Mécanismes immunologiques des traitements de fond de la sclérose en plaques

Michel, 2015, Update on treatments in multiple sclerosis, Presse Med, 44, e137, 10.1016/j.lpm.2015.02.008 Bruck, 2013, Therapeutic decisions in multiple sclerosis moving beyond efficacy, JAMA Neurol, 70, 1315 Giacomini, 2009, Emerging multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies, Curr Opin Neurol, 22, 226, 10.1097/WCO.0b013e32832b4ca1 Louveau, 2015, Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels, Nature, 523, 337, 10.1038/nature14432 Aspelund, 2015, A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules, J Exp Med, 212, 991, 10.1084/jem.20142290 Polman, 2006, A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 354, 899, 10.1056/NEJMoa044397 Rudick, 2006, Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 354, 911, 10.1056/NEJMoa044396 Daneman, 2015, The blood-brain barrier, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 7, a020412, 10.1101/cshperspect.a020412 Yednock, 1992, Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against alpha 4 beta 1 integrin, Nature, 356, 63, 10.1038/356063a0 Krumbholz, 2008, Natalizumab disproportionately increases circulating pre-B and B cells in multiple sclerosis, Neurology, 71, 1350, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000327671.91357.96 Stuve, 2006, Immune surveillance in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab, Ann Neurol, 59, 743, 10.1002/ana.20858 Vermersch, 2011, Clinical outcomes of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Neurology, 76, 1697, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821a446b Plavina, 2014, Anti-JC virus antibody levels in serum or plasma further define risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Ann Neurol, 76, 802, 10.1002/ana.24286 Bloomgren, 2012, Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, N Engl J Med, 366, 1870, 10.1056/NEJMoa1107829 Schwab, 2013, L-selectin is a possible biomarker for individual PML risk in natalizumab-treated MS patients, Neurology, 81, 865, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a351fb Kappos, 2010, A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 362, 387, 10.1056/NEJMoa0909494 Cohen, 2010, Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 362, 402, 10.1056/NEJMoa0907839 Chun, 2010, Mechanism of action of oral fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis, Clin Neuropharmacol, 33, 91, 10.1097/WNF.0b013e3181cbf825 Cohen, 2011, Mechanisms of fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis, Ann Neurol, 69, 759, 10.1002/ana.22426 Foster, 2007, Brain penetration of the oral immunomodulatory drug FTY720 and its phosphorylation in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis : consequences for mode of action in multiple sclerosis, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 323, 469, 10.1124/jpet.107.127183 Ratchford, 2012, Varicella-zoster virus encephalitis and vasculopathy in a patient treated with fingolimod, Neurology, 79, 2002, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182735d00 Kappos, 2011, Ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial, Lancet, 378, 1779, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61649-8 Hauser, 2008, B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 358, 676, 10.1056/NEJMoa0706383 Montalban, 2015 Bar-Or, 2010, Abnormal B-cell cytokine responses a trigger of T-cell-mediated disease in MS?, Ann Neurol, 67, 452, 10.1002/ana.21939 Weber, 2010, B-cell activation influences T-cell polarization and outcome of anti-CD20 B-cell depletion in central nervous system autoimmunity, Ann Neurol, 68, 369, 10.1002/ana.22081 Zaheer, 2012, Treatment-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: current understanding and future steps, Ther Adv Drug Saf, 3, 227, 10.1177/2042098612453849 Cohen, 2012, Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial, Lancet, 380, 1819, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61769-3 Coles, 2012, Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial, Lancet, 380, 1829, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61768-1 Coles, 1999, Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis, Lancet, 354, 1691, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)02429-0 Coles, 2012, Alemtuzumab more effective than interferon beta-1a at 5-year follow-up of CAMMS223 clinical trial, Neurology, 78, 1069, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824e8ee7 Fox, 2012, Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 367, 1087, 10.1056/NEJMoa1206328 Gold, 