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Bền vững lâu dài của tài nguyên nước ngầm ở đồng bằng Ganga Trung tâm, Ấn Độ: Nghiên cứu từ lưu vực sông Gomti
Tóm tắt
Nước ngầm là nguồn nước chính cho việc cung cấp nước uống và tưới tiêu cho gần 500 triệu cư dân ở cả vùng nông thôn và đô thị của đồng bằng Ganga (GAP) tại Ấn Độ. Việc khai thác nước ngầm một cách bừa bãi, chủ yếu từ các phần nông của hệ thống tầng chứa nước phù sa, đang dẫn đến sự suy giảm nhanh chóng của mực nước ngầm. Dự kiến, trong những năm tới, áp lực lên nguồn nước ngầm sẽ chỉ tăng lên do quá trình đô thị hóa không ngừng gia tăng, cùng với những nhu cầu bổ sung về nước và đất, cũng như bởi những hiện tượng khí hậu bất thường và sự thay đổi trong khả năng cung cấp nước trong các mùa mà nhu cầu tưới tiêu và nhu cầu sinh thái cao. Trong nghiên cứu hiện tại, phương pháp nội suy Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) được áp dụng sử dụng mức nước ngầm trước và sau mùa mưa từ 764 giếng quan trắc và peizometer để đánh giá xu hướng suy giảm nước ngầm trong lưu vực sông Gomti (GRB) từ 2005 đến 2015. Các bản đồ vùng tiềm năng nước ngầm đã được lập ra dựa trên dữ liệu độ sâu nước và hình ảnh vệ tinh Cartosat-1, xác định khu vực có mực nước ngầm đang tăng và giảm. Sự mất mát nước ngầm nông rõ ràng đã diễn ra trong giai đoạn 2005-2015. Sự suy giảm này được cho là do việc tưới tiêu mãnh liệt từ nguồn nước ngầm cũng như sự phát triển peri-đô thị quanh thủ phủ của bang. Nghiên cứu này có thể thông báo cho các nhà quy hoạch và quản lý địa phương về tác động của tưới tiêu và đô thị hóa lên chế độ nước ngầm ở những vùng đang phát triển nhanh trong lưu vực.
Từ khóa
#nước ngầm #tưới tiêu #đô thị hóa #tầng chứa nước phù sa #lưu vực sông Gomti #phát triển bền vữngTài liệu tham khảo
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