invest Med, 7, 21 Melvin, 1972, Studies in familial (medullary) thyroid carcinoma, Recent Prog Horm Res, 28, 399 Miller, 1987, Angiographic ablation of parathyroid adenomas. Lessons from a 10-year experience, Radiology, 165, 601, 10.1148/radiology.165.3.3685340 Norton, 1987, Effect of parathyroidectomy in patients with hyperparathyroidism, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: A prospective study, Surgery, 102, 958 Parfitt, 1991, Cell kinetics in parathyroid adenomas: Evidence for decline in rates of cell birth and tumour growth, assuming clonal origin, Clin Endocrinol, 35, 151, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03514.x Radford, 1990, Loss of heterozygosity of markers on chromosome 11 in tumors from patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1, Cancer Res, 50, 6529 Rao, 1988, Lack of biochemical progression or continuation of accelerated bone loss in mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: Evidence for biphasic disease course, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 67, 1294, 10.1210/jcem-67-6-1294 Raymond, 1982, Comparison between the plasma concentrations of prolactin and parathyroid hormone in normal subjects and in patients with hyperparathyroidism or hyperprolactinemia, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 55, 1222, 10.1210/jcem-55-6-1222 Rizzoli, 1985, Primary hyperparathyroidism in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Am J Med, 78, 467, 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90340-7 Rosen, 1981, Fibroosseous tumors of the facial skeleton in association with primary hyperparathyroidism: An endocrine syndrome or coincidence?, Am J Surg, 142, 494, 10.1016/0002-9610(81)90382-2 Sandelin, 1992, Morphology, DNA ploidy, and allele losses on chromosome 11 in sporadic hyperparathyroidism and that associated with multiple neoplasia type 1, Eur J Surg, 158, 199 Sandler, 1980, Familial hyperparathyroidism, Arch Dis Child, 55, 146, 10.1136/adc.55.2.146 Sawady, 1989, The intrathyroidal hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland, Mod Pathol, 2, 652 Schlinkert, 1991, Resection of select mediastinal parathyroid adenomas through an anterior mediastinotomy, Mayo Clin Proc, 66, 1110, 10.1016/S0025-6196(12)65789-9 Skogseid, 1991, Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: A 10-year prospective screening study in four kindreds, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 73, 281, 10.1210/jcem-73-2-281 Steiner, 1968, Study of a kindred with pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, hyperparathyroidism and Cushing’s disease: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, Medicine, 47, 371, 10.1097/00005792-196809000-00001 Thakkar, 1989, Association of parathyroid tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with loss of alleles on chromosome 11, N Engl J Med, 321, 218, 10.1056/NEJM198907273210403 Veldhuis, 1984, Divergent influences of calcium ions on releasing factor-stimulated anterior pituitary hormone secretion in normal man, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 59, 56, 10.1210/jcem-59-1-56 Wagner, 1991, Replantation of cryopreserved human parathyroid tissue, World J Surg, 15, 751, 10.1007/BF01665310 Wang, 1977, Parathyroid reexploration: a clinical and pathological study of 112 cases, Ann Surg, 186, 140, 10.1097/00000658-197708000-00004 Warnakulasuriya, 1985, Familial hyperparathyroidism associated with cementifying fibromas of the jaws in two siblings, Oral Surg, 59, 269, 10.1016/0030-4220(85)90165-3 Wells, 1980, Long-term evaluation of patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia managed by total parathyroidectomy and heterotopic autotransplantation, Ann Surg, 192, 451, 10.1097/00000658-198010000-00003 Zabel, 1987, Studies on localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the thyroid-parathyroid complex, Virchows Arch, 411, 569, 10.1007/BF00713288