Lithium ion, lithium metal, and alternative rechargeable battery technologies: the odyssey for high energy density
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
IEA (2017) https://www.iea.org/ (Accessed January 12, 2017)
Nagaura T (1991) Prog Batteries Solar Cells 10:218
Nishi Y (2001) Lithium ion secondary batteries; past 10 years and the future. J Power Sources 100(1–2):101–106
Tarascon JM, Armand M (2001) Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature 414(6861):359–367
Winter M, Brodd RJ (2004) What are batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors? Chem Rev 104(10):4245–4269
Scrosati B, Garche J (2010) Lithium batteries: status, prospects and future. J Power Sources 195(9):2419–2430
Etacheri V, Marom R, Elazari R, Salitra G, Aurbach D (2011) Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review. Energy Environ Sci 4(9):3243–3262
Scrosati B, Hassoun J, Sun Y-K (2011) Lithium-ion batteries. A look into the future. Energy Environ Sci 4(9):3287–3295
Wagner R, Preschitschek N, Passerini S, Leker J, Winter M (2013) Current research trends and prospects among the various materials and designs used in lithium-based batteries. J Appl Electrochem 43(5):481–496
Crabtree G, Kócs E, Trahey L (2015) The energy-storage frontier: lithium-ion batteries and beyond. MRS Bull 40(12):1067–1078
Larcher D, Tarascon JM (2015) Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage. Nat Chem 7(1):19–29
Schipper F, Aurbach D (2016) A brief review: past, present and future of lithium ion batteries. Russ J Electrochem 52(12):1095–1121
Blomgren GE (2017) The development and future of lithium ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 164(1):A5019–A5025
Tarascon JM (2016) The Li-ion battery: 25 years of exciting and enriching experiences. Electrochem Soc Interface 25(3):79–83
Besenhard JO, Winter M (1998) Insertion reactions in advanced electrochemical energy storage. Pure Appl Chem 70(3):603–608
Andre D, Kim S-J, Lamp P, Lux SF, Maglia F, Paschos O, Stiaszny B (2015) Future generations of cathode materials: an automotive industry perspective. J Mater Chem A 3:6709–6732
Patry G, Romagny A, Martinet S, Froelich D (2014) Cost modeling of lithium-ion battery cells for automotive applications. Energy Sci Eng 3(1):71–82
Bruce PG, Freunberger SA, Hardwick LJ, Tarascon JM (2012) Li-O2 and Li-S batteries with high energy storage. Nat Mater 11(1):19–29
Capsoni D, Bini M, Ferrari S, Quartarone E, Mustarelli P (2012) Recent advances in the development of Li-air batteries. J Power Sources 220:253–263
Christensen J, Albertus P, Sanchez-Carrera RS, Lohmann T, Kozinsky B, Liedtke R, Ahmed J, Kojic A (2012) A critical review of Li/air batteries. J Electrochem Soc 159(2):R1–R30
Bresser D, Passerini S, Scrosati B (2013) Recent progress and remaining challenges in sulfur-based lithium secondary batteries—a review. Chem Commun 49(90):10545–10562
Manthiram A, Fu Y, Chung S-H, Zu C, Su Y-S (2014) Rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries. Chem Rev 114(23):11751–11787
Canepa P, Sai Gautam G, Hannah DC, Malik R, Liu M, Gallagher KG, Persson KA, Ceder G (2017) Odyssey of multivalent cathode materials: open questions and future challenges. Chem Rev 117(5):4287–4341
Besenhard JO, Winter M (2002) Advances in battery technology: rechargeable magnesium batteries and novel negative-electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. ChemPhysChem 3(2):155–159
Kim JG, Son B, Mukherjee S, Schuppert N, Bates A, Kwon O, Choi MJ, Chung HY, Park S (2015) A review of lithium and non-lithium based solid state batteries. J Power Sources 282:299–322
Nelson P, Gallagher K, Bloom I, Dees D (2011) Modeling the performance and cost of lithium-ion batteries for electric-drive vehicles. Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL US
Thackeray MM, Wolverton C, Isaacs ED (2012) Electrical energy storage for transportation-approaching the limits of, and going beyond, lithium-ion batteries. Energy Environ Sci 5(7):7854–7863
Gallagher KG, Goebel S, Greszler T, Mathias M, Oelerich W, Eroglu D, Srinivasan V (2014) Quantifying the promise of lithium-air batteries for electric vehicles. Energy Environ Sci 7(5):1555–1563
Berg EJ, Villevieille C, Streich D, Trabesinger S, Novák P (2015) Rechargeable batteries: grasping for the limits of chemistry. J Electrochem Soc 162(14):A2468–A2475
Gröger O, Gasteiger HA, Suchsland J-P (2015) Review—electromobility: batteries or fuel cells? J Electrochem Soc 162(14):A2605–A2622
