Luminol reagent control materials in bloodstain pattern analysis: A silicon sol-gel polymer alternative

American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors, ASCLD/LAB- International supplemental requirements for the accreditation of forensic science testing laboratories, Garner (NC), 2011. S. Polacco, Research and development of synthetic materials for presumptive testing in bloodstain pattern analysis: a luminol-reactive forensic blood substitute [thesis], Peterborough, ON, 2018. Creamer, 2003, A comprehensive experimental study of industrial, domestic and environmental interferences with the forensic luminol test for blood, Luminescence, 18, 193, 10.1002/bio.723 Quickenden, 2001, A study of common interferences with the forensic luminol test for blood, Luminescence, 16, 295, 10.1002/bio.657 Barni, 2007, Forensic application of the luminol reaction as a presumptive test for latent blood detection, Talanta, 72, 896, 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.12.045 Seashols, 2013, A comparison of chemical enhancements for the detection of latent blood, J. Forens. Sci., 58, 130, 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02259.x OSAC for Forensic Science – Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Subcommittee, OSAC research needs assessment form: behaviour of blood outside the body, Gaithersburg (MD), 2015. doi:10.12688/f1000research.2. Millington, 2002 Smith, 2018, Wetting and spreading of human blood: recent advances and applications, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 36, 78, 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.01.013 Finnis, 2013, Comparison of methods for visualizing blood on dark surfaces, Sci. Justice, 53, 178, 10.1016/j.scijus.2012.09.001 Quickenden, 2001, Increasing the specificity of the forensic luminol test for blood, Luminescence, 16, 251, 10.1002/bio.635 Smith, 2002, Sol-gel encapsulated horseradish peroxidase: a catalytic material for peroxidation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 4247, 10.1021/ja012215u Wei, 2002, Simultaneous immobilization of horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase in mesoporous sol-gel host materials, ChemPhysChem, 19104, 802, 10.1002/1439-7641(20020916)3:9<802::AID-CPHC802>3.0.CO;2-H Stotesbury, 2017, The application of silicon sol-gel technology to forensic blood substitute development: mimicking aspects of whole human blood rheology, Forensic Sci. Int., 270, 12, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.11.012 Aich, 2015, The free heme concentration in healthy human erythrocytes, Blood Cells Mol. Dis., 55, 402, 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.09.003 Polacco, 2018, Quantifying chemiluminescence of the forensic luminol test for ovine blood in a dilution and time series, Forensic Sci. Int., 290, 36, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.06.026 Christman, 1997, A study to compare animal blood to human blood product, Int. Assoc. Bloodstain Pattern Anal. Assoc. Crime Scene Reconstr. Jt. Train. Conf., 16 Pettolina, 2017, Using bluestar forensic to detect latent bloodstains under coats of paint, J. Forensic Ident., 67, 341 Stoica, 2016, Improving luminol blood detection in forensics, J. Forensic Sci., 61, 1331, 10.1111/1556-4029.13141 Press, 1988, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for two-dimensional data, Comput. Phys., 2, 74, 10.1063/1.4822753 Nilsson, 2006 Yang, 2015, Study on enhancement principle and stabilization for the luminol-H2O2-HRP chemiluminescence system, PLoS One, 10, 1 Crosley, 2017, Silica sol-gel optical biosensors: ultrahigh enzyme loading capacity on thin films via kinetic doping, J. Phys. Chem. B, 121, 2121, 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10949 Dave, 1994, Sol-Gel encapsulation methods for biosensors, Anal. Chem., 66, 1120A, 10.1021/ac00094a001 Machado, 2005, Thermal stability and activity regain of horseradish peroxidase in aqueous mixtures of imidazolium-based ionic liquids, Biotechnol. Lett., 27, 1233, 10.1007/s10529-005-0023-y Owens, 2016, Sol-gel based materials for biomedical applications, Prog. Mater. Sci., 77, 1, 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.12.001 Stotesbury, 2017, The application of silicon sol-gel technology to forensic blood substitute development: investigation of the spreading dynamics onto a paper surface, Forensic Sci. Int., 275, 308, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.03.020 Ferrer, 2003, Denaturation and leaching study of horseradish peroxidase encapsulated in sol-gel matrices, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 26, 1169, 10.1023/A:1020791631350