Long-term Treatment of Pediatric Depression With Psychotherapies
Tóm tắt
Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and benefits from intervention. However, studies have focused on acute treatment. Thus, data are limited on long-term treatment (ie, both continuation and maintenance treatment). This article discusses the naturalistic course of depression following acute treatment with psychotherapy and the efficacy of long-term psychotherapy for the prevention of relapse and recurrence in depressed children and adolescents.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Klein, DN, Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR, et al.: A family study of major depressive disorder in a community sample of adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001, 58: 483–489.
Emslie GJ, Mayes TL, Ruberu, M: Continuation and maintenance therapy of early-onset major depressive disorder. Paediatr Drugs 2005, 7: 203–217.
Birmaher B, Brent D: Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998, 37: 63 S–83 S.
Parker RJ, Goodyer IM: Clinical guidelines for depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000, 9: 147–161.
• Rohde P, Silva S, Tonev S, et al.: Achievement and maintenance of sustained response during TADS continuation and maintenance therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008, 65:447–455. This was an important study to measure achievement and maintenance of sustained response during long-term treatment with CBT, FLX, and CBT and FLX combined. It was part of TADS.
Gladstone TR, Beardslee WR: The prevention of depression in children and adolescents: a review. Can J Psychiatry 2009, 54: 212–221.
Paykel ES: Continuation and maintenance therapy in depression. Br Med Bull 2001, 57:145–159.
Frank, E, Kupfer, DJ, Buysse, DJ, et al.: Randomized trial of weekly, twice-monthly, and monthly interpersonal psychotherapy as maintenance treatment for women with recurrent depression. Am J Psychiatry 2007, 164: 761–767.
Ellison, JA, Greenberg, LS, Goldman, RN, et al.: Maintenance of gains following experiential therapies for depression. J Consult Clin Psychol 2009, 77: 103–112.
Lenze, EJ, Dew, MA, Mazumdar, S, et al.: Combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy as maintenance treatment for late-life depression: effects on social adjustment. Am J Psychiatry 2002, 159: 466–468.
Rush AJ, Trivedi, MH: Treating depression to remission. Psychiatr Ann 1995, 25: 704–709.
•• Kennard, BD, Emslie, GJ, Mayes, TL, et al.: Relapse and recurrence in pediatric depression. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am 2006, 15: 1057–1079.
• American Psychiatric Association: Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder 2010. Available at http://www.psych.org/guidelines/mdd2010. These guidelines include information on the long-term treatment of depressed adults.
Keller MB, Lavori PW, Muller TI, et al.: Time to recovery, chronicity, and levels of psychopathology in major depression: a 5-year prospective follow-up of 431 subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992, 49:809–816.
Coryell W, Akiskal HS, Leon AC, et. al.: The time course of nonchronic major depressive disorder: uniformity across episodes and samples. National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression-Clinical Studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994, 51:405–410.
Vostanis, P, Feehan, C, Grattan, E, et al.: A randomized controlled out-patient trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for children and adolescents with depression: 9-month follow-up. J Affect Disord 1996, 9: 105–116.
Wood, A, Harrington, R, Moore, A: Controlled trial of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention in adolescent patients with depressive disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996, 37:737–746.
Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, et al.: Fluoxetine in child and adolescent depression: acute and maintenance treatment. Depress Anxiety 1998, 7: 32–39.
McCauley E, Myers K, Mitchell J, et al.: Depression in young people: initial presentation and clinical course. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993, 32: 714–722.
Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, et al.: Recurrence of major depressive disorder in hospitalized children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997, 36: 785–792.
Kovas M, Feinberg TL, Crouse-Novak M, et al.: Depressive disorder in childhood: a longitudinal study of the risk for a subsequent major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984, 41:643–649.
Lewinsohn PM, Clarke GN, Hops H, et al.: Cognitive-behavioral group treatment of depression in adolescents. Behavior Therapy 1990, 21:385–401.
Vostanis, P, Feehan, C, Grattan, E, et al.: Two year outcome of children treated for depression. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998, 7: 12–18.
Birmaher, B, Brent, DA, Kolko, D, et al.: Clinical outcome after short-term psychotherapy for adolescents with major depressive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000, 57:29–36.
Mufson, L, Fairbanks, J: Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents: a one-year naturalistic follow-up study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996, 35:1145–1155.
Vittengl, JR, Clark, LA, & Jarrett, RB: Continuation-phase cognitive therapy’s effects on remission and recovery from depression. J Consult Clin Psychol 2009, 77: 367–371.
Perlis, RH, Nierenberg, AA, Alpert, JE, et al.: Effects of adding cognitive therapy to fluoxetine dose increase on risk of relapse and residual depressive symptoms in continuation treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2002, 22:474–480.
Parikh SV, Segal ZV, Grigoriadis S, et al.: Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. II. Psychotherapy alone or in combination with antidepressant medication. J Affect Disord 2009, 117:S15–S25.
Vos, T, Haby, MM, Barendregt, JJ, et al.: The burden of major depression avoidable by longer-term treatment strategies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004, 61: 1097–1103.
Knoll L, Harrington R, Jayson D, et al.: Pilot study of continuation cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression in adolescent psychiatric patients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996, 35: 1156–1161.
Clarke GN, Rohde P, Lewinsohn PM, et al.: Cognitive-behavioral treatment of adolescent depression: efficacy of acute group treatment and booster sessions. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999, 38: 272–9.
Petersen T, Harley R, Papakostas GI, et al.: Continuation cognitive-behavioral therapy maintains attributional style improvement in depressed patients responding acutely to fluoxetine. Psychol Med 2004, 34: 555–56.
TADS Team: Fluoxetine, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Their Combination for Adolescents with Depression: Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2004, 292: 807–820.
TADS Team: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): Rationale, Design, and Methods. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2003, 42: 531–542.
TADS Team: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): demographic and clinical characteristics. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2005, 44: 28–40.
March JS, Silva S, Vitiello B, and The TADS Team: The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS): Methods and Message at 12 Weeks. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2006, 45:1393–1403.
• Kennard BD, Silva S, Tonev S, et al.: Remission and Recovery in the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): Acute and Long-Term Outcomes. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2009, 48:186–195. This article examined long-term outcomes regarding remission, recovery, and residual symptoms across 36 weeks in the TADS, which were more stringent outcomes than response or sustained improvement.
Goodyer IM, Dubicka B, Wilkinson P et al.: A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy in adolescents with major depression treated by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The ADAPT trial. BMJ 2007, 335: 1–8.
Miller, MD: Using interpersonal therapy (IPT) with older adults today and tomorrow: a review of the literature and new developments. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2008, 10:16–22.
Mufson L., Weissman MM, Moreau D, et al.: The Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999, 56:573–579
Paykel ES, Scott J, Teasdale JD, et al.: Prevention of relapse in residual depression by cognitive therapy: a controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999, 56:829–835.
Teasdale, JD, Segal, ZV, Williams, JMG, et al.: Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. J Consult Clin Psych 2000, 68: 615–623.
Klein, DN, Santiago, NJ, Vivian, D, et al.: Cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy as a maintenance treatment for chronic depression. J Consult Clin Psych 2004, 72:681–688.