Các yếu tố cục bộ ảnh hưởng đến việc sử dụng sinh cảnh mùa đông của cá hồi cầu vồng không bản địa trong một dòng suối boreal ở phía Bắc Nhật Bản

Chiharu Furusawa1, Yukiyo Suehiro-Kanazawa1, Yuuki Tanaka1,2, Sho Fukui1, Chitose Yamazaki1,3, Takuya K. Hosoki4,5, Itsuro Koizumi1,6
1Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
2Fisheries Research Institute, Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Aomori, Japan
3Abashiri Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Abashiri, Japan
4Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Japan
5Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
6Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Tóm tắt

Mặc dù có tiềm năng sử dụng cho kiểm soát quần thể, sinh thái mùa đông của các loài cá không bản địa vẫn chưa được hiểu rõ do khó khăn trong việc tiến hành khảo sát thực địa. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã điều tra việc sử dụng sinh cảnh mùa đông của cá hồi cầu vồng xâm hại Oncorhynchus mykiss ở quy mô đơn vị kênh (tức là, hồ, mương). Hai mươi bốn đoạn sông đã được khảo sát vào cuối tháng Mười Hai năm 2013 dọc theo sông Obicha, một nhánh của sông Otofuke, lưu vực sông Tokachi, Hokkaido, Nhật Bản. Tổng cộng 532 cá thể đã được bắt, trong đó 96% là cá hồi cầu vồng, trong khi cá hồi bản địa chỉ có một cá thể duy nhất là Dolly Varden miền Nam Salvelinus curilus. Các cá hồi cầu vồng nhỏ hơn (< 250 mm) sử dụng các đoạn sông với tốc độ nước thấp, trong khi cá hồi lớn hơn (250–520 mm) tập trung ở những đoạn sông cụ thể có hồ sâu với nhiều nơi trú ẩn và nền đá cuội. Một nghiên cứu trước đây ở quy mô nhánh trong cùng một hệ thống sông đã chỉ ra tầm quan trọng của tốc độ và nhiệt độ, nhưng không phải là độ sâu và nền đất. Do đó, việc chọn lựa sinh cảnh sẽ phụ thuộc vào quy mô cũng như kích thước. Nghiên cứu này cung cấp thông tin hữu ích về việc bắt những cá thể trưởng thành lớn vào mùa đông để kiểm soát hiệu quả các loài cá hồi không bản địa.

Từ khóa

#cá hồi cầu vồng #không bản địa #sinh cảnh #mùa đông #kiểm soát quần thể #Hokkaido #Nhật Bản

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