Sự thiếu hụt magnesi và sự tương tác của nó với hệ cơ xương, tập luyện và mô liên kết: tổng hợp bằng chứng

Maria V. Sankova1, Vladimir N. Nikolenko1,2, Marine V. Oganesyan1,2, Sergey V. Sankov1, Mikhail Y. Sinelnikov3,1, Andrey V. Suslov4,3, Aleksandra S. Trishina1, Tatyana S. Zharikova1,2, André Pontes-Silva5, Yury O. Zharikov1
1I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
2Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
3Russian National Centre of Surgery, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
4Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
5Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy (PPGFT), Department of Physical Therapy (DFisio), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Tập thể dục thể chất thường xuyên là một phần thiết yếu của lối sống lành mạnh, duy trì và củng cố sức khỏe cộng đồng. Gần đây, số lượng chấn thương cơ xương tái phát xảy ra trong quá trình tập luyện đang gia tăng. Một yếu tố nguy cơ nghiêm trọng đối với những tổn thương như vậy là bệnh lý mô liên kết ban đầu. Các kiểu hình loạn sản đặc hiệu bệnh lý, cho thấy độ nhạy cảm đặc biệt với chấn thương, đã được thiết lập. Vai trò quyết định trong việc tăng cường mức độ nghiêm trọng của các rối loạn mô liên kết một phần được cho là do sự thiếu hụt magnesi, một trong những tình trạng thiếu hụt phổ biến nhất ở con người. Nghiên cứu này nhằm trình bày vai trò của magnesi trong cân bằng nội môi mô liên kết, phục vụ cho việc biện minh về khả năng bổ sung magnesi cho những người có nguy cơ chấn thương cơ xương. Một bài tổng quan phân tích về dữ liệu gần đây được công bố từ tháng 1 năm 2004 đến tháng 12 năm 2023 trên các tài nguyên điện tử như Global Health, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Medline, Embase, PubMed-NCBI, RSCI Scopus, Cochrane Library, e-Library, Google Academy, và CyberLeninka đã được tiến hành. Phân tích dữ liệu được thực hiện từ tháng 1 năm 2023 đến tháng 12 năm 2023. Việc phân tích các dữ liệu thu được cho phép xác định các cơ chế bệnh sinh chính của tác động do thiếu hụt magnesi lên mô liên kết, bao gồm sự mất ổn định RNA tế bào, sự bất hoạt của hyaluronan synthetases, điều tiết hoạt động của hyaluronidase, kích thích các metalloproteinase của ma trận, sự bất hoạt của elastase, sự thực hiện phản ứng tự miễn, kích hoạt lysyl oxidase và transglutaminase. Các quá trình này dẫn đến sự gia tăng thoái hóa collagen, elastin và chuỗi polysaccharide hyaluronan; giảm việc liên kết chéo cấu trúc sợi; và tăng cường các quá trình viêm. Điều này dẫn đến sự hình thành mô liên kết bị khuyết tật và làm tăng độ nhạy cảm với áp lực vật lý và nguy cơ chấn thương. Magnesi hoạt động tham gia vào hầu hết tất cả các phản ứng sinh hóa của quá trình chuyển hóa mô liên kết, và việc không thể tổng hợp nó trong cơ thể yêu cầu phải có lượng đủ yếu tố này được hấp thụ qua thực phẩm và nước. Trong trường hợp thiếu hụt magnesi từ vừa đến nặng, việc kê đơn bổ sung magnesi về mặt bệnh lý là hợp lý, và cần xem xét các bệnh kèm theo, mức độ thiếu hụt và độ tuổi. Việc điều trị thường xuyên bằng các chế phẩm magnesi giúp cải thiện các đặc tính cơ học của mô liên kết, ngăn ngừa sự tiến triển của các rối loạn loạn sản, giảm nguy cơ chấn thương và duy trì sức khỏe trong quá trình tập luyện.

Từ khóa

#magnesium deficiency #connective tissue #musculoskeletal injuries #physical exercise #biochemical reactions #homeostasis

Tài liệu tham khảo

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