Signaling ánh sáng như một bộ tích hợp tế bào đối với nhiều yếu tố môi trường ở thực vật

Abhishek Kanojia1, Diksha Bhola1, Yashwanti Mudgil1
1Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

Tóm tắt

Thực vật, do tính chất cố định, cần nhanh chóng thích ứng với môi trường thay đổi liên tục thông qua các điều chỉnh trong đồng hồ sinh học, chuyển hóa, và biểu hiện gen của chúng. Chúng đã tiến hóa một hệ thống phức tạp để cảm nhận và truyền tải các tín hiệu từ các yếu tố môi trường chính như ánh sáng, nhiệt độ và nước, nhằm điều chỉnh sự phát triển và sinh tồn của chúng. Trong vài thập kỷ qua, những nghiên cứu nghiêm ngặt bằng các phương pháp di truyền phân tử, đặc biệt là ở thực vật mô hình Arabidopsis, đã dẫn đến những tiến bộ đáng kể trong việc phát hiện các hệ thống cảm thụ ánh sáng và các thành phần tín hiệu ánh sáng khác nhau. Song song đó, nhiều con đường phân tử hoạt động phản ứng với các tín hiệu môi trường khác cũng được làm sáng tỏ. Thú vị thay, các nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng các hồ sơ biểu hiện của các gen liên quan đến quang hình thái có thể trải qua sự điều chỉnh khi phản ứng với các yếu tố khác từ môi trường. Gần đây, cảm thụ ánh sáng PHYB đã được chứng minh có chức năng như một cảm biến nhiệt độ. Các thành phần ngược dòng của con đường tín hiệu ánh sáng như COP1 và PIF cũng đã nổi lên như những nút tích hợp cho nhiều loại tín hiệu khác nhau. Tất cả những phát hiện này cho thấy rằng các thành phần tín hiệu ánh sáng có thể hoạt động như một bộ tích hợp trung tâm cho các tín hiệu môi trường khác nhau để điều chỉnh các quá trình phát triển và tăng trưởng của thực vật. Trong bài đánh giá này, chúng tôi trình bày một quan điểm về sự tương tác của các cơ chế tín hiệu được kích thích để phản ứng với một loạt tín hiệu đa dạng và sự tích hợp của chúng với các thành phần tín hiệu ánh sáng. Bằng cách đặt tín hiệu ánh sáng ở vị trí trung tâm, chúng tôi đề xuất khả năng tăng cường khả năng chống chịu của thực vật đối với môi trường thay đổi bằng cách điều chỉnh tinh vi các thao tác di truyền của các thành phần tín hiệu của nó trong tương lai.

Từ khóa

#quang hình thái #tín hiệu ánh sáng #yếu tố môi trường #gene #thực vật

Tài liệu tham khảo

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