Wood Iii DL, Li J, Daniel C (2015) Prospects for reducing the processing cost of lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources 275:234–242
Placke T, Winter M (2015) Batterien für medizinische Anwendungen. Z Herz- Thorax- Gefäßchir 29(2):139–149
Winter M, Besenhard JO (1999) Wiederaufladbare Batterien. Teil 1: Akkumulatoren mit wäßriger Elektrolytlösung. Chem Unserer Zeit 33(5):252–266
McCullough FP, Beale AF (1989) Electrode for use in secondary electrical energy storage devices—avoids any substantial change in dimension during repeated electrical charge and discharge cycles. US Pat 4:865,931
McCullough FP, Levine A, Snelgrove RV (1989) Secondary battery. US Pat 4:830,938
McCullough FP (1996) Flexible carbon fiber, carbon fiber electrode and secondary energy storage devices. US Pat 5:518,836
McCullough FP (1996) Flexible carbon fiber electrode with low modulus and high electrical conductivity, battery employing the carbon fiber electrode, and method of manufacture. US Pat 5:532,083
Carlin RT, Delong HC, Fuller J, Trulove PC (1994) Dual intercalating molten electrolyte batteries. J Electrochem Soc 141(7):L73–L76
Carlin RT, Fuller J, Kuhn WK, Lysaght MJ, Trulove PC (1996) Electrochemistry of room-temperature chloroaluminate molten salts at graphitic and nongraphitic electrodes. J Appl Electrochem 26(11):1147–1160
Dahn JR, Seel JA (2000) Energy and capacity projections for practical dual-graphite cells. J Electrochem Soc 147(3):899–901
Seel JA, Dahn JR (2000) Electrochemical intercalation of PF6 into graphite. J Electrochem Soc 147(3):892–898
Placke T, Bieker P, Lux SF, Fromm O, Meyer HW, Passerini S, Winter M (2012) Dual-ion cells based on anion intercalation into graphite from ionic liquid-based electrolytes. Z Phys Chem 226:391–407
Placke T, Fromm O, Lux SF, Bieker P, Rothermel S, Meyer HW, Passerini S, Winter M (2012) Reversible intercalation of bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anions from an ionic liquid electrolyte into graphite for high performance dual-ion cells. J Electrochem Soc 159(11):A1755–A1765
Rothermel S, Meister P, Schmuelling G, Fromm O, Meyer HW, Nowak S, Winter M, Placke T (2014) Dual-graphite cells based on the reversible intercalation of bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anions from an ionic liquid electrolyte. Energy Environ Sci 7(10):3412–3423
Read JA, Cresce AV, Ervin MH, Xu K (2014) Dual-graphite chemistry enabled by a high voltage electrolyte. Energy Environ Sci 7(2):617–620
Zhang X, Tang Y, Zhang F, Lee C-S (2016) A novel aluminum–graphite dual-ion battery. Adv Energy Mater 6(11):1502588–1502593
Tong X, Zhang F, Ji B, Sheng M, Tang Y (2016) Carbon-coated porous aluminum foil anode for high-rate, long-term cycling stability, and high energy density dual-ion batteries. Adv Mater 28(45):9979–9985
Miyoshi S, Nagano H, Fukuda T, Kurihara T, Watanabe M, Ida S, Ishihara T (2016) Dual-carbon battery using high concentration LiPF6 in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) electrolyte. J Electrochem Soc 163(7):A1206–A1213
Meister P, Siozios V, Reiter J, Klamor S, Rothermel S, Fromm O, Meyer HW, Winter M, Placke T (2014) Dual-ion cells based on the electrochemical intercalation of asymmetric fluorosulfonyl-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anions into graphite. Electrochim Acta 130 (0):625–633
Onagi N, Hibino E, Okada S, Ishihara T (2014) Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. US20140186696 A1
Winter M, Besenhard JO (1999) Wiederaufladbare Batterien. Teil 2: Akkumulatoren mit nichtwäßriger Elektrolytlösung. Chem Unserer Zeit 33(6):320–332
Peled E (1979) The electrochemical-behavior of alkali and alkaline-earth metals in non-aqueous battery systems - the solid electrolyte interphase model. J Electrochem Soc 126(12):2047–2051
Besenhard JO, Winter M, Yang J, Biberacher W (1995) Filming mechanism of lithium-carbon anodes in organic and inorganic electrolytes. J Power Sources 54(2):228–231
Peled E, Golodnitsky D, Ardel G (1997) Advanced model for solid electrolyte interphase electrodes in liquid and polymer electrolytes. J Electrochem Soc 144(8):L208–L210
Winter M, Appel WK, Evers B, Hodal T, Moller KC, Schneider I, Wachtler M, Wagner MR, Wrodnigg GH, Besenhard JO (2001) Studies on the anode/electrolyte interface in lithium ion batteries. Chem Mon 132(4):473–486
Edström K, Herstedt M, Abraham DP (2006) A new look at the solid electrolyte interphase on graphite anodes in Li-ion batteries. J Power Sources 153(2):380–384
