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Ghép gan cho ung thư đường mật phía hilum
Tóm tắt
Ung thư đường mật phía hilum đã được chấp nhận là chỉ định ghép gan từ những ngày đầu của kỷ nguyên ghép. Tuy nhiên, do kết quả lâu dài không khả quan cho chỉ định này, cùng với kết quả khả quan ở bệnh nhân mắc bệnh lành tính, ung thư đường mật phía hilum hiện nay thường không được chấp nhận là chỉ định ghép gan trong những năm gần đây. Để cải thiện kết quả, các phương pháp điều trị tích cực hơn đã được áp dụng: "ghép nhiều cơ quan ổ bụng" và "cắt lọc đường mật mở rộng", dẫn đến tỷ lệ sống sót lâu dài cao hơn. Tuy nhiên, với các kết quả cải thiện sau khi cắt lọc đường mật ngoại gan kết hợp với cắt gan một phần, các thủ tục mở rộng kết hợp với ghép gan chưa bao giờ trở thành lựa chọn thực sự trong điều trị ung thư đường mật phía hilum. Tuy nhiên, nhận thức mới về ghép gan trong điều trị ung thư này đã được nâng cao cho bệnh nhân ung thư đường mật phía hilum trong bối cảnh các bệnh gan nền như viêm đường mật xơ hóa nguyên phát, điều này ngăn cản cắt bỏ gan. Kết quả hiện tại cho thấy số liệu sống sót tăng lên, đặc biệt là ở những bệnh nhân được lựa chọn tốt với giai đoạn khối u sớm. Các cải tiến hơn nữa trong tỷ lệ sống sót lâu dài có thể đạt được với các quy trình bổ sung và tiền bổ sung mới. Bệnh nhân được điều trị bằng hóa xạ trị tiền phẫu cho thấy có kết quả lâu dài tương tự như ghép gan cho các chỉ định khác. Ngoài ra, liệu pháp quang động và việc sử dụng các tác nhân ức chế miễn dịch chống tăng sinh mới có thể là một cách tiếp cận để cải thiện thêm kết quả lâu dài. Hiện tại, ghép gan để điều trị ung thư đường mật phía hilum nên được hạn chế ở những trung tâm có kinh nghiệm trong điều trị loại ung thư này và cần được xem xét ở những bệnh nhân có chống chỉ định với cắt gan.
Từ khóa
#ung thư đường mật #ghép gan #điều trị ung thư #viêm đường mật xơ hóa nguyên phát #cắt lọc đường mậtTài liệu tham khảo
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