MYC ASO Impedes Tumorigenesis and Elicits Oncogene Addiction in Autochthonous Transgenic Mouse Models of HCC and RCC

Schaub, 2018, Pan-cancer alterations of the MYC oncogene and its proximal network across The Cancer Genome Atlas, Cell Syst., 6, 282, 10.1016/j.cels.2018.03.003 Turner, 2017, Extrachromosomal oncogene amplification drives tumour evolution and genetic heterogeneity, Nature, 543, 122, 10.1038/nature21356 Verhaak, 2019, Extrachromosomal oncogene amplification in tumour pathogenesis and evolution, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 19, 283, 10.1038/s41568-019-0128-6 Dang, 2017, Drugging the “undruggable” cancer targets, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 17, 502, 10.1038/nrc.2017.36 Dang, 2012, MYC on the path to cancer, Cell, 149, 22, 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.003 Gabay, 2014, MYC activation is a hallmark of cancer initiation and maintenance, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med., 4, a014241, 10.1101/cshperspect.a014241 Felsher, 1999, Reversible tumorigenesis by MYC in hematopoietic lineages, Mol. Cell, 4, 199, 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80367-6 Shachaf, 2004, MYC inactivation uncovers pluripotent differentiation and tumour dormancy in hepatocellular cancer, Nature, 431, 1112, 10.1038/nature03043 Shroff, 2015, MYC oncogene overexpression drives renal cell carcinoma in a mouse model through glutamine metabolism, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 6539, 10.1073/pnas.1507228112 Jain, 2002, Sustained loss of a neoplastic phenotype by brief inactivation of MYC, Science, 297, 102, 10.1126/science.1071489 Balaji, 1997, Antiproliferative effects of c-myc antisense oligonucleotide in prostate cancer cells: a novel therapy in prostate cancer, Urology, 50, 1007, 10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00390-7 Skorski, 1997, Antileukemia effect of c-myc N3′→P5′ phosphoramidate antisense oligonucleotides in vivo, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 3966, 10.1073/pnas.94.8.3966 Iversen, 2003, Efficacy of antisense morpholino oligomer targeted to c-myc in prostate cancer xenograft murine model and a phase I safety study in humans, Clin. Cancer Res., 9, 2510 Sekhon, 2008, c-MYC antisense phosphosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer inhibits lung metastasis in a murine tumor model, Lung Cancer, 60, 347, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.10.028 Shen, 2018, Chemistry, mechanism and clinical status of antisense oligonucleotides and duplex RNAs, Nucleic Acids Res., 46, 1584, 10.1093/nar/gkx1239 Sharma, 2015, Oligonucleotide therapeutics: chemistry, delivery and clinical progress, Future Med. Chem., 7, 2221, 10.4155/fmc.15.144 Gryaznov, 2010, Oligonucleotide N3′→P5′ phosphoramidates and thio-phoshoramidates as potential therapeutic agents, Chem. Biodivers., 7, 477, 10.1002/cbdv.200900187 Wu, 2007, Cellular senescence is an important mechanism of tumor regression upon c-Myc inactivation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 13028, 10.1073/pnas.0701953104 Rakhra, 2010, CD4+ T cells contribute to the remodeling of the microenvironment required for sustained tumor regression upon oncogene inactivation, Cancer Cell, 18, 485, 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.10.002 Griffin, 2019, Biomarkers of drug-induced kidney toxicity, Ther. Drug Monit., 41, 213, 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000589 Hofmann, 2015, Reduced expression of MYC increases longevity and enhances healthspan, Cell, 160, 477, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.016 Soucek, 2008, Modelling Myc inhibition as a cancer therapy, Nature, 455, 679, 10.1038/nature07260