Winter M (2009) The solid electrolyte interphase—the most important and the least understood solid electrolyte in rechargeable Li batteries. Z Phys Chem 223(10–11):1395–1406
Verma P, Maire P, Novak P (2010) A review of the features and analyses of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 55(22):6332–6341
An SJ, Li J, Daniel C, Mohanty D, Nagpure S, Wood III DL (2016) The state of understanding of the lithium-ion-battery graphite solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and its relationship to formation cycling. Carbon 105:52–76
Schranzhofer H, Bugajski J, Santner H, Korepp C, Möller K-C, Besenhard J, Winter M, Sitte W (2006) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of the SEI formation on graphite and metal electrodes. J Power Sources 153(2):391–395
Root MJ (2013) Medical Device Batteries. In: Brodd RJ (Ed.) Batteries for sustainability—selected entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York
Eichinger G, Semrau G (1990) Lithiumbatterien I. Chemische Grundlagen. Chem Unserer Zeit 24(1):32–36
Eichinger G, Semrau G (1990) Lithiumbatterien II. Entladereaktionen und komplette Zellen. Chem Unserer Zeit 24(2):90–96
Brandt K (1994) Historical development of secondary lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 69(3–4):173–183
Watanabe K, Fukuda M (1970) Primary cell for electric batteries. US Patent No 3:536,532
Schneider AA, Moser JR (1972) Primary cells and iodine-containing cathodes therefore. US Patent 3:674,562
Julien C, Mauger A, Vijh A, Zaghib K (2016) Lithium batteries. Science and Technology, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland
Reddy TB (2010) Linden’s Handbook of Batteries, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education, New York
Whittingham MS (1976) Electrical energy-storage and intercalation cehmistry. Science 192(4244):1126–1127
Whittingham MS (1978) Chemistry of intercalation compounds—metal guests in chalcogenide hosts. Prog Solid State Chem 12(1):41–99
Pereira N, Amatucci GG, Whittingham MS, Hamlen R (2015) Lithium-titanium disulfide rechargeable cell performance after 35 years of storage. J Power Sources 280:18–22
Fouchard D, Taylor JB (1987) The Molicel rechargeable lithium system—multicell aspects. J Power Sources 21(3–4):195–205
Brandt K, Laman FC (1989) Reproducibility and reliability of rechargeable lithium molybdenum-disulfide batteries. J Power Sources 25(4):265–276
Robillard C (2005) Proc IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. San Francisco, CA, June 12–16:1223–1227
Dan P, Mengeritsky E, Aurbach D, Weissman I, Zinigrad E (1997) More details on the new LiMnO2 rechargeable battery technology developed at Tadiran. J Power Sources 68(2):443–447
Mengeritsky E, Dan P, Weissman I, Zaban A, Aurbach D (1996) Safety and performance of Tadiran TLR-7103 rechargeable batteries. J Electrochem Soc 143(7):2110–2116
Fouchard D, Lechner L (1993) Analysis of safety and reliability in secondary lithium batteries. Electrochim Acta 38(9):1193–1198
Winter M, Besenhard JO, Spahr ME, Novak P (1998) Insertion electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. Adv Mater 10(10):725–763
Heine J, Hilbig P, Qi X, Niehoff P, Winter M, Bieker P (2015) Fluoroethylene carbonate as electrolyte additive in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether based electrolytes for application in lithium ion and lithium metal batteries. J Electrochem Soc 162(6):A1094–A1101
Lazzari M, Scrosati B (1980) Cyclable lithium organic electrolyte cell based on 2 intercalation electrodes. J Electrochem Soc 127(3):773–774
Scrosati B (1992) Lithium rocking chair batteries—an old concept. J Electrochem Soc 139(10):2776–2781
Mizushima K, Jones PC, Wiseman PJ, Goodenough JB (1980) LixCoO2—a new cathode material for batteries of high-energy density. Mater Res Bull 15(6):783–789
Winter M, Besenhard JO (1999) Lithiated carbons. In: Besenhard JO (ed) Handbook of Battery Materials. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, pp 383–418
Winter M, Möller K-C, Besenhard JO (2003) Carbonaceous and graphitic anodes. In: Nazri G-A, Pistoia G (eds) Lithium batteries: Science and Technology. Springer US, Boston, pp 145–194
Bagouin M, Guerard D, Herold A (1966) Action de la vapeur de lithium sur le graphite. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Des Seances De L Academie Des Sciences Serie C 262(7):557
