Major limb amputation and the relevance of osteopathic manipulative medicine in management

Ziegler-Graham, 2008, Estimating the prevalence of limb loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 89, 422, 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.005 Reiber, 2002, Lower extremity foot ulcers and amputations in diabetics Laughlin, 1958, Phantom limb pain, J Osteopath, 65, 23 Waters, 1976, Energy cost of walking of amputees: the influence of level of amputation, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 58, 42, 10.2106/00004623-197658010-00007 Thys, 1996, Comments on energy cost, mechanical work and muscular efficiency in swing-through gait with elbow crutches, Biomechanics, 29, 1473, 10.1016/0021-9290(96)84543-X Vleeming, 1995, The posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia: its function in load transfer from the spine to legs, Spine, 20, 753, 10.1097/00007632-199504000-00001 Myers, 2009 van der Wal, 2009, The architecture of the connective tissue in the musculoskeletal system as to proprioception in the locomotor apparatus, Int J Ther Massage Bodywork, 2, 9 Glover, 2011, Glossary of osteopathic terminology, 1106 Beatty, 2010, Pocket Manual of OMT: Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Physicians, 71 Nelson, 2007, The manipulative prescription, 34 Comeaux, 2002 Pucher, 1999, Coping with amputation and phantom limb pain, J Psychosom Res, 46, 379, 10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00111-1 Blakesle, 1998