MYC: Master Regulator of Immune Privilege

Hanahan, 2000, The hallmarks of cancer, Cell, 100, 57, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9 Dang, 2012, MYC on the path to cancer, Cell, 149, 22, 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.003 Lin, 2012, Transcriptional amplification in tumor cells with elevated c-Myc, Cell, 151, 56, 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.026 Nie, 2012, c-Myc is a universal amplifier of expressed genes in lymphocytes and embryonic stem cells, Cell, 151, 68, 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.033 Walz, 2014, Activation and repression by oncogenic MYC shape tumour-specific gene expression profiles, Nature, 511, 483, 10.1038/nature13473 Felsher, 1999, Reversible tumorigenesis by MYC in hematopoietic lineages, Mol. Cell, 4, 199, 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80367-6 Jain, 2002, Sustained loss of a neoplastic phenotype by brief inactivation of MYC, Science, 297, 102, 10.1126/science.1071489 Shachaf, 2004, MYC inactivation uncovers pluripotent differentiation and tumour dormancy in hepatocellular cancer, Nature, 431, 1112, 10.1038/nature03043 Weinstein, 2008, Oncogene addiction, Cancer Res., 68, 3077, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-3293 Wu, 2007, Cellular senescence is an important mechanism of tumor regression upon c-Myc inactivation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 104, 13028, 10.1073/pnas.0701953104 Evan, 1994, Integrated control of cell proliferation and cell death by the c-Myc oncogene, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Bio. Sci., 345, 269, 10.1098/rstb.1994.0105 Eisenman, 2001, Deconstructing Myc, Genes Dev., 15, 2023, 10.1101/gad928101 Felsher, 1999, Transient excess of MYC activity can elicit genomic instability and tumorigenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 96, 3940, 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3940 Marinkovic, 2004, Reversible lymphomagenesis in conditionally c-MYC expressing mice, Int. J. Cancer, 110, 336, 10.1002/ijc.20099 Pelengaris, 1999, Reversible activation of c-Myc in skin: induction of a complex neoplastic phenotype by a single oncogenic lesion, Mol. Cell, 3, 565, 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80350-0 Chin, 1999, Essential role for oncogenic Ras in tumour maintenance, Nature, 400, 468, 10.1038/22788 Fisher, 2001, Induction and apoptotic regression of lung adenocarcinomas by regulation of a K-Ras transgene in the presence and absence of tumor suppressor genes, Genes Dev., 15, 3249, 10.1101/gad.947701 Huettner, 2000, Reversibility of acute B-cell leukaemia induced by BCR–ABL1, Nat. Genet., 24, 57, 10.1038/71691 Xie, 1999, Conditional expression of the ErbB2 oncogene elicits reversible hyperplasia in stratified epithelia and up-regulation of TGFalpha expression in transgenic mice, Oncogene, 18, 3593, 10.1038/sj.onc.1202673 Moody, 2002, Conditional activation of Neu in the mammary epithelium of transgenic mice results in reversible pulmonary metastasis, Cancer Cell, 2, 451, 10.1016/S1535-6108(02)00212-X Wang, 2001, Activation of the met receptor by cell attachment induces and sustains hepatocellular carcinomas in transgenic mice, J. Cell Biol., 153, 1023, 10.1083/jcb.153.5.1023 Ewald, 1996, Time-sensitive reversal of hyperplasia in transgenic mice expressing SV40 T antigen, Science, 273, 1384, 10.1126/science.273.5280.1384 Gunther, 2003, Impact of p53 loss on reversal and recurrence of conditional Wnt-induced tumorigenesis, Genes Dev., 17, 488, 10.1101/gad.1051603 Felsher, 2004, Reversibility of oncogene-induced cancer, Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 14, 37, 10.1016/j.gde.2003.12.008 Rakhra, 2010, CD4+ T cells contribute to the remodeling of the microenvironment required for sustained tumor regression upon oncogene inactivation, Cancer Cell, 18, 485, 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.10.002 Soucek, 2007, Mast cells are required for angiogenesis and macroscopic expansion of Myc-induced pancreatic islet tumors, Nat. Med., 13, 1211, 10.1038/nm1649 Majeti, 2009, CD47 is an adverse prognostic factor and therapeutic antibody target on