Management of Common Neurologic Symptoms in Pediatric Palliative Care: Seizures, Agitation, and Spasticity

Pediatric Clinics of North America - Tập 54 - Trang 709-733 - 2007
Courtney J. Wusthoff1, Renée A. Shellhaas1, Daniel J. Licht1
1Division of Child Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6th Floor Wood Building, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Himelstein, 2004, Pediatric palliative care, N Engl J Med, 350, 1752, 10.1056/NEJMra030334 Hain, 2004, Paediatric palliative medicine: a unique challenge, Pediatr Rehabil, 7, 79, 10.1080/1363849042000202303 Association for Children with Life-threatening or Terminal Conditions and their Families, 1997 Paneth, 2006, The descriptive epidemiology of cerebral palsy, Clin Perinatol, 33, 251, 10.1016/j.clp.2006.03.011 van Stuijvenberg, 1999, Parents' fear regarding fever and febrile seizures, Acta Paediatr, 88, 618, 10.1080/08035259950169260 Baumer, 1981, Many parents think their child is dying when having a first febrile convulsion, Dev Med Child Neurol, 23, 462 Arunkumar, 2000, Parent- and patient-validated content for pediatric epilepsy quality-of-life assessment, Epilepsia, 41, 1474, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00125.x Sullivan, 2005, Antiepileptic drug monotherapy: pediatric concerns, Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 12, 88, 10.1016/j.spen.2005.03.003 French, 2000, Antiepileptic drug interactions, Epilepsia, 41, S30, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb02944.x Perucca, 2001, Harnessing the clinical potential of antiepileptic drug therapy: dosage optimisation, CNS Drugs, 15, 609, 10.2165/00023210-200115080-00004 Levy, 2002 Sander, 2004, The use of antiepileptic drugs—principles and practice, Epilepsia, 45, 28, 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.455005.x O'Dell, 2005, Rectal diazepam gel in the home management of seizures in children, Pediatr Neurol, 33, 166, 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.03.005 McIntyre, 2005, Safety and efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 366, 205, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66909-7 Pellock, 2005, Respiratory adverse events associated with diazepam rectal gel, Neurology, 64, 1768, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000162031.03390.BA Cloyd, 1998, A single-blind, crossover comparison of the pharmacokinetics and cognitive effects of a new diazepam rectal gel with intravenous diazepam, Epilepsia, 39, 520, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01415.x Cummings, 2004, Pharmacologic management of behavioral instability in medically ill pediatric patients, Curr Opin Pediatr, 16, 516, 10.1097/01.mop.0000139300.13152.20 Houlahan, 2006, Can end of life care for the pediatric patient suffering with escalating and intractable symptoms be improved?, J Pediatr Oncol Nurs, 23, 45, 10.1177/1043454205283588 Kehl, 2004, Treatment of terminal restlessness: a review of the evidence, J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother, 18, 5 Travis, 2001, Terminal restlessness in the nursing facility: assessment, palliation, and symptom management, Geriatr Nurs, 22, 308, 10.1067/mgn.2001.120996 Turkel, 2006, Comparing symptoms of delirium in adults and children, Psychosomatics, 47, 320, 10.1176/appi.psy.47.4.320 Gattera, 1994, A retrospective study of risk factors of akathisia in terminally ill patients, J Pain Symptom Manage, 9, 454, 10.1016/0885-3924(94)90202-X Thwaites, 2004, Hydromorphone neuroexcitation, J Palliat Med, 7, 545, 10.1089/jpm.2004.7.545 Drake, 2003, The symptoms of dying children, J Pain Symptom Manage, 26, 594, 10.1016/S0885-3924(03)00202-1 Bottomley, 1990, Subcutaneous midazolam infusion in palliative care, J Pain Symptom Manage, 5, 259, 10.1016/0885-3924(90)90020-K Henderson, 2006, The use of benzodiazepines in palliative care, Palliat Med, 20, 407, 10.1191/0269216306pm1151oa Burke, 1991, Terminal restlessness—its management and the role of midazolam, Med J Aust, 155, 485, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb93848.x Weisman, 1998, Supportive care in children with cancer, 845 Harrison, 2002, The use of haloperidol in agitated critically ill children, Clin Pediatr (Phila), 41, 51, 10.1177/000992280204100111 McIver, 1994, The use of chlorpromazine for symptom control in dying cancer patients, J Pain Symptom Manage, 9, 341, 10.1016/0885-3924(94)90193-7 Fugate, 1997, Measurement and treatment of agitation following traumatic brain injury: II. A survey of the Brain Injury Special Interest Group of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 78, 924, 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90051-4 Fleminger, 2006, Greenwood RJ, Oliver DL. Pharmacological management for agitation and aggression in people with acquired brain injury, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4, 10.1002/14651858.CD003299.pub2 Stirling, 1999, The use of phenobarbitone in the management of agitation and seizures at the end of life, J Pain Symptom Manage, 17, 363, 10.1016/S0885-3924(99)00006-8 Collins, 2004, Paediatric palliative medicine: symptom control in life-threatening illness, 789 Hicks, 2005, Palliative care for people with progressive neurological disorders, 256 Good, 2006, What are the essential medications in pallative care?—A survey of Australian palliative care doctors, Aust Fam Physician, 35, 261 Krauss, 2001, Management of acute pain and anxiety in children undergoing procedures in the emergency department, Pediatr Emerg Care, 17, 115, 10.1097/00006565-200104000-00010 Kang, 2005, Pediatric palliative, end-of-life, and bereavement care, Pediatr Clin North Am, 52, 1029, 10.1016/j.pcl.2005.04.004 Friebert, 2004, Palliative care, 379 Tremblay, 2001, Psychiatric dimensions of palliative care, Neurol Clin, 19, 949, 10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70055-4 Nauck, 2004, Drugs in palliative care: results from a representative survey in Germany, Palliat Med, 18, 100, 10.1191/0269216304pm852oa Miser, 1993, Pain and symptom control, 22 Mysiw, 1997, The agitated brain injured patient. Part 2: pathophysiology and treatment, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 78, 213, 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90266-5 Shapiro, 1995, Practice parameters for intravenous analgesia and sedation for adult patients in the intensive care unit: an executive summary. Society of Critical Care Medicine, Crit Care Med, 23, 1596, 10.1097/00003246-199509000-00021 Hooke, 2007, Propofol use in pediatric patients with severe cancer pain at the end of life, J Pediatr Oncol Nurs, 24, 29, 10.1177/1043454206296026 Verrotti, 2006, Pharmacotherapy of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy, Pediatr Neurol, 34, 1, 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.05.001 Himelstein, 2006, Palliative care for infants, children, adolescents, and their families, J Palliat Med, 9, 163, 10.1089/jpm.2006.9.163 Pin, 2006, The effectiveness of passive stretching in children with cerebral palsy, Dev Med Child Neurol, 48, 855, 10.1017/S0012162206001836 Sibson, 2005, Palliative care for children, 295 Kurent, 2003, Neurological diseases, 104 Chou, 2004, Comparative efficacy and safety of skeletal muscle relaxants for spasticity and musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review, J Pain Symptom Manage, 28, 140, 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2004.05.002 Smith, 2000, Tizanidine in the management of spasticity and musculoskeletal complaints in the palliative care population, Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 17, 50, 10.1177/104990910001700111 Lubsch, 2006, Oral baclofen and clonidine for treatment of spasticity in children, J Child Neurol, 21, 1090, 10.1177/7010.2006.00134 Berweck, 2004, Use of botulinum toxin in pediatric spasticity (cerebral palsy), Mov Disord, 19, S162, 10.1002/mds.20088 Heinen, 2006, European consensus table 2006 on botulinum toxin for children with cerebral palsy, Eur J Paediatr Neurol, 10, 215, 10.1016/j.ejpn.2006.08.006