Guerard D, Herold A (1972) New method for preparation of insertion compounds of lithium in graphite. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Des Seances De L Academie Des Sciences Serie C 275(11):571
Guerard D, Herold A (1975) Intercalation of lithium into graphite and other carbons. Carbon 13(4):337–345
Dey AN, Sullivan BP (1970) Electrochemical decomposition of propylene carbonate on graphite. J Electrochem Soc 117(2):222
Arakawa M, Yamaki JI (1987) The cathodic decomposition of propylene carbonate in lithium batteries. J Electroanal Chem 219(1–2):273–280
Fong R, von Sacken U, Dahn JR (1990) Studies of lithium intercalation into carbons using nonaqueous electrochemical cells. J Electrochem Soc 137(7):2009–2013
Besenhard JO (1976) The electrochemical preparation and properties of ionic alkali metal-and NR4-graphite intercalation compounds in organic electrolytes. Carbon 14(2):111–115
Gallus DR, Wagner R, Wiemers-Meyer S, Winter M, Cekic-Laskovic I (2015) New insights into the structure-property relationship of high-voltage electrolyte components for lithium-ion batteries using the pKa value. Electrochim Acta 184:410–416
Wagner R, Streipert B, Kraft V, Reyes Jiménez A, Röser S, Kasnatscheew J, Gallus DR, Börner M, Mayer C, Arlinghaus HF (2016) Counterintuitive role of magnesium salts as effective electrolyte additives for high voltage lithium-ion batteries. Adv Mater Interfaces 3(15)
Wagner R, Korth M, Streipert B, Kasnatscheew J, Gallus DR, Brox S, Amereller M, Cekic-Laskovic I, Winter M (2016) Impact of selected LiPF6 hydrolysis products on the high voltage stability of lithium-ion battery cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(45):30871–30878
Yazami R, Touzain P (1983) A reversible graphite-lithium negative electrode for electrochemical generators. J Power Sources 9(3):365–371
Basu S (1981) Rechargeable battery. Bell Telephone Laboratories, US Patent 4:304,825
Murmann P, Streipert B, Kloepsch R, Ignatiev N, Sartori P, Winter M, Cekic-Laskovic I (2015) Lithium-cyclo-difluoromethane-1, 1-bis (sulfonyl) imide as a stabilizing electrolyte additive for improved high voltage applications in lithium-ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17(14):9352–9358
Ozawa K (1994) Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries with LiCoO2 and carbon electrodes—the LiCoO2/ C system. Solid State Ionics 69(3–4):212–221
Bieker P, Winter M (2016) Lithium-Ionen-Technologie und was danach kommen könnte. Chem Unserer Zeit 50(3):172–186
Krämer E, Schedlbauer T, Hoffmann B, Terborg L, Nowak S, Gores HJ, Passerini S, Winter M (2013) Mechanism of anodic dissolution of the aluminum current collector in 1 M LiTFSI EC: DEC 3: 7 in rechargeable lithium batteries. J Electrochem Soc 160(2):A356–A360
Krämer E, Passerini S, Winter M (2012) Dependency of aluminum collector corrosion in lithium ion batteries on the electrolyte solvent. ECS Electrochem Lett 1(5):C9–C11
Heckmann A, Krott M, Streipert B, Uhlenbruck S, Winter M, Placke T (2017) Suppression of aluminum current collector dissolution by protective ceramic coatings for better high-voltage battery performance. ChemPhysChem 18(1):156–163
Böttcher T, Duda B, Kalinovich N, Kazakova O, Ponomarenko M, Vlasov K, Winter M, Röschenthaler G-V (2014) Syntheses of novel delocalized cations and fluorinated anions, new fluorinated solvents and additives for lithium ion batteries. Prog Solid State Chem 42(4):202–217
Schmitz RW, Murmann P, Schmitz R, Müller R, Krämer L, Kasnatscheew J, Isken P, Niehoff P, Nowak S, Röschenthaler G-V (2014) Investigations on novel electrolytes, solvents and SEI additives for use in lithium-ion batteries: systematic electrochemical characterization and detailed analysis by spectroscopic methods. Prog Solid State Chem 42(4):65–84
Amereller M, Schedlbauer T, Moosbauer D, Schreiner C, Stock C, Wudy F, Zugmann S, Hammer H, Maurer A, Gschwind R (2014) Electrolytes for lithium and lithium ion batteries: from synthesis of novel lithium borates and ionic liquids to development of novel measurement methods. Prog Solid State Chem 42(4):39–56
Broussely M, Archdale G (2004) Li-ion batteries and portable power source prospects for the next 5–10 years. J Power Sources 136(2):386–394
Pillot C (2017) The rechargeable battery market and main trends 2016–2025. Talk at Advanced Automotive Battery Conference (AABC) Europe, Mainz
Whittingham MS (2014) Ultimate limits to intercalation reactions for lithium batteries. Chem Rev 114(23):11414–11443