human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells, Cell, 138, 286, 10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.045 Casey, 2016, MYC regulates the antitumor immune response through CD47 and PD-L1, Science, 352, 227, 10.1126/science.aac9935 Mittal, 2014, New insights into cancer immunoediting and its three component phases – elimination, equilibrium and escape, Curr. Opin. Immunol., 27, 16, 10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.004 Pardoll, 2015, Cancer and the immune system: basic concepts and targets for intervention, Semin. Oncol., 42, 523, 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.05.003 Yaguchi, 2016, Cancer-induced heterogeneous immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and their personalized modulation, Int. Immunol., 28, 393, 10.1093/intimm/dxw030 Dong, 1999, B7-H1, a third member of the B7 family, co-stimulates T-cell proliferation and interleukin-10 secretion, Nat. Med., 5, 1365, 10.1038/70932 Freeman, 2000, Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation, J. Exp. Med., 192, 1027, 10.1084/jem.192.7.1027 Li, 2012, Contribution of PD-L1 to oncogenesis of lymphoma and its RNAi-based targeting therapy, Leuk. Lymphoma, 53, 2015, 10.3109/10428194.2012.673228 Parsa, 2007, Loss of tumor suppressor PTEN function increases B7-H1 expression and immunoresistance in glioma, Nat. Med., 13, 84, 10.1038/nm1517 Akbay, 2013, Activation of the PD-1 pathway contributes to immune escape in EGFR-driven lung tumors, Cancer Discov., 3, 1355, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-0310 Atefi, 2014, Effects of MAPK and PI3K pathways on PD-L1 expression in melanoma, Clin. Cancer Res., 20, 3446, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2797 Zhang, 2013, The potent oncogene NPM-ALK mediates malignant transformation of normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes, Am. J. Pathol., 183, 1971, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.030 Spranger, 2015, Melanoma-intrinsic beta-catenin signalling prevents anti-tumour immunity, Nature, 523, 231, 10.1038/nature14404 Dorand, 2016, Cdk5 disruption attenuates tumor PD-L1 expression and promotes antitumor immunity, Science, 353, 399, 10.1126/science.aae0477 Lastwika, 2016, Control of PD-L1 expression by oncogenic activation of the AKT–mTOR pathway in non-small cell lung cancer, Cancer Res., 76, 227, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-3362 Dong, 2014, PTEN functions as a melanoma tumor suppressor by promoting host immune response, Oncogene, 33, 4632, 10.1038/onc.2013.409 Cha, 2016, Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand-1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and its relationship with p53 status, Lung Cancer, 97, 73, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.05.001 Kan, 2015, The expression of PD-L1 APE1 and P53 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship to clinical pathology, Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 19, 3063 Skoulidis, 2015, Co-occurring genomic alterations define major subsets of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma with distinct biology, immune profiles, and therapeutic vulnerabilities, Cancer Discov., 5, 860, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-14-1236 Restifo, 2010, Can antitumor immunity help to explain ‘oncogene addiction’?, Cancer Cell, 18, 403, 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.002 Felsher, 2010, MYC inactivation elicits oncogene addiction through both tumor cell-intrinsic and host-dependent mechanisms, Genes Cancer, 1, 597, 10.1177/1947601910377798 Delmore, 2011, BET bromodomain inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to target c-Myc, Cell, 146, 904, 10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.017 Mertz, 2011, Targeting MYC dependence in cancer by inhibiting BET bromodomains, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 108, 16669, 10.1073/pnas.1108190108 Yao, 2015, The BET bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1, facilitates c-FLIP degradation and enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis independent of BRD4 and c-Myc inhibition, Oncotarget, 6, 34669, 