Magnetic treatment of microalgae for enhanced product formation
Tóm tắt
Static or modulated magnetic fields (MF) may interact with the biological system and affect the metabolism of microorganisms, such as their photosynthetic capacity or synthesis of carbohydrates. Their effects on microorganisms, which can be classified into inhibiting, stimulating and null, may be interpreted as the result of stress that cells undergo, thus, leading to responses through the same mechanisms. Biological effects of exposure to magnetic forces depend on magnetic intensity, frequency and exposure time. Modifications in these parameters may enhance product formation. Effects differ according to the form and application of MF characteristic parameters. Magnetic treatments have the advantages of being convenient and non-toxic, having low running cost, emitting no secondary pollution, enabling wide application and being easily shielded. MF application to the cultivation of microalgae, to improve the production of finished biomolecules, is a simple, inexpensive and powerful process. However, bioeffects of MF on microalgae need to be further investigated because there have currently been very few available reports in the literature. Thus, studies which aim at optimizing parameters involved in MF application must be developed in order to obtain the best conditions for the production of molecules with high economic potential.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bauer LM, Costa JAV, Rosa APC, Santos LO (2017) Growth stimulation and synthesis of lipids, pigments and antioxidants with magnetic fields in Chlorella kessleri cultivations. Bioresour Technol. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.036
Beruto DT, Lagazzo A, Frumento D, Converti A (2014) Kinetic model of Chlorella vulgaris growth with and without extremely low frequency-electromagnetic fields (EM-ELF). J Biotechnol 169:9–14. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.10.035
Bowles DJ (2007) Micro- and macro-algae: utility for industrial applications: outputs from the EPOBIO project. CPL Press, Newbury
Deamici KM, Cardias BB, Costa JAV, Santos LO (2016a) Static magnetic fields in culture of Chlorella fusca: bioeffects on growth and biomass composition. Process Biochem 51:912–916. doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.04.005
Deamici KM, Costa JAV, Santos LO (2016b) Magnetic fields as triggers of microalga growth: evaluation of its effect on Spirulina sp. Bioresour Technol 220:62–67. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.038
Dini L, Abbro L (2005) Bioeffects of moderate-intensity static magnetic fields on cell cultures. Micron 36:195–217. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2004.12.009
Engström S (2006) Magnetic field effects on free radical reactions in biology. In: Barnes FS, Greenebaum B Bioengineering and biophysical aspects of electromagnetic fields, 3rd edn. CRC Press, New York, pp 156–165
Giancoli D (1998) Physics principles with applications. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
Halliday D, Resnick R, Walker J (2012) Fundamentals of physics—electromagnetism. 9th edn. Wiley, Hoboken
Hirano M, Ohta A, Abe K (1998) Magnetic field effects on photosynthesis and growth of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. J Ferment Bioeng 86:313–316
Hunt RW, Zavalin A, Bhatnagar A, Chinnasamy S, Das KC (2009) Electromagnetic biostimulation of living cultures for biotechnology, biofuel and bioenergy applications. Int J Mol Sci 10:4719–4722. doi: 10.3390/ijms10114719
Katz E, Lioubashevski O, Willner I (2005) Magnetic field effects on bioelectrocatalytic reactions of surface-confined enzyme systems: enhanced performance of biofuel cells. J Am Chem Soc 127:3979–3988
Li ZY, Guo SY, Li L, Cai MY (2007) Effects of electromagnetic field on the batch cultivation and nutritional composition of Spirulina platensis in an air-lift photobioreactor. Bioresour Technol 98:700–705. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.01.024
Li W, Sheng GP, Liu XW, Cai PJ, Sun M, Xiao X, Wang YK (2011) Impact of a static magnetic field on the electricity production of Shewanella-inoculated microbial fuel cells. Biosens Bioelectron 26:3987–3992
Luna LG, Menéndez J, Álvarez I, Flores I (2009) Efecto de diferentes protocolos de aplicación de un campo magnético (0.03 T) sobre el crecimiento, viabilidad y composición pigmentaria de Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow en suficiencia y ausencia de nitrógeno. Biotecnología Vegetal 9:105–117
Luna LG, Álvarez I, Rivero R (2011) Cultivo de Chlorella vulgaris sobre residual de soja con la aplicación de un campo magnético. Revi Colomb de Biotecnol 13: 27–38
Nimitan E, Topola N (1972) Influence of magnetic fields on the dehydrogenase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analele S. Univ. Al. I. Cuza’ din Iasi. Biologie 18:259–264
Pazur A, Scheer H (1992) The growth of freshwater green algae in weak alternating magnetic fields of 7.8 Hz frequency. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 47c:690–694
Repacholi MH, Greenebaum B (1999) Interaction of static and extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields with living systems: health effects and research needs. Bioelectromagnetics 20:133–160
Sahebjamei H, Abdolmaleki P, Ghanati F (2007) Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant enzyme activities of suspension-cultured tobacco cells. Bioelectromagnetics 28:42–47
Singh SS, Tiwari SP, Abraham J, Rai S, Rai AK (1994) Magnetobiological effects on a cyanobacterium, Anabaena doliolum. Electromagn Biol Med 13:227–235
Slade R, Bauen A (2013) Micro-algae cultivation for biofuels: Cost, energy balance, environmental impacts and future prospects. Biomass Bioenerg 53:29–38
Small DP, Hüner NP, Wan W (2012) Effect of static magnetic fields on the growth, photosynthesis and ultrastructure of Chlorella kessleri microalgae. Bioelectromagnetics 33:298–308
Teng HC (2005) A Puzzle of the effect of magnetic field on biological cells. Life Sci J 2:16–21
Tu R, Jin W, Xi T, Yang Q, Han S-F, Abomohra A E-F (2015) Effect of static magnetic field on the oxygen production of Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated in municipal wastewater. Water Res 86:132–138
Wang HY, Zeng XB, Guo SY (2006) Growth of Chlorella vulgaris under different magnetic treatments. Prog Mod Biomed 6:106–108
Wang H-Y, Zeng X-B, Guo S-Y, Li Z-T (2008) Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant defense system of recirculation-cultured Chlorella vulgaris. Bioelectromagnetics 29:39–46
WHO- World Health Organization (1987) Environmental health criteria 69: magnetic fields. Geneva Switzerland ISBN 92 4 154269 1
Yang GJ, Wang J, Mei Y, Luan Z (2011) Effect of magnetic field on protein and oxygen production of Chorella vulgaris. Math Phys Fish Sci 9:116–126
Zapata JE, Moreno G, Márquez EJ (2002) Efectos de los campos magnéticos sobre el crecimiento de. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interciência 27:544–550
Zapata JE, Hoyos M, Moreno G (2005) Acción de un campo magnético sobre un cultivo aireado de. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interciência 30:409–413
Zhang L, Chen L, Wang J, Chen Y, Gao X, Zhang Z, Liu T (2015) Attached cultivation for improving the biomass productivity of Spirulina platensis. Bioresour Technol 181:136–142
Zhi-Yong L, Si-Yuan G, Lin L, Miao-Yan C (2007) Effects of electromagnetic field on the batch cultivation and nutritional composition of Spirulina platensis in an air-lift photobioreactor. Bioresour Technol 98:700–705