Shao YY, Ding F, Xiao J, Zhang J, Xu W, Park S, Zhang JG, Wang Y, Liu J (2013) Making Li-air batteries rechargeable: material challenges. Adv Funct Mater 23(8):987–1004
Zhang SS (2013) Liquid electrolyte lithium/sulfur battery: fundamental chemistry, problems, and solutions. J Power Sources 231:153–162
Grande L, Paillard E, Hassoun J, Park J-B, Lee Y-J, Sun Y-K, Passerini S, Scrosati B (2014) The lithium/air battery: still an emerging system or a practical reality? Adv Mater 27(5):784-800
Ogasawara T, Débart A, Holzapfel M, Novák P, Bruce PG (2006) Rechargeable Li2O2 electrode for lithium batteries. J Am Chem Soc 128(4):1390–1393
Hagen M, Hanselmann D, Ahlbrecht K, Maça R, Gerber D, Tübke J (2015) Lithium–sulfur cells: the gap between the state-of-the-art and the requirements for high energy battery cells. Adv Energy Mater 5(16):1401986
Blurton KF, Sammells AF (1979) Metal/air batteries: their status and potential—a review. J Power Sources 4(4):263–279
Abraham KM, Jiang Z (1996) Solid polymer electrolyte-based oxygen batteries. US Patent 5:510,209
Abraham KM, Jiang Z (1996) A polymer electrolyte-based rechargeable lithium/oxygen battery. J Electrochem Soc 143(1):1–5
Choi JW, Aurbach D (2016) Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities. Nature Reviews Materials 1:16013
Danuta H, Juliusz U (1962) Electric dry cells and storage batteries. US Patent 3:043,896
Rao MLB (1966) Organic electrolyte cells. US Patent 3413154 A
Rauh RD, Abraham KM, Pearson GF, Surprenant JK, Brummer SB (1979) A lithium/dissolved sulfur battery with an organic electrolyte. J Electrochem Soc 126(4):523–527
Ji X, Lee KT, Nazar LF (2009) A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries. Nat Mater 8(6):500–506
Aurbach D, Pollak E, Elazari R, Salitra G, Kelley CS, Affinito J (2009) On the surface chemical aspects of very high energy density, rechargeable Li–sulfur batteries. J Electrochem Soc 156(8):A694–A702
Yin Y-X, Xin S, Guo Y-G, Wan L-J (2013) Lithium–sulfur batteries: electrochemistry, materials, and prospects. Angew Chem Int Ed 52(50):13186–13200
SionPower http://www.sionpower.com (Accessed January 20, 2017)
Yabuuchi N, Kubota K, Dahbi M, Komaba S (2014) Research development on sodium-ion batteries. Chem Rev 114(23):11636–11682
Klein F, Jache B, Bhide A, Adelhelm P (2013) Conversion reactions for sodium-ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(38):15876–15887
Ellis BL, Nazar LF (2012) Sodium and sodium-ion energy storage batteries. Curr Opin Solid State Mat Sci 16(4):168–177
Bachman JC, Muy S, Grimaud A, Chang H-H, Pour N, Lux SF, Paschos O, Maglia F, Lupart S, Lamp P, Giordano L, Shao-Horn Y (2016) Inorganic solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries: mechanisms and properties governing ion conduction. Chem Rev 116(1):140–162
Weber AZ, Mench MM, Meyers JP, Ross PN, Gostick JT, Liu QH (2011) Redox flow batteries: a review. J Appl Electrochem 41(10):1137–1164
Aurbach D, Weissman I, Gofer Y, Levi E (2003) Nonaqueous magnesium electrochemistry and its application in secondary batteries. Chem Rec 3(1):61–73
Saha P, Datta MK, Velikokhatnyi OI, Manivannan A, Alman D, Kumta PN (2014) Rechargeable magnesium battery: current status and key challenges for the future. Prog Mater Sci 66(0):1–86
Vaalma C, Giffin GA, Buchholz D, Passerini S (2016) Non-aqueous K-ion battery based on layered K0.3MnO2 and hard carbon/carbon black. J Electrochem Soc 163(7):A1295–A1299
Ponrouch A, Frontera C, Barde F, Palacin MR (2016) Towards a calcium-based rechargeable battery. Nat Mater 15(2):169
Reinsberg P, Bondue CJ, Baltruschat H (2016) Calcium-oxygen batteries as a promising alternative to sodium-oxygen batteries. J Phys Chem C 120(39):22179–22185
Wachtler M, Wagner MR, Schmied M, Winter M, Besenhard JO (2001) The effect of the binder morphology on the cycling stability of Li–alloy composite electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 510(1):12–19
Lux S, Schappacher F, Balducci A, Passerini S, Winter M (2010) Low cost, environmentally benign binders for lithium-ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 157(3):A320–A325
Qi X, Blizanac B, DuPasquier A, Oljaca M, Li J, Winter M (2013) Understanding the influence of conductive carbon additives surface area on the rate performance of LiFePO4 cathodes for lithium ion batteries. Carbon 64:334–340
Qi X, Blizanac B, DuPasquier A, Meister P, Placke T, Oljaca M, Li J, Winter M (2014) Investigation of PF6 − and TFSI− anion intercalation into graphitized carbon blacks and its influence on high voltage lithium ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16(46):25306–25313
