Loss of Response to Anti-TNFs: Definition, Epidemiology, and Management

Sherman, 2014, Sustained improvement in health-related quality of life measures in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving prolonged anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy., J Dig Dis, 15, 174, 10.1111/1751-2980.12125

Sprakes, 2012, Efficacy, tolerability, and predictors of response to infliximab therapy for Crohns disease: a large single centre experience., J Crohns Colitis, 6, 143, 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.07.011

Hanauer, 2002, ACCENT I Study group. Maintanance Infliximab for Crohns disease: the ACCENT I randomized trial., Lancet, 59, 1541, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08512-4

Sands, 2004, Infliximab maintenance therapy for fistulizing Crohns disease., N Engl J Med, 350, 876, 10.1056/NEJMoa030815

Ford, 2011, Efficacy of biological therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis., Am J Gastroenterol, 106, 644, 10.1038/ajg.2011.73

Ben-Hori, 2014, Optimizing anti-TNF treatments in inflammatory bowel disease., Autoimmun Rev, 13, 24, 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.06.002

Ainsworth, 2008, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha binding capacity and anti-infliximab antibodies measured by fluid-phase radioimmunoassays as predictors of clinical efficacy of infliximab in Crohns disease., Am J Gastroenterol, 103, 944, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01638.x

Allez, 2010, Report of the ECCO pathogenesis workshop on anti-TNF therapy failures in inflammatory bowel diseases: definitions, frequency and pharmacological aspects., J Crohns Colitis, 4, 355, 10.1016/j.crohns.2010.04.004

Sands, 2014, Effects of vedolizumab induction therapy for patients with Crohns disease in whom tumor necrosis factor antagonist treatment failed., Gastroenterology, 147, 618, 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.05.008

Hanauer, 2006, Human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody (adalimumab) in Crohns disease: the CLASSIC-I trial., Gastroenterology, 130, 323, 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.030

Sandborn, 2012, Adalimumab induces and maintains clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis., Gastroenterology, 142, 257, 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.10.032

Adedokun, 2014, Association between serum concentration of infliximab and efficacy in adult patients with ulcerative colitis., Gastroenterology, 147, 1296, 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.08.035

Rutgeerts, 2005, Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis., N Engl J Med, 353, 2462, 10.1056/NEJMoa050516

Fausel, 2015, Biologics in the management of ulcerative colitis - comparative safety and efficacy of TNF- antagonists., Ther Clin Risk Manag, 11, 63

Gisbert, 2009, Loss of response and requirement of infliximab dose intensification in Crohns disease: a review., Am J Gastroenterol, 104, 760

DHaens, 2011, The London Position Statement of the World Congress of Gastroenterology on Biological Therapy for IBD with the European Crohns and Colitis Organization: when to start, when to stop, which drug to choose, and how to predict response?, Am J Gastroenterol, 106, 199, 10.1038/ajg.2010.392

Ben-Horin, 2011, Loss of response to anti-TNF treatments in Crohns disease., Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 33, 987, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04612.x

Billioud, 2011, Loss of response and need for adalimumab dose intensification in Crohns disease. A systematic review., Am J Gastroenterol, 106, 674, 10.1038/ajg.2011.60

Ben-Horin, 2014, Loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factors: What is the next step?, Dig Dis, 32, 384, 10.1159/000358142

Colombel, 2007, Adalimumab for maintenance of clinical response and remission in patients with crohns disease: The CHARM trial., Gastroenterology, 132, 52, 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.041

Present, 1999, Infliximab for the treatment of fistula s in patients with Crohns disease., N Engl J Med, 340, 1398, 10.1056/NEJM199905063401804

Kopylov, 2014, Therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease., Annals of gastroenterology, 27, 304

Katz, 2012, Doubling the infliximab dose versus halving the infusion intervals in Crohns disease patients with loss of response., Inflamm Bowel Dis, 18, 2026, 10.1002/ibd.22902

Rojas, 2005, Formation, distribution, and elimination of infliximab and anti-infliximab immune complexes in cynomolugus monkeys., J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 313, 578, 10.1124/jpet.104.079277

Paul, 2014, Pharmacokinetics of adalimumab in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Inflamm Bowel Dis, 20, 1288, 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000037

Roblin, 2014, Association between pharmacokinetics of adalimumab and mucosal healing in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases., Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 12, 80, 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.07.010

Mazor, 2014, Adalimumab drug and antibody levels as predictors of clinical and laboratory response in patients with Crohns disease., Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 40, 620, 10.1111/apt.12869

West, 2008, Immunogenicity negatively influences the outcome of adalimumab treatment in Crohns disease., Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 28, 1122, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03828.x

Billioud, 2011, Adherence to adalimumab therapy in Crohns disease: a French multicenter experience., Inflamm Bowel Dis, 17, 152, 10.1002/ibd.21491

Lopez, 2013, Adherence to anti-TNF therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review., Inflamm Bowel Dis, 19, 1528, 10.1097/MIB.0b013e31828132cb

