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Biến động mức nước biển tần số thấp và tác động của sự suy giảm băng biển gần đây đối với xu hướng mức nước biển ở Bắc Băng Dương từ một mô phỏng độ phân giải cao
Tóm tắt
Đại dương Arctic đang trải qua những thay đổi đáng kể, với sự suy giảm băng biển nhanh chóng, sự tích tụ nước ngọt chưa từng có và sự gia tăng mức nước biển khu vực rõ rệt. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi phân tích sự biến động mức nước biển ở Bắc Băng Dương dựa trên một mô phỏng toàn cầu với độ phân giải 4.5 km trong Đại dương Arctic, sử dụng Mô Hình Băng Biển-Ocean Phân Tử Độ Phân Giải Đa Lớp (FESOM). Mô phỏng này tái tạo hợp lý cả các đặc trưng không gian chính của chiều cao bề mặt biển (SSH) và sự tiến triển theo thời gian của nó trong Bắc Băng Dương, so với dữ liệu từ hệ thống đo thủy triều và vệ tinh. Sử dụng kết quả mô hình, chúng tôi đã điều tra sự biến động tần số thấp của SSH ở Bắc Băng Dương. Cả hai chế độ chính của sự tiến triển SSH trung bình hàng năm ở Bắc Băng Dương đều cho thấy sự biến đổi theo thập kỷ và chủ yếu có thể quy cho sự biến động của chiều cao halosteric, do đó là nội dung nước ngọt. Chế độ đầu tiên có thể được giải thích bởi Dao động Bắc Băng Dương (AO). Sự tuần hoàn khí quyển liên quan đến AO thúc đẩy sự tích tụ và giải phóng nước ngọt trong bồn trũng sâu Arctic và sự thay đổi khối lượng đại dương tiếp theo trên thềm lục địa, dẫn đến sự thay đổi ngược pha của SSH giữa các biển thềm và bồn trũng sâu. Chế độ thứ hai cho thấy sự dao động ngược pha giữa hai bồn trũng sâu Arctic, bồn trũng Amerasian và bồn trũng Eurasian, điều này được thúc đẩy bởi dị thường lưỡng cực Arctic (DA). Dị thường gió liên quan đến DA gây ra sự phân bố lại không gian của nước ngọt giữa hai bồn trũng, dẫn đến sự thay đổi SSH ngược pha. Bằng cách sử dụng một mô phỏng độ nhạy chuyên dụng trong đó sự suy giảm băng biển gần đây bị loại bỏ, chúng tôi thấy rằng sự suy giảm băng biển đã đóng góp đáng kể vào sự gia tăng mức nước biển quan sát được ở Bồn trũng Amerasian trong những thập kỷ gần đây. Mặc dù sự suy giảm băng biển không thay đổi SSH trung bình trên toàn Bắc Băng Dương, nhưng nó đã thay đổi đáng kể mô hình không gian của xu hướng SSH. Kết quả phát hiện của chúng tôi cho thấy cả chế độ gió và sự suy giảm băng biển đang diễn ra cần được xem xét để hiểu và dự đoán tốt hơn những thay đổi trong mức nước biển khu vực ở Bắc Băng Dương.
Từ khóa
#Bắc Băng Dương #mức nước biển #suy giảm băng biển #dao động Bắc Băng Dương #mô phỏng độ phân giải caoTài liệu tham khảo
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