Qi X, Blizanac B, DuPasquier A, Lal A, Niehoff P, Placke T, Oljaca M, Li J, Winter M (2015) Influence of thermal treated carbon black conductive additive on the performance of high voltage spinel Cr-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 composite cathode electrode. J Electrochem Soc 162(3):A339–A343
Bockholt H, Haselrieder W, Kwade A (2013) Intensive dry and wet mixing influencing the structural and electrochemical properties of secondary lithium-ion battery cathodes. ECS Trans 50(26):25–35
Bockholt H, Haselrieder W, Kwade A (2016) Intensive powder mixing for dry dispersing of carbon black and its relevance for lithium-ion battery cathodes. Powder Technol 297:266–274
Bauer W, Nötzel D, Wenzel V, Nirschl H (2015) Influence of dry mixing and distribution of conductive additives in cathodes for lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources 288:359–367
Mazouzi D, Karkar Z, Hernandez CR, Manero PJ, Guyomard D, Roue L, Lestriez B (2015) Critical roles of binders and formulation at multiscales of silicon-based composite electrodes. J Power Sources 280:533–549
Porcher W, Lestriez B, Jouanneau S, Guyomard D (2010) Optimizing the surfactant for the aqueous processing of LiFePO4 composite electrodes. J Power Sources 195(9):2835–2843
Du Z, Wood III DL, Daniel C, Kalnaus S, Li J (2017) Understanding limiting factors in thick electrode performance as applied to high energy density Li-ion batteries. J Appl Electrochem 47(3):405–415
Bitsch B, Gallasch T, Schroeder M, Börner M, Winter M, Willenbacher N (2016) Capillary suspensions as beneficial formulation concept for high energy density Li-ion battery electrodes. J Power Sources 328:114–123
Novák P, Scheifele W, Winter M, Haas O (1997) Graphite electrodes with tailored porosity for rechargeable ion-transfer batteries. J Power Sources 68(2):267–270
Haselrieder W, Ivanov S, Christen DK, Bockholt H, Kwade A (2013) Impact of the calendering process on the interfacial structure and the related electrochemical performance of secondary lithium-ion batteries. ECS Trans 50(26):59–70
Antartis D, Dillon S, Chasiotis I (2015) Effect of porosity on electrochemical and mechanical properties of composite Li-ion anodes. J Compos Mater 49(15):1849–1862
Zhang W-J (2011) Lithium insertion/extraction mechanism in alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 196(3):877–885
Zhao H, Yuan W, Liu G (2015) Hierarchical electrode design of high-capacity alloy nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries. Nano Today 10(2):193–212
Hochgatterer N, Schweiger M, Koller S, Raimann P, Wöhrle T, Wurm C, Winter M (2008) Silicon/graphite composite electrodes for high-capacity anodes: influence of binder chemistry on cycling stability. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 11(5):A76–A80
Vogl U, Das P, Weber A, Winter M, Kostecki R, Lux S (2014) Mechanism of interactions between CMC binder and Si single crystal facets. Langmuir 30(34):10299–10307
Nelson P, Gallagher K, Bloom I BatPaC (battery performance and cost) software, Argonne National Lab, http://www.cse.anl.gov/BatPaC/ (Accessed on January 10, 2017)
Warner J (2015) The handbook of lithium-ion battery pack design—chemistry, components, types and terminology. Elsevier Science, Burlington
3M http://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/756169O/3mtm-battery-materials.pdf (Accessed March 20, 2017)
Kasavajjula U, Wang C, Appleby AJ (2007) Nano- and bulk-silicon-based insertion anodes for lithium-ion secondary cells. J Power Sources 163(2):1003–1039
Obrovac MN, Chevrier VL (2014) Alloy negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries. Chem Rev 114(23):11444–11502
Zhang W-J (2011) A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 196(1):13–24
Qiu B, Zhang M, Xia Y, Liu Z, Meng YS (2017) Understanding and controlling anionic electrochemical activity in high-capacity oxides for next generation Li-ion batteries. Chem Mater 29(3):908–915
Noh H-J, Youn S, Yoon CS, Sun Y-K (2013) Comparison of the structural and electrochemical properties of layered Li[NixCoyMnz]O2 (x = 1/3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.85) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 233:121–130
Li J, Kloepsch R, Stan MC, Nowak S, Kunze M, Winter M, Passerini S (2011) Synthesis and electrochemical performance of the high voltage cathode material Li[Li0.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08]O2 with improved rate capability. J Power Sources 196(10):4821–4825