10.18632/oncotarget.5785 Filippakopoulos, 2010, Selective inhibition of BET bromodomains, Nature, 468, 1067, 10.1038/nature09504 Zhu, 2016, BET bromodomain inhibition promotes anti-tumor immunity by suppressing PD-L1 expression, Cell Rep., 16, 2829, 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.032 Wilmott, 2012, Selective BRAF inhibitors induce marked T-cell infiltration into human metastatic melanoma, Clin. Cancer Res., 18, 1386, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2479 Sweis, 2016, Molecular drivers of the non-T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment in urothelial bladder cancer, Cancer Immunol. Res., 4, 563, 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-15-0274 Taylor, 2007, Augmented HER-2 specific immunity during treatment with trastuzumab and chemotherapy, Clin. Cancer Res., 13, 5133, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0507 Steinberg, 2014, BRAF inhibition alleviates immune suppression in murine autochthonous melanoma, Cancer Immunol. Res., 2, 1044, 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-14-0074 Khalili, 2012, Oncogenic BRAF(V600E) promotes stromal cell-mediated immunosuppression via induction of interleukin-1 in melanoma, Clin. Cancer Res., 18, 5329, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1632 Otsuka, 2015, Hedgehog pathway inhibitors promote adaptive immune responses in basal cell carcinoma, Clin. Cancer Res., 21, 1289, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2110 Holtzhausen, 2015, Melanoma-derived Wnt5a promotes local dendritic-cell expression of IDO and immunotolerance: opportunities for pharmacologic enhancement of immunotherapy, Cancer Immunol. Res., 3, 1082, 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-14-0167 Kumai, 2013, EGFR inhibitors augment antitumour helper T-cell responses of HER family-specific immunotherapy, Br. J. Cancer, 109, 2155, 10.1038/bjc.2013.577 Kudo-Saito, 2009, Cancer metastasis is accelerated through immunosuppression during Snail-induced EMT of cancer cells, Cancer Cell, 15, 195, 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.01.023 Green, 2009, Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 9, 353, 10.1038/nri2545 Schlee, 2007, c-Myc activation impairs the NF-kappaB and the interferon response: implications for the pathogenesis of Burkitt’s lymphoma, Int. J. Cancer, 120, 1387, 10.1002/ijc.22372 Stark, 1998, How cells respond to interferons, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 67, 227, 10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.227 Dunn, 2002, Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape, Nat. Immunol., 3, 991, 10.1038/ni1102-991 Schreiber, 2011, Cancer immunoediting: integrating immunity's roles in cancer suppression and promotion, Science, 331, 1565, 10.1126/science.1203486 Marcus, 2014, Recognition of tumors by the innate immune system and natural killer cells, Adv. Immunol., 122, 91, 10.1016/B978-0-12-800267-4.00003-1 Champsaur, 2010, Effect of NKG2D ligand expression on host immune responses, Immunol. Rev., 235, 267, 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2010.00893.x Pfeifer-Ohlsson, 1984, Spatial and temporal pattern of cellular myc oncogene expression in developing human placenta: Implications for embryonic cell proliferation, Cell, 38, 585, 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90513-0 Rydnert, 1987, Temporal and spatial pattern of cellular myc oncogene expression during human placental development, Placenta, 8, 339, 10.1016/0143-4004(87)90061-0 Petroff, 2003, B7 family molecules are favorably positioned at the human maternal–fetal interface, Biol. Reprod., 68, 1496, 10.1095/biolreprod.102.010058 Scognamiglio, 2016, Myc depletion induces a pluripotent dormant state mimicking diapause, Cell, 164, 668, 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.033 Casey, 2014, An essential role for the immune system in the mechanism of tumor regression following targeted oncogene inactivation, Immunol. Res., 58, 282, 10.1007/s12026-014-8503-6 Casey, 2014, Oncogene withdrawal engages the immune system to induce sustained cancer regression, J. Immunother. Cancer, 2, 24, 10.1186/2051-1426-2-24