Tiến vào thị trường: Cơ sở hạ tầng, Năng lực Nhà nước và Sự chiếm ưu thế của Trung Quốc trong Phát triển Mỹ Latinh

Studies in Comparative International Development - Tập 54 - Trang 323-345 - 2019
Katherine Bersch1, Riitta-Ilona Koivumaeki2
1Davidson College, Davidson, USA
2Seattle, USA

Tóm tắt

Trong thập kỷ qua, sự tham gia của Trung Quốc vào phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng ở Mỹ Latinh đã gia tăng đáng kể. Làn sóng đầu tư Trung Quốc cùng với công nhân, kỹ sư và thiết bị xây dựng Trung Quốc đã khiến các học giả và quan sát viên đặt câu hỏi liệu có một mô hình phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng đặc trưng của Trung Quốc hay không. Trung Quốc có áp dụng cách tiếp cận tích hợp ở Mỹ Latinh—tài trợ, thiết kế và thực hiện các dự án—hay hoạt động giống như bất kỳ quốc gia hay công ty nước ngoài nào khác? Chúng tôi phát triển khái niệm "sự chiếm ưu thế về cơ sở hạ tầng" để trả lời những câu hỏi này. Sử dụng dữ liệu về hơn 400 dự án cơ sở hạ tầng công cộng quan trọng nhất, chúng tôi phát hiện rằng sự tham gia của Trung Quốc vào các dự án thay đổi tùy thuộc vào những hạn chế thể chế hiện có của quốc gia chủ nhà. Ở những quốc gia có thể chế vững mạnh, các công ty Trung Quốc đóng vai trò tương tự như các thực thể nước ngoài khác tham gia vào phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng. Tuy nhiên, ở các quốc gia Mỹ Latinh với thể chế hạ tầng yếu, Trung Quốc thực hiện một vai trò hoàn toàn khác — nó có xu hướng chiếm ưu thế trong các dự án. Do đó, bài báo này nhấn mạnh khả năng thích ứng của cách tiếp cận Trung Quốc và tầm quan trọng của các thể chế trong nước trong việc định hình bản chất của phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng.

Từ khóa

#Trung Quốc #phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng #Mỹ Latinh #thể chế #đầu tư nước ngoài

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