Low-dose radiation-induced cell death in doxorubicin-sensitive leukemic K562 and resistant leukemic K562/Dox cancer cells associated with ferroptosis induction

Bray F et al (2018) Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68:394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492 Gewirtz D (1999) A critical evaluation of the mechanisms of action proposed for the antitumor effects of the anthracycline antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin. Biochem Pharmacol 57:727–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00307-4 Minotti G, Menna P, Salvatorelli E, Cairo G, Gianni L (2004) Anthracyclines: molecular advances and pharmacologic developments in antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity. Pharmacol Rev 56:185–229. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.56.2.6 Meredith AM, Dass CR (2016) Increasing role of the cancer chemotherapeutic doxorubicin in cellular metabolism. J Pharm Pharmacol 68:729–741. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12539 Michieli M et al (1994) Restoring uptake and retention of daunorubicin and idarubicin in P170-related multidrug resistance cells by low concentration D-verapamil, cyclosporin-A and SDZ PSC 833. Haematologica 79:500–507 Xia Q et al (2012) Reversion of p-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in human leukemic cell line by diallyl trisulfide. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:719805. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/719805 Barrand MA, Bagrij T, Neo SY (1997) Multidrug resistance-associated protein: a protein distinct from P-glycoprotein involved in cytotoxic drug expulsion. Gen Pharmacol 28:639–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-3623(96)00284-4 Choi CH (2005) ABC transporters as multidrug resistance mechanisms and the development of chemosensitizers for their reversal. Cancer Cell Int 5:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2867-5-30 Yang K, Wu J, Li X (2008) Recent advances in the research of P-glycoprotein inhibitors. Biosci Trends 2:137–146 Li J et al (2012) A review on various targeted anticancer therapies. Target Oncol 7:69–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11523-012-0212-2 Delaney G, Jacob S, Featherstone C, Barton M (2005) The role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment: estimating optimal utilization from a review of evidence-based clinical guidelines. Cancer 104:1129–1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21324 Morgan MA, Lawrence TS (2015) Molecular pathways: overcoming radiation resistance by targeting DNA damage response pathways. Clin Cancer Res 21:2898–2904. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-13-3229 Kim BM et al (2015) Therapeutic implications for overcoming radiation resistance in cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci 16:26880–26913. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161125991 Willers H, Azzoli CG, Santivasi WL, Xia F (2013) Basic mechanisms of therapeutic resistance to radiation and chemotherapy in lung cancer. Cancer J 19:200–207. https://doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0b013e318292e4e3 Goldstein M, Kastan MB (2015) The DNA damage response: implications for tumor responses to radiation and chemotherapy. Annu Rev Med 66:129–143. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-081313-121208 Chaurasia M, Bhatt AN, Das A, Dwarakanath BS, Sharma K (2016) Radiation-induced autophagy: mechanisms and consequences. Free Radic Res 50:273–290. https://doi.org/10.3109/10715762.2015.1129534 Dixon SJ et al (2012) Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death. Cell 149:1060–1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.042 Stockwell BR et al (2017) Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease. Cell 171:273–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.021 Gao M, Jiang X (2018) To eat or not to eat-the metabolic flavor of ferroptosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 51:58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2017.11.001 Yang WS, Stockwell BR (2016) Ferroptosis: death by lipid peroxidation. Trends Cell Biol 26:165–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.014 Yang WS et al (2014) Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4. Cell 156:317–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.010 Zhang Y et al (2019) Imidazole ketone erastin induces ferroptosis and slows tumor growth in a mouse lymphoma model. Cell Chem Biol 26:623-633.e629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.01.008 Nwokocha CR et al (2012) Proteins and liver function changes in rats following cumulative total body irradiations. West Indian Med J 61:773–777 Walch J, Tettenborn B, Weber J, Hundsberger T (2013) Radiation-induced cavernoma after total body irradiation and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in an adult patient suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia. Case Rep Neurol 5:91–97. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351069 Nomura T, Sakai K, Ogata H, Magae J (2013) Prolongation of life span in the accelerated aging klotho mouse model, by low-dose-rate continuous γ irradiation. Radiat Res 179:717–724. https://doi.org/10.1667/rr2977.1 Supawat B et al (2021) Different responses of normal cells (red blood cells) and cancer cells (K562 and K562/Dox cells) to low-dose ¹³⁷Cs gamma-rays. Mol Clin Oncol 14:74. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2021.2236 Azzam EI, Jay-Gerin JP, Pain D (2012) Ionizing radiation-induced metabolic oxidative stress and prolonged cell injury. Cancer Lett 327:48–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.012 Shadyro OI, Yurkova IL, Kisel MA (2002) Radiation-induced peroxidation and fragmentation of lipids in a model membrane. Int J Radiat Biol 78:211–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553000110104065 Lei G et al (2020) The role of ferroptosis in ionizing radiation-induced cell death and tumor suppression. Cell Res 30:146–162. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-019-0263-3 Yin J et al (2021) Identification of ferroptosis biomarker in AHH-1 lymphocytes associated with low dose radiation. Health Phys 120:541–551. https://doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001385 Aye KT et al (2021) Gallic acid enhances pirarubicin-induced anticancer in living K562 and K562/Dox leukemia cancer cells through cellular energetic state impairment and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Oncol Rep 46:227. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8178 Myint O et al (2021) Protein binding of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid to human serum albumin and their anti-proliferation on doxorubicin-sensitive and doxorubicin-resistant leukemia cells. Toxicol Rep 8:1381–1388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.001 Supawat B et al (2020) Effects of gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast media on red blood cells and K562 cancer cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 62:126640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126640 Supawat B, Udomtanakunchai C, Kothan S, Tungjai M (2019) the effects of iodinated radiographic contrast media on multidrug-resistant K562/Dox cells: mitochondria impairment and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Cell Biochem Biophys 77:157–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-019-00868-3