Xia Q, Zhao X, Xu M, Ding Z, Liu J, Chen L, Ivey DG, Wei W (2015) A Li-rich Layered@ Spinel@ Carbon heterostructured cathode material for high capacity and high rate lithium-ion batteries fabricated via an in situ synchronous carbonization-reduction method. J Mater Chem A 3(7):3995–4003
Liu H, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhou D, Qi X, Qiu B, Fang J, Kloepsch R, Schumacher G, Liu Z, Li J (2016) Morphological evolution of high-voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: the critical effects of surface orientations and particle size. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(7):4661–4675
Liu N, Lu Z, Zhao J, McDowell MT, Lee H-W, Zhao W, Cui Y (2014) A pomegranate-inspired nanoscale design for large-volume-change lithium battery anodes. Nat Nano 9(3):187–192
Winter M, Besenhard JO, Albering JH, Yang J, Wachtler M (1998) Lithium storage alloys as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Prog Batt Batt Mater 17:208
Besenhard J, Yang J, Winter M (1997) Will advanced lithium-alloy anodes have a chance in lithium-ion batteries? J Power Sources 68(1):87–90
Qian J, Adams BD, Zheng J, Xu W, Henderson WA, Wang J, Bowden ME, Xu S, Hu J, Zhang J-G (2016) Anode-free rechargeable lithium metal batteries. Adv Funct Mater 26(39):7094–7102
Brückner J, Thieme S, Grossmann HT, Dörfler S, Althues H, Kaskel S (2014) Lithium–sulfur batteries: influence of C-rate, amount of electrolyte and sulfur loading on cycle performance. J Power Sources 268:82–87
Greszler T, Gu W, Goebel S, Masten D, Lakshmanan B (2012) Li-air and Li-sulfur in an automotive system context. Talk at Beyond Lithium Ion 5, Berkeley, CA
Greatbatch W, Holmes CF (1992) The lithium/iodine battery: a historical perspective. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15(11):2034–2036
Vetter J, Novak P, Wagner MR, Veit C, Möller KC, Besenhard JO, Winter M, Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M, Vogler C, Hammouche A (2005) Ageing mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 147(1–2):269–281
Seino Y, Ota T, Takada K, Hayashi A, Tatsumisago M (2014) A sulphide lithium super ion conductor is superior to liquid ion conductors for use in rechargeable batteries. Energy Environ Sci 7(2):627–631
Manthiram A, Yu X, Wang S (2017) Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes. Nat Rev Mater 2:16103
Pieczonka NPW, Liu Z, Lu P, Olson KL, Moote J, Powell BR, Kim J-H (2013) Understanding transition-metal dissolution behavior in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 high-voltage spinel for lithium ion batteries. J Phys Chem C 117(31):15947–15957
Gallus DR, Schmitz R, Wagner R, Hoffmann B, Nowak S, Cekic-Laskovic I, Schmitz RW, Winter M (2014) The influence of different conducting salts on the metal dissolution and capacity fading of NCM cathode material. Electrochim Acta 134:393–398
Börner M, Klamor S, Hoffmann B, Schroeder M, Nowak S, Würsig A, Winter M, Schappacher F (2016) Investigations on the C-rate and temperature dependence of manganese dissolution/deposition in LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 lithium ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 163(6):A831–A837
Evertz M, Horsthemke F, Kasnatscheew J, Börner M, Winter M, Nowak S (2016) Unraveling transition metal dissolution of Li1.04Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM 111) in lithium ion full cells by using the total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique. J Power Sources 329:364–371
Jia H, Kloepsch R, He X, Evertz M, Nowak S, Li J, Winter M, Placke T (2016) Nanostructured ZnFe2O4 as anode material for lithium ion batteries: ionic liquid-assisted synthesis and performance evaluation with special emphasis on comparative metal dissolution. Acta Chim Slov 63(3):470–483
Xu W, Wang J, Ding F, Chen X, Nasybulin E, Zhang Y, Zhang J-G (2014) Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries. Energy Environ Sci 7(2):513–537
Kato Y, Kawamoto K, Kanno R, Hirayama M (2012) Discharge performance of all-solid-state battery using a lithium superionic conductor Li10GeP2S12. Electrochemistry 80(10):749–751
Gambe Y, Sun Y, Honma I (2015) Development of bipolar all-solid-state lithium battery based on quasi-solid-state electrolyte containing tetraglyme-LiTFSA equimolar complex. Sci Rep 5:8869–8872
