Mössbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Gusev crater, Mars: Spirit's journey through weakly altered olivine basalt on the plains and pervasively altered basalt in the Columbia Hills

American Geophysical Union (AGU) - Tập 111 Số E2 - 2006
R. V. Morris1, G. Klingelhöfer2, Christian Schröder2, A. Spielfiedel2,3, A. S. Yen4, D. W. Ming1, Paulo de Souza5,2, I. Fleischer2, Thomas J. Wdowiak6, R. Gellert7, B. Bernhardt2, E. N. Evlanov3, B. V. Zubkov3, J. Foh8,2, U. Bonnes8, E. Kankeleit8, Philipp Gütlich2, Franz Renz2, S. W. Squyres9, R. E. Arvidson10
1NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas USA
2Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz, Germany
3Space Research Institute (IKI), Moscow, Russia
4Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California USA
5CVRD Group, Vitoria, Brazil
6Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
7Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
8Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
9Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
10Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, Missouri, USA

Tóm tắt

The Mössbauer spectrometer on Spirit measured the oxidation state of Fe, identified Fe‐bearing phases, and measured relative abundances of Fe among those phases for surface materials on the plains and in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater. Eight Fe‐bearing phases were identified: olivine, pyroxene, ilmenite, magnetite, nanophase ferric oxide (npOx), hematite, goethite, and a Fe3+‐sulfate. Adirondack basaltic rocks on the plains are nearly unaltered (Fe3+/FeT < 0.2) with Fe from olivine, pyroxene (Ol > Px), and minor npOx and magnetite. Columbia Hills basaltic rocks are nearly unaltered (Peace and Backstay), moderately altered (WoolyPatch, Wishstone, and Keystone), and pervasively altered (e.g., Clovis, Uchben, Watchtower, Keel, and Paros with Fe3+/FeT ∼ 0.6–0.9). Fe from pyroxene is greater than Fe from olivine (Ol sometimes absent), and Fe2+ from Ol + Px is 40–49% and 9–24% for moderately and pervasively altered materials, respectively. Ilmenite (Fe from Ilm ∼3–6%) is present in Backstay, Wishstone, Keystone, and related rocks along with magnetite (Fe from Mt ∼10–15%). Remaining Fe is present as npOx, hematite, and goethite in variable proportions. Clovis has the highest goethite content (Fe from Gt = 40%). Goethite (α‐FeOOH) is mineralogical evidence for aqueous processes because it has structural hydroxide and is formed under aqueous conditions. Relatively unaltered basaltic soils (Fe3+/FeT ∼ 0.3) occur throughout Gusev crater (∼60–80% Fe from Ol + Px, ∼10–30% from npOx, and ∼10% from Mt). PasoRobles soil in the Columbia Hills has a unique occurrence of high concentrations of Fe3+‐sulfate (∼65% of Fe). Magnetite is identified as a strongly magnetic phase in Martian soil and dust.

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American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Tập 111 Số E2

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