Afif, 2010, Clinical utility of measuring infliximab and human anti-chimeric antibody concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease., Am J Gastroenterol, 105, 1133, 10.1038/ajg.2010.9

Yanai, 2015, Levels of drug and antidrug antibodies are associated with outcome of interventions after loss of response to infliximab or adalimumab., Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 13, 522, 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.07.029

Roblin, 2014, Development of an algorithm incorporating pharmacokinetics of adalimumab in inflammatory bowel diseases., Am J Gastroenterol, 109, 1250, 10.1038/ajg.2014.146

Ben-Horin, 2011, The immunogenic part of infliximab is the F(ab)2, but measuring antibodies to the intact infliximab molecule is more clinically useful., Gut, 60, 41, 10.1136/gut.2009.201533

St Clair, 2002, The relationship of serum infliximab concentrations to clinical improvement in rheumatoid arthritis: results from ATTRACT, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial., Arthritis Rheum, 46, 1451, 10.1002/art.10302

Cesarini, 2014, Dose optimization is effective in ulcerative colitis patients losing response to infliximab: a collaborative multicentre retrospective study., Dig Liver Dis, 46, 135, 10.1016/j.dld.2013.10.007

Alten, 2014, Dose optimization of infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis., Int J Rheum Dis, 17, 5, 10.1111/1756-185X.12202

Casteele, 2013, Antibody Response to Infliximab and its impact on Pharmacokinetics can be transient., Am J of Gastroenterol, 108, 962, 10.1038/ajg.2013.12

Sandborn, 2007, Adalimumab for maintenance treatment of Crohns disease: results of the CLASSIC II trial., Gut, 56, 1232, 10.1136/gut.2006.106781

Baert, 2003, Influence of immunogenicity on the long-term efficacy of infliximab in Crohns disease., N Engl J Med, 348, 601, 10.1056/NEJMoa020888

Hanauer, 2004, Incidence and importance of antibody responses to infliximab after maintenance or episodic treatment in Crohns disease., Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2, 542, 10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00238-1

Ben-Horin, 2013, Addition of an immunomodulator to infliximab therapy eliminates antidrug antibodies in serum and restores clinical response of patients with inflammatory bowel disease., Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 11, 444, 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.10.020

Ong, 2013, Addition of thiopurines can recapture response in patients with Crohns disease who have lost response to anti-tumor necrosis factor monotherapy., Gastroenterol Hepatol, 28, 1595, 10.1111/jgh.12263

Yarur, 2015, Concentrations of 6-thioguanine nucleotide correlate with trough levels of infliximab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on combination therapy., Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 13, 1118, 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.12.026

Cornillie, 2014, Postinduction serum infliximab trough level and decrease of C-reactive protein level are associated with durable sustained response to infliximab: a retrospective analysis of the ACCENT I trial., Gut, 63, 1721, 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304094

Van Assche, 2008, Withdrawal of immunosuppression in Crohns disease treated with scheduled infliximab maintenance: a randomized trial., Gastroenterology, 134, 1861, 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.004

Sokol, 2010, Usefulness of co-treatment with immunomodulators in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with scheduled infliximab maintenance therapy., Gut, 59, 1363, 10.1136/gut.2010.212712

Jones, 2014, Systematic review: the use of thiopurines or anti-TNF in post-operative Crohns disease maintenanceprogress and prospects., Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 39, 1253, 10.1111/apt.12743

Colombel, 2012, Therapeutic drug monitoring of biologics for inflammatory bowel disease., Inflamm Bowel Dis, 18, 349, 10.1002/ibd.21831

Vande Casteele, 2015, Ann Gils. Preemptive dose optimization using therapeutic drug monitoring for biologic therapy of crohns disease: avoiding failure while lowering costs?, Dig Dis Sci, 60, 2571, 10.1007/s10620-015-3673-1

Farrell, 2003, Intravenous hydrocortisone premedication reduces antibodies to infliximab in Crohns disease: a randomized controlled trial., Gastroenterology, 124, 917, 10.1053/gast.2003.50145

Rutgeerts, 2004, Optimizing anti-TNF treatment in inflammatory bowel disease., Gastroenterology, 126, 1593, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.02.070

Haridas, 1998, Overexpression of the p80 TNF receptor leads to TNF-dependent apoptosis, nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and c-Jun kinase activation., J Immunol, 160, 3152, 10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3152

Tartaglia, 1993, Ligand passing: the 75-kDa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor recruits TNF for signaling by the 55-kDa TNF receptor., J Biol Chem, 268, 18542, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)46661-0

Grell, 1999, Induction of cell death by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2, CD40 and CD30: a role for TNF-R1 activation by endogenous membrane-anchored TNF., EMBO J, 18, 3034, 10.1093/emboj/18.11.3034

Grell, 1995, The transmembrane form of tumor necrosis factor is the prime activating ligand of the 80 kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor., Cell, 83, 793, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90192-2