Kloepsch R, Placke T, Winter M (2017) Festelektrolytbatterien: Sinn, Unsinn, Realitätssinn. Proceedings, Batterieforum Deutschland, January 25–27, Berlin, Germany
Baril D, Michot C, Armand M (1997) Electrochemistry of liquids vs. solids: polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 94(1):35–47
Murata K, Izuchi S, Yoshihisa Y (2000) An overview of the research and development of solid polymer electrolyte batteries. Electrochim Acta 45(8–9):1501–1508
Rupp B, Schmuck M, Balducci A, Winter M, Kern W (2008) Polymer electrolyte for lithium batteries based on photochemically crosslinked poly (ethylene oxide) and ionic liquid. Eur Polym J 44(9):2986–2990
Isken P, Winter M, Passerini S, Lex-Balducci A (2013) Methacrylate based gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 225:157–162
Schroeder M, Isken P, Winter M, Passerini S, Lex-Balducci A, Balducci A (2013) An investigation on the use of a methacrylate-based gel polymer electrolyte in high power devices. J Electrochem Soc 160(10):A1753–A1758
Jankowsky S, Hiller MM, Fromm O, Winter M, Wiemhoefer H-D (2015) Enhanced lithium-ion transport in polyphosphazene based gel polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 155:364–371
Bruce PG, West AR (1983) The A-C conductivity of polycrystalline LISICON, Li2+2x Zn1-x GeO4, and a model for intergranular constriction resistances. J Electrochem Soc 130(3):662–669
Aono H, Sugimoto E, Sadaoka Y, Imanaka N, Adachi G (1990) Ionic-conductivity of solid electrolytes based on lithium titanium phosphate. J Electrochem Soc 137(4):1023–1027
Inaguma Y, Chen LQ, Itoh M, Nakamura T, Uchida T, Ikuta H, Wakihara M (1993) High ionic-conductivity in lithium lanthanum titanate. Solid State Commun 86(10):689–693
Murugan R, Thangadurai V, Weppner W (2007) Fast lithium ion conduction in garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12. Angew Chem, Int Ed 46(41):7778–7781
Yu XH, Bates JB, Jellison GE, Hart FX (1997) A stable thin-film lithium electrolyte: lithium phosphorus oxynitride. J Electrochem Soc 144(2):524–532
Wang Y, Richards WD, Ong SP, Miara LJ, Kim JC, Mo YF, Ceder G (2015) Design principles for solid-state lithium superionic conductors. Nat Mater 14(10):1026
Sakuda A, Hayashi A, Tatsumisago M (2013) Sulfide solid electrolyte with favorable mechanical property for all-solid-state lithium battery. Sci Rep 3:2261
Muramatsu H, Hayashi A, Ohtomo T, Hama S, Tatsumisago M (2011) Structural change of Li2S–P2S5 sulfide solid electrolytes in the atmosphere. Solid State Ionics 182(1):116–119
Kamaya N, Homma K, Yamakawa Y, Hirayama M, Kanno R, Yonemura M, Kamiyama T, Kato Y, Hama S, Kawamoto K, Mitsui A (2011) A lithium superionic conductor. Nat Mater 10(9):682–686
Wenzel S, Randau S, Leichtweiss T, Weber DA, Sann J, Zeier WG, Janek J (2016) Direct observation of the interfacial instability of the fast ionic conductor Li10GeP2S12 at the lithium metal anode. Chem Mater 28(7):2400–2407
Wenzel S, Weber DA, Leichtweiss T, Busche MR, Sann J, Janek J (2016) Interphase formation and degradation of charge transfer kinetics between a lithium metal anode and highly crystalline Li7P3S11 solid electrolyte. Solid State Ionics 286:24–33
Zhu YZ, He XF, Mo YF (2016) First principles study on electrochemical and chemical stability of solid electrolyte-electrode interfaces in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 4(9):3253–3266
Metalary http://metalary.com/lithium-price/ . Accessed 8 March 2017
Cekic-Laskovic I, Wagner R, Wiemers-Meyer S, Nowak S, Winter M (2016) Liquid electrolytes—just a commodity and a phase-out model? Proceedings, Graz Battery Days, September 26–28, Graz, Austria
Bieker G, Winter M, Bieker P (2015) Electrochemical in situ investigations of SEI and dendrite formation on the lithium metal anode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17(14):8670–8679
Ryou MH, Lee YM, Lee Y, Winter M, Bieker P (2015) Surface treatment: mechanical surface modification of lithium metal: towards improved Li metal anode performance by directed Li plating. Adv Funct Mater 25(6):825–825
Martha SK, Nanda J, Kim Y, Unocic RR, Pannala S, Dudney NJ (2013) Solid electrolyte coated high voltage layered-layered lithium-rich composite cathode: Li1.2Mn0.525Ni0.175Co0.1O2. J Mater Chem A 1(18):5587–5595
Li XF, Liu J, Banis MN, Lushington A, Li RY, Cai M, Sun XL (2014) Atomic layer deposition of solid-state electrolyte coated cathode materials with superior high-voltage cycling behavior for lithium ion battery application. Energy Environ Sci 7(2):768–778