2012, Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 367, 1098, 10.1056/NEJMoa1114287 Linker, 2011, Fumaric acid esters exert neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, Brain, 134, 678, 10.1093/brain/awq386 Ghoreschi, 2011, Fumarates improve psoriasis and multiple sclerosis by inducing type II dendritic cells, J Exp Med, 208, 2291, 10.1084/jem.20100977 Loewe, 2002, Dimethylfumarate inhibits TNF-induced nuclear entry of NF-kappa B/p65 in human endothelial cells, J Immunol, 168, 4781, 10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4781 Lehmann, 2007, Dimethylfumarate induces immunosuppression via glutathione depletion and subsequent induction of heme oxygenase 1, J Invest Dermatol, 127, 835, 10.1038/sj.jid.5700686 Phillips, 2015, Clinical significance of gastrointestinal and flushing events in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate, Int J MS Care, 17, 236, 10.7224/1537-2073.2014-069 Rosenkranz, 2015, PML in a patient with lymphocytopenia treated with dimethyl fumarate, N Engl J Med, 372, 1476, 10.1056/NEJMc1415408 Nieuwkamp, 2015, PML in a patient without severe lymphocytopenia receiving dimethyl fumarate, N Engl J Med, 372, 1474, 10.1056/NEJMc1413724 Faulkner, 2015, Risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis, Expert Opin Drug Saf, 14, 1737, 10.1517/14740338.2015.1093620 Bielekova, 2004, Humanized anti-CD25 (daclizumab) inhibits disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients failing to respond to interferon beta, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 8705, 10.1073/pnas.0402653101 Rose, 2007, Daclizumab phase II trial in relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: MRI and clinical results, Neurology, 69, 785, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000267662.41734.1f Wynn, 2010, Daclizumab in active relapsing multiple sclerosis (CHOICE study): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on trial with interferon beta, Lancet Neurol, 9, 381, 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70033-8 Kappos, 2015, Daclizumab HYP versus interferon beta-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 373, 1418, 10.1056/NEJMoa1501481 Bielekova, 2006, Regulatory CD56(bright) natural killer cells mediate immunomodulatory effects of IL-2Ralpha-targeted therapy (daclizumab) in multiple sclerosis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 5941, 10.1073/pnas.0601335103 Pfender, 2014, Daclizumab (anti-CD25) in multiple sclerosis, Exp Neurol, 262, 44, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.015 Sun, 2015, Efficacy and safety of basiliximab versus daclizumab in kidney transplantation: a meta-analysis, Transplant Proc, 47, 2439, 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.08.009 Edan, 1997, Therapeutic effect of mitoxantrone combined with methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: a randomised multicentre study of active disease using MRI and clinical criteria, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 62, 112, 10.1136/jnnp.62.2.112 Fleischer, 2014, Cardiotoxicity of mitoxantrone treatment in a German cohort of 639 multiple sclerosis patients, J Clin Neurol, 10, 289, 10.3988/jcn.2014.10.4.289 Kingwell, 2010, Cardiotoxicity and other adverse events associated with mitoxantrone treatment for MS, Neurology, 74, 1822, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e0f7e6 Le Page, 2011, Long-term safety profile of mitoxantrone in a French cohort of 802 multiple sclerosis patients: a 5-year prospective study, Mult Scler, 17, 867, 10.1177/1352458511398371 Rivera, 2013, Results from the 5-year, phase IV RENEW (registry to evaluate novantrone effects in worsening multiple sclerosis) study, BMC Neurol, 13, 80, 10.1186/1471-2377-13-80 Marriott, 2010, The efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone (novantrone) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, Neurology, 74, 1463, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181dc1ae0 Ellis, 2015, Therapy-related acute leukaemia with mitoxantrone: four years on, what is the risk and can it be limited?, Mult Scler, 21, 642, 10.1177/1352458514541508 O’Connor, 2011, Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 365, 1293, 10.1056/NEJMoa1014656 Fox, 1999, Mechanism of action for leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis, Clin Immunol, 93, 198, 10.1006/clim.1999.4777 Bar-Or, 2014, Teriflunomide (Aubagio(R)) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, Exp Neurol, 262, 57, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.06.005