Loss evaluation and design optimisation for direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generators for wind power

Joselin Herbert, 2005, A review of wind energy technologies, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 11, 1117, 10.1016/j.rser.2005.08.004

Bellarmin, 1990, Wind energy for the 1990s and beyond, Energy Convers Manage, 37, 1741

Manwell, 2002

Hansen, 2005, Generators and power electronics for wind turbines, 55

Darrieus GJM. Turbine having its rotating shaft transverse to the flow of the current. US Patent 1.835.018, December 1931.

Eriksson, 2008, Evaluation of different turbine concepts for wind power, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 12, 1419, 10.1016/j.rser.2006.05.017

Solum A, Deglaire P, Eriksson S, Stålberg M, Leijon M, Bernhoff H. Design of a 12kW vertical axis wind turbine equipped with a direct driven PM synchronous generator. In: Eur wind energy conf, Athens, Greece; 2006.

Deglaire P, Eriksson S, Kjellin J, Bernhoff H. Experimental results from a 12kW vertical axis wind turbine with a direct driven PM synchronous generator. In: Eur wind energy conf, Milan, Italy, May 2007.

Eriksson, 2008, Simulations and experiments on a 12kW direct driven PM synchronous generator for wind power, Renew Energy, 33, 674, 10.1016/j.renene.2007.03.027

Eriksson, 2009, FEM simulations and experiments of different loading conditions for a 12kW direct driven PM synchronous generator for wind power, Int J Energy Electr Power Syst, 10

Eriksson S. Direct driven generators for vertical axis wind turbines. Comprehensive summaries of Uppsala dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 547; 2008. ISBN: 978-91-554-7264-1.

Solum, 2007, Investigating the overload capacity of a direct-driven synchronous permanent magnet wind turbine generator designed using high-voltage cable technology, Int J Energy Res, 31, 1076, 10.1002/er.1301

Leijon, 2001, Windformer-A recent development in the electrical insulation systems of generators and transformers, IEEE Electr Insul Mag, 17, 10, 10.1109/57.925298

Dahlgren, 2000, Windformer – wind power goes large scale, ABB Rev, 3, 31

Kundur, 1994

Lampola, 1996, Losses in a directly driven, low-speed permanent-magnet wind generator, 358

Lampola P. Directly driven, low-speed permanent-magnet generators for wind power applications. Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. Electr. Eng., Helsinki University of Technology; 2000.

GrauersA. Design of direct driven permanent magnet generators for wind turbines. Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. Electr. Power Eng., Chalmers University of Technology; 1996.

Grauers, 1996, Efficiency of three wind energy generator systems, IEEE Trans Energy Convers, 11, 650, 10.1109/60.537038

Khan MA, Pillay P. Design of a PM wind generator, optimised for energy capture over a wide operating range. In: Proc IEEE int conf electr mach drives, 15–18 May, 2005. p. 1501–6.

Broddefalk, 2006, Dependence of the power losses of a non-oriented 3%Si–steel on frequency and gauge, J Magn Magn Mater, 304, e586, 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.02.183

Mi, 2005, Minimization of iron losses of permanent magnet synchronous machines, IEEE Trans Energy Convers, 20, 121, 10.1109/TEC.2004.832091

Ma, 2003, Prediction of iron loss in rotating machines with rotational loss included, IEEE Trans Magn, 39, 2036, 10.1109/TMAG.2003.812706

Anon 1. Electric steel non oriented fully processed Cogent, Cogent 2002–11 by SIR-Gruppen Sweden, Surahammars Bruk AB, Box 201, SE-735 23 Surahammar, Sweden.

Anon 2. Ace, modified version 3.1, ABB common platform for field analysis and simulations, ABB Corporate Research Centre. ABB AB, Corporate Research, 721 78 Västerås, Sweden.

Wolfbrandt, 2006, Automated design of a linear generator for wave energy converters – a simplified model, IEEE Trans Magn, 42, 1812, 10.1109/TMAG.2006.874593

Danielsson, 2005, Detailed study of the magnetic circuit in a longitudinal flux permanent-magnet synchronous linear generator, IEEE Trans Magn, 41, 2490, 10.1109/TMAG.2005.855449

Thorburn, 2006, Time stepping finite element analysis of a variable speed synchronous generator with rectifier, Appl Energy, 83, 371, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.10.016

González, 2010, Maximum-power-point tracking with reduced mechanical stress applied to wind-energy-conversion-systems, Appl Energy, 87, 2304, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.11.030