Male contraception

Christina Wang1, Ronald S Swerdloff2
1General Clinical Research Center, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, CA, 90509, USA
2UCLA School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Trussel, 1987, Contraceptive failure in the United States: A critical review of literature, Studies in Family Planning, 18, 237, 10.2307/1966856 Li, 1991, The no-scalpel vasectomy, Journal of Urology, 145, 341, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)38334-9 Li, 1980, Percutaneous injection of vas deferens, Chinese Journal of Urology, 1, 193 Chen, 1992, Safety and efficacy of percutaneous injection of polyurethane elastomer (MPU) plugs for vas occlusion in man, International Journal of Andrology, 15, 468, 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1992.tb01140.x Patanelli, 1978 Cunningham, 1978, Clinical evaluation of testosterone enanthate for induction and maintenance of reversible azoospermia in man, 71 Swerdloff, 1978, Clinical evaluation of testosterone enanthate in the reversible suppression of spermatogenesis in the human male: efficacy, mechanism of action, and adverse effects, 41 1990, Lancet, 336, 955, 10.1016/0140-6736(90)92416-F 1996, Fertility and Sterility, 65, 821, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58221-1 Handelsman, 1992, Suppression of human spermatogenesis by testosterone implants in man, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 75, 1326 Behre, 1995, Potential of testosterone buciclate for male contraception: endocrine differences between responders and non-responders, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 80, 2394 Zhang, 1998, A pharmacokinetic study of injectable testosterone undecanoate in hypogonadal men, Journal of Andrology, 19, 761, 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1998.tb02086.x Behre, 1999, Intramuscular injection of testosterone undecanoate for the treatment of male hypogonadism: phase I studies, European Journal of Endocrinology, 140, 414, 10.1530/eje.0.1400414 Zhang, 1999, A clinical trial of injectable testosterone undecanoate as a potential male contraceptive in normal Chinese men, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 3642 Kamischke, 2000, Intramuscular testosterone undecanoate with or without oral levornogestrel: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial for male contraception, Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford), 53, 351, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01097.x Wang, 1999, Male contraception in the 21st century, 303 Wang, 1999, Androgen replacement therapy, risks and benefits, 157 Handelsman, 1999, The safety androgens: prostate and cardiovascular disease, 173 Schearer, 1978, Hormonal contraception for men, International Journal of Andrology, Suppl 2, 680, 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00517.x Bebb, 1996, Combined administration of levonorgestrel and testosterone induces more rapid and effective suppression of spermatogenesis than testosterone alone: A promising male contraceptive approach, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 81, 757 Anawalt, 1999, A lower dosage levonorgestrel and testosterone combination effectively suppresses spermatogenesis and circulating gonadotrophin levels with fewer metabolic effects than higher dosage combinations, Journal of Andrology, 20, 407, 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1999.tb02535.x 1993, Fertility and Sterility, 60, 1062, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)56411-5 Wu, 1999, Oral progestogen combined with testosterone as a potential male contraceptive: additive effects between desogestrel and testosterone enanthate in suppression of spermatogenesis, pituitary-testicular axis, and lipid metabolism, Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 112 Anawalt, 2000, Desogestrel plus testosterone effectively suppresses spermatogenesis but also causes modest weight gain and high density lipo protein suppression, Fertility and Sterility, 14, 704 Meriggiola, 1996, A combined regimen of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate as a potentially high effective male contraceptive, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 81, 3018 Meriggiola, 1998, Low dose of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate for contraception in men, Human Reproduction, 13, 1225, 10.1093/humrep/13.5.1225 Kamischke, 2000, Intramuscular testosterone undecanoate and nonethisterone enanthate in a clinical trial for male contraception, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 303 Handelsman, 1996, Establishing the minimum effective dose and additive effects of depot progestin in suppression of human spermatogenesis by a testosterone depot, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 81, 4113 Büchter, 1999, Clinical trial of transdermal testosterone and oral levonogestrel for male contraception, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 1244 Wang, 1980, Use of low-dosage cyprosterone acetate as a male contraceptive, Contraception, 21, 245, 10.1016/0010-7824(80)90005-0 Hamann, 1998, Syntheses and biological activity of a novel series of nonsteroidal, peripherally selective androgen receptor antagonists derived from 1,2-dihydropyridono [5,6-g] quinolines, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 41, 623, 10.1021/jm970699s Kumar, 1992, The biological activity of 7 α-methyl-19-nortestosterone is not amplified in male reproductive tract as is that of testosterone, Endocrinology, 130, 3677, 10.1210/endo.130.6.1597164 Anderson, 1999, 7α-Methyl-19-northestosterone maintains sexual behavior and mood in hypogonadal men, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 3556 Bhasin, 1985, Hormonal effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and androgen, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 60, 998, 10.1210/jcem-60-5-998 Bhasin, 1984, Hormonal effects of GnRH agonist in the human male: II. Testosterone enhances gonadotrophin suppression induced by GnRH agonist, Clinical Endocrinology, 20, 119, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1984.tb00066.x Behre, 1992, Depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist blunts the androgen-induced suppression of spermatogenesis in a clinical trial of male contraception, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 74, 84 Pavlou, 1987, Suppression of pituitary-gonadal function by a potent new luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist in normal men, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 64, 931, 10.1210/jcem-64-5-931 Tom, 1992, Induction of azoospermia in normal men with combined Nal-Glu gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist and testosterone enanthate, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 75, 476 Bagatell, 1993, Comparison of a gonadotropin releasing-hormone antagonist plus testosterone (T) versus T alone as potential male contraceptive regimens, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 77, 427 Behre, 1992, Effective suppression of luteinizing hormone and testosterone by single doses of the new gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix (SB-75) in normal men, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 75, 393 Swerdloff, 1998, Suppression of spermatogenesis in man induced by Nal-Glu gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist and testosterone enanthate is maintained by testosterone enanthate alone, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83, 3527 Ewing, 1978, Effects of testosterone and estradiol, silastic implants, on spermatogenesis in rats and monkeys, 173 Anderson, 1996, Comparison between testosterone enanthate-induced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in a male contraceptive study. I. Higher 5α reductase activity in oligozoospermic men administered supraphysiological doses of testosterone, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 81, 902 Wang, 1998, Graded testosterone infusions distinguish gonadotropin negative feedback responsiveness in Asian and White men—A clinical research center study, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83, 870 Santner, 1998, Comparative rates of androgen production and metabolism in Caucasian and Chinese subjects, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83, 2104 Johnson, 1998, Ethnic difference in testicular structure and spermatogenic potential may predispose testes of Asian men to a heightened sensitivity to steroidal contraceptives, Journal of Andrology, 19, 348, 10.1002/j.1939-4640.1998.tb02015.x Sinha-Hikim, 1998, Spontaneous germ cell apoptosis in humans: evidence for ethnic differences in the susceptability of germ cells to programmed cell death, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83, 152, 10.1210/jcem.83.1.4485 Waites, 1998, Gossypol: reasons for its failure to be accepted as a safe, reversible male antifertility drug, International Journal of Andrology, 21, 8, 10.1046/j.1365-2605.1998.00092.x Handelsman, 2000, Oestradiol enhances testosterone-induced suppression of human spermatogenesis, Human Reproduction, 15, 672, 10.1093/